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1.
无损检测在日本落叶松材性育种中的应用前景探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用 Pilodyn和微秒计对20个日本落叶松无性系进行无损检测,研究无性系间无损检测指标的表型和遗传变异,结果表明：应力波速( SWV)的表型变异系数和遗传变异系数分别为5.09%和3.57%,低于 Pilodyn南向测定值(Ps)和北向测定值(Pn);3个无损检测指标无性系重复力的分布范围为0.34～0.48,说明它们受中等强度的遗传控制。研究无损检测指标与各材质性状间的关系,结果表明： Ps和 Pn与生长轮密度、早材密度、生长轮壁腔比和早材壁腔比呈极显著负相关; SWV与生长轮微纤丝角、早材微纤丝角和晚材微纤丝角呈极显著负相关,但与生长轮弹性模量、早材弹性模量和晚材弹性模量呈极显著正相关。多元回归分析表明,对 Ps,Pn和 SWV 贡献率排名前2位的材质性状分别为生长轮密度和早材壁腔比、生长轮密度和生长轮壁腔比以及早材微纤丝角和生长轮弹性模量。建立无损检测指标与相对应材质性状的线性回归方程,发现 Ps与生长轮密度间方程的决定系数(0.340)略小于 Pn与生长轮密度的决定系数(0.360); SWV 与早材微纤丝角、生长轮弹性模量间方程的决定系数分别为0.348和0.316。 相似文献
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对4个12年生的日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞进行了拉伸实验。结果表明:日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的均值分别为11.44 GPa、616.59 MPa和6.54%,相应的变异系数为26.97%、26.26%和23.17%。方差分析表明日本落叶松幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量和管胞断裂伸长率在无性系间差异极显著(0.01水平),拉伸强度在无性系间差异不显著;株内早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度和管胞断裂伸长率在年轮间差异显著。对日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸力学性能进行遗传参数估计,单根管胞弹性模量和断裂伸长率的重复力分别是0.79和0.57,属于中度到强度遗传控制,无性系早期选择及材性遗传改良潜力较大。 相似文献
4.
杂种落叶松F2代自由授粉家系纸浆材遗传变异及多性状联合选择 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对17年生7个杂种落叶松自由授粉家系和3个对照子代测定林(共10个处理)的生长和材性性状进行遗传变异分析、相关分析、综合指数评价与选择.结果表明:生长与材性性状家系间、家系内均存在较大的变异,除单位面积管胞数量外,其他性状晚材的变异系数均大于早材;材积、管胞长宽比和树脂道比量变异系数较大(26.2%～85.3%).基本密度、早材微纤丝角、管胞比量变异系数较小(1.4%～8.1%).方差分析表明:处理间综纤维素含量,早、晚材微纤丝角,管胞长宽比,晚材径向直径、胞壁率、壁腔比,管胞比量差异显著;材积、管胞长、弦向直径、早材和晚材单位面积管胞数量差异极显著,家系遗传力为59.3%～92.7%,家系水平的材性改良潜力较大.材积与综纤维素含量成极显著正相关,与早材和晚材微纤丝角、弦向直径、晚材壁腔比和管胞比量成正相关,与管胞长宽比和晚材单位面积管胞数量成负相关;基本密度与材积成微弱的负相关,与综纤维素含量成显著的负相关,与管胞长宽比、早材微纤丝角、晚材单位面积管胞数量成正相关;综纤维素含量与管胞长宽比和晚材单位面积管胞数量成负相关;管胞长宽比与晚材壁腔比成极显著负相关;晚材微纤丝角与管胞比量成显著的正相关.对生长和材性进行综合评价,选出I3,I4,I93个比较理想的多性状指数方程.适合作纸浆林培育的家系为兴7×日77-2、日5×长77-3和日3×兴9.入选率30%时,各性状家系遗传增益分别为:材积34.7%,综纤维素含量7.5%,晚材壁腔比11.0%,晚材胞壁率6.2%,管胞长宽比4.5%,晚材微纤丝角3.2%,管胞比量0.3%. 相似文献
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对10个10年生日本落叶松无性系的木材基本密度、管胞参数进行了测定.结果表明:木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞宽度和早材长宽比无性系间差异显著;木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞长度,早晚材管胞宽度和早晚材长宽比径向变异模式相似,即从髓心向外以曲线形式不断增加,有时亦有起伏;早材从髓心向外以近似直线的形式缓慢增加,晚材从髓心向外以曲线形式增加,初期增加幅度较大,到一定年龄后趋于水平变化并略有波动;材质性状与树木年轮间的关系以对数方程、幂函数方程、指数方程拟合效果较好;除了晚材壁腔比和早材壁厚外,其它木材性质的重复力均在0.5以上,受中度或中度以上的遗传制约,按照20%的选择率,长宽比和晚材管胞长能获得较高的遗传增益. 相似文献
6.
木材材性株内径向变异模式初探VI19个杉木种源木材密度径向变异模式的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以微密度分析对19个种源杉木的木材密度径向变异模式进行了研究.不同种源间和种源内株间,年轮平均密度的径向变异曲线都存在一定的变异,但此变异主要表现在种源内株间.年轮平均密度的幼龄-成熟相关性从第3年起就极显著.由微密度分析得出的一系列密度和年轮宽特征值间的相关分析表明,在年龄影响下的变异过程中,年轮内密度变异曲线随年轮宽的变动导致晚材率变动的效应较为显著,年轮平均密度主要受晚材率影响;年轮平均密度与年轮宽呈特别显著的负相关.而在种源影响下的变异过程中分析,上述效应不明显,而不同种源间密度变异曲线的上下移动影响显著;年轮平均密度主要受早材平均密度影响;年轮平均密度与年轮宽的负相关远不如在年龄影响下的变异过程中显著. 相似文献
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贵州产马尾松人工林纤维形态和纤丝角的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了30年生人工林马尾松形态和纤丝角的径向变异。结果表明：纤维长度、宽度和长宽比均呈增加趋势，前10～12年纤维形态的增长率明显的大于随后年轮纤维形态的变化。马尾松早材各年轮的平均纤维丝角比晚材平均要大11．5％，纤丝角随树龄增加而逐年下降，前12年变化速率较快，随后的年轮纤丝角下降速度渐趋缓慢。表明人工林马尾松在12年左右趋于成熟。 相似文献
9.
日本落叶松纸浆材优良家系多性状联合选择 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
以12年生日本落叶松自由授粉家系子代测定林为研究对象,对生长、干形和材性性状进行相关分析、通径分析及间接选择研究,利用综合选择指数法开展了日本落叶松纸浆材优良家系选择,并为湖北等亚热带高海拔山区筛选出一批生长、干形和材性兼优的家系,最后提出了日本落叶松纸浆材选育指标及优良家系利用途径。研究表明:生长性状与纤维长度之间存在显著正相关关系,与壁腔比之间存在显著负相关关系,与木材密度、1%NaOH抽出物、综纤维素含量间相关不显著;木材密度与主枝长之间,纤维长度与主枝长、主枝粗和新枝粗之间,晚材壁腔比与主枝粗、主枝长、皮厚、冠幅、新枝数之间,1%NaOH抽出物与主枝长之间存在显著正相关关系。各控制性状对单木材积直接作用的大小依次为:胸径、树高、主枝长、壁腔比、主枝粗、皮厚、冠幅、晚材纤维长和早材纤维长,其中胸径和树高2个性状对单株材积性状的直接作用占材积总变异的63%,虽然冠幅、壁腔比等性状对单木材积的直接控制作用很小,但这些性状通过胸径对单木材积具有很大的间接遗传控制作用,由这9个性状组成的控制系统可以说明单木材积变异的98.66%。 相似文献
10.
以Ⅰ-69杨木材为试样,运用树木年轮图像分析系统和树木年轮分析系统获取年轮宽度和年轮密度数据,并对组成成分径向变异和轴向变异规律进行了分析。结果表明:Ⅰ-69杨木材密度的径向变异规律随树龄增加而增大,最大密度波动较大,最小密度随树龄增加总体趋势下降,早材密度、晚材密度随树龄增加而增加;年轮组成成分各项指标株内径向变异极显著,株间径向变异不显著。年轮密度各组成成分随高度增加而增加,其中年轮平均密度、早材密度、最小密度增加量较小,年轮最大密度、晚材密度增加量较大;相对而言,Ⅰ-69杨木材密度径向变异大于轴向变异。 相似文献
11.
The relationships between bending properties, compressive strength, tracheid length, microfibril angle, and ring characteristics
of 20-year-old Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay.) trees were examined. The trees came from different thinning and pruning treatments, but the practices showed no significant
effect on the investigated properties. The results showed that based on comparison with the literature, plantation-grown immature
Taiwania have noticeably lower average strength properties than mature trees of the same species. Wood density and bending
and compressive strengths were not related to either tracheid length or microfibril angle in young Taiwania. There were positive
relationships between bending strength and compressive strength. The wood density, ring width, earlywood width, earlywood
density, and latewood percentage were the most important predictors of strength by simple linear regressions. The wood density
and ring width/earlywood width may be considered as indicators for assessing the bending strength, while wood density and
latewood percentage were the best predictors of compressive strength by multiple linear regressions. 相似文献
12.
Hydraulic and mechanical properties of young Norway spruce clones related to growth and wood structure 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Stem segments of eight five-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones differing in growth characteristics were tested for maximum specific hydraulic conductivity (k(s100)), vulnerability to cavitation and behavior under mechanical stress. The vulnerability of the clones to cavitation was assessed by measuring the applied air pressure required to cause 12 and 50% loss of conductivity (Psi(12), Psi(50)) and the percent loss of conductivity at 4 MPa applied air pressure (PLC(4MPa)). The bending strength and stiffness and the axial compression strength and stiffness of the same stem segments were measured to characterize wood mechanical properties. Growth ring width, wood density, latewood percentage, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness, tracheid length and pit dimensions of earlywood cells, spiral grain and microfibril angles were examined to identify structure-function relationships. High k(s100) was strongly and positively related to spiral grain angle, which corresponded positively to tracheid length and pit dimensions. Spiral grain may reduce flow resistance of the bordered pits of the first earlywood tracheids, which are characterized by rounded tips and an equal distribution of pits along the entire length. Wood density was unrelated to hydraulic vulnerability parameters. Traits associated with higher hydraulic vulnerability were long tracheids, high latewood percentage and thick earlywood cell walls. The positive relationship between earlywood cell wall thickness and vulnerability to cavitation suggest that air seeding through the margo of bordered pits may occur in earlywood. There was a positive phenotypic and genotypic relationship between k(s100) and PLC(4MPa), and both parameters were positively related to tree growth rate. Variability in mechanical properties depended mostly on wood density, but also on the amount of compression wood. Accordingly, hydraulic conductivity and mechanical strength or stiffness showed no tradeoff. 相似文献
13.
Junji Matsumura Yoko Yamasaki Kazuyuki Oda Yoshitake Fujisawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(4):328-333
Nine trees of Cryptomeria japonica from six elite tree clones with a broad range of heartwood colors were selected. The profiles of pit aspiration percentage (ASP) of earlywood and latewood from pith to bark for green and air-dry conditions were determined to study the relationship between heartwood color and pit aspiration. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations showed that the ASP of earlywood was low in sapwood and high in heartwood in the green condition. Pit aspiration increased in intermediate wood when compared with sapwood. On the other hand, latewood pits did not aspirate during heartwood formation. Comparing the air-dry condition with the green condition, sapwood pits aspirated during drying in both earlywood and latewood; however, there was no significant difference in pit aspiration of heartwood. There was no significant difference between samples with red and black heartwoods for ASP. The difference in ASP between individual trees was larger than that by heartwood color. The general advantage of CLSM over light microscopy is that serial optical sections along the Z axis can be obtained for any moisture condition, without the need for thin sectioning or embedding. 相似文献
14.
Interpretation of X-ray diffractograms of wood for assessments of microfibril angles in fibre cell walls 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. D. Boyd 《Wood Science and Technology》1977,11(2):93-114
Summary Graphical models have been developed to represent X-ray diffraction patterns for microfibril arrangements in each of the characteristic secondary wall layers of fibres in normal earlywood, latewood, compression wood, and tension wood. Models for usual combinations of typical layers S1, S2, and S3, and for complex tissues including more than one S2 layer class indicate a basis for a new analytical technique for diffractograms.Diffractograms of tissues from earlywood or latewood zones may involve effects of three to four S2 layer variations, possibly including tension wood or compression wood. The new technique enables assessment of the microfibril angle for each. Corresponding probable experimental errors are considered. Thus it is demonstrated that, even without direct calibration by other methods for measuring microfibril angle, realistic comparative values may be obtained for all S2 layer classes substantially represented. Such data constitute significantly more reliable indices of actual values than those provided by other techniques. Also, the data give qualitative information on other aspects of the variability of fibre types within each specimen. 相似文献
15.
Trairat Neimsuwan Siqun Wang Adam M. Taylor Timothy G. Rials 《Wood Science and Technology》2008,42(6):493-506
A better understanding of the sorption behavior of different wood structures could be useful in protecting wood against wood
deterioration and fungal attack. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of differences among earlywood, latewood,
and tree ring location within the stem cross-section of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) on the sorption kinetics and statics of water vapor under ambient conditions. The water vapor sorption of earlywood and
latewood in different tree rings was recorded using a dynamic contact angle analyzer under relative humidity changes from
11 to 89%, as provided by saturated salt solutions. Earlywood had higher sorption rates and diffusion coefficients than latewood,
while outer tree rings had higher sorption rates and diffusion coefficients than inner tree rings. The sorption isotherms
of earlywood, latewood, and different tree ring locations within the stem cross-section were fitted very well by a Hailwood–Horrobin
model. 相似文献
16.
We investigated clonal and site variations in wood fiber length, microfibril angle, and specific gravity of seven natural
hybrid clones of Acacia (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) grown in northern and southern Vietnam. Fiber length did not differ between clones or between sites. The microfibril angle
of the S2 layer did not significantly differ between clones but significantly differed between sites. Clone and site significantly
affected specific gravity. The significant effects of genetic × environmental interactions on wood properties indicated the
difference in the response of clones to different growing conditions. The trends of changes in fiber length, microfibril angle,
and specific gravity from the vicinity of the pith to near the bark were similar for all clones at each site; however, variations
in fiber length, microfibril angle, and specific gravity were more visible in northern Vietnam than in southern Vietnam, with
a significant effect of genetic factors. This difference may be attributable to winter, which is experienced in northern Vietnam
but not in southern Vietnam. For clone selection for plantation in the northern region, combining growth rate with wood properties
was recommended. On the other hand, for plantation in the southern region, clone selection depends mainly on the growth rate,
taking into consideration the specific gravity. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):14-29
Genetic parameters were estimated for wood and growth traits in two 19-yr-old clonal trials and a 40-yr-old full-sib progeny trial of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. In the clonal trials high (>0.4) broad-sense heritabilities were found for wood density traits, lignin content, number of internal cracks, growth traits, spiral grain and number of resin canals. Moderate (0.2–0.4) heritabilities were found for tracheid lumen diameter and cell wall thickness, microfibril angle and tracheid length, while low heritabilities (<0.2) were found for pulp yield, fibre strength, wood stiffness and wood colour. Lignin content and pulp yield showed low genetic variation, whereas the genotypic coefficient of variation for most other traits ranged between 5 and 15%. Most traits showed low levels of genotype by environment interaction. Among the wood properties, latewood proportion, earlywood density and ring density showed significant, adverse correlations with volume in both clonal trials. 相似文献
18.
Nakai Takashi 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2003,(2)
A comprehensive analysis on the variation pattern of early- and latewood tracheid morphological parameters along tree (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) height, including length and width, wall thickness, tissue proportion, cell wall percentage, width of growth rings, and on the relationship among them are conducted. The results indicate an initially rapid and then gentle increase of tracheid length and width, thickness of the radial wall and tangential wall of tracheid, area percentage of tracheid from pith to outward, while S2 microfibril angle (Mfa) of tracheid, and rays percentage gradually decrease and then tend to be stable. The variation of all anatomical parameters but earlywood cell wall thickness shows no significance along tree height. The radial variation pattern of width of growth rings is characterized with initially slight decrease followed immediately by a rapid and then much more gentle increase from pith to outward. The delimitation age between juvenile and mature wood is 14-16 years. Com 相似文献