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1.
多粘类芽孢杆菌对木麻黄青枯病的抑菌防病作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内测定了商品化生物农药多粘类芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对木麻黄青枯病病原菌的毒力。采用打孔法结果表明,多粘类芽孢杆菌对木麻黄青枯病病原菌具有良好的拮抗作用,其抑菌圈的平均直径达到9.4 mm。采集4个品系的木麻黄小枝水培生根后进行温室盆栽,采用改进的伤根淋菌法进行接种,以只施多粘类芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(CK1)和只接种青枯菌(CK2)为对照,施用多粘类芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂后接种青枯菌为处理进行实验。结果表明,在两个时间点,湛江-3的防效达到了60.8%和51.6%;湛江-2的防效达到了41.5%和40.3%;广东A14的防效达到了28.8%和23.3%,差异均显著(α=0.05);广东701-3的防效为16.3%和26.8%,差异不显著,出现此原因是广东701-3抗性强于其他3个品系。综上所述,在盆栽试验中,多粘类芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对木麻黄青枯病有显著的防治效果,品系本身越感病,防效越高。 相似文献
2.
用不同浓度的70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散剂、5%己唑醇微乳剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂及施药时间、不同施药次数对猕猴桃腐烂病进行田间药效防治试验。结果表明:己唑醇1 000倍、1 500倍和2 000倍3个处理防治效果分别为81.1%、59.2%和42.5%;用己唑醇1 500倍的施药时间和次数试验结果表明,谢花后一周内施药的处理防治效果均在60%左右,显著高于延后一周施药的处理,施药次数对防治效果影响不大,喷药3次和4次的防治效果均为59%左右,喷药2次防效较差,但与前两者差异不显著;5种杀菌剂药效试验结果表明,75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散剂防效最好,为71%,显著高于其他处理,其次为咪鲜胺锰盐、己唑醇,防治效果分别为63.5%和52.4%,苯谜甲环唑和甲基硫菌灵防效较差均不足30%。 相似文献
3.
通过开展苹果斑点落叶病(Alternaria mali Roberts)田间药剂防治试验,表明所筛选的7种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病都有很好的防治效果,其中25%丙环唑乳油0.033%浓度的溶液防效最佳,春梢期和秋梢期防效分别达89.84%和94.12%;而春梢期、秋梢期防效相对最差的10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂0.1%浓度的溶液和1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂0.33%浓度的溶液,也达到85.83%和88.36%。这为指导大田防治和交替用药提供了科学依据。 相似文献
4.
一株多粘类芽胞杆菌防治油茶炭疽病初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多粘类芽胞杆菌是一种能防治多种病原真菌病害的生防细菌。通过室内孢子萌发抑制率、抑菌率测定、林间防治试验首次研究不同芽胞浓度的多粘类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1对油茶炭疽病的防治效果。结果表明,当终浓度在(10~160)亿芽胞/L(667 m2用水量50 L)时,对4株油茶炭疽病病原菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.孢子萌发抑制率41.50%~88.75%;抑菌率35.81%~77.56%;在汤池镇和舒茶镇两地,发病初期施药后30 d林间防效为29.80%~68.91%和31.11%~67.55%;发病高峰期施药后30 d林间防效为26.61%~50.20%和21.95%~52.66%;DN-1终浓度160亿芽胞/L时,在发病初期施药两地林间防治效果与百菌清相当;而在发病高峰期施药林间防治效果低于百菌清。 相似文献
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用50%竹焦油乳油分别对水稻纹枯病、稻曲病和黄瓜白粉病进行田间药效试验表明,其防治效果为水稻纹枯病59.1%~74.1%,且使用浓度250、500倍的情况下,对其平均防效与5%井冈霉素WC200倍相当;防治稻曲病效果为56.3%~73.6%,250倍明显高于20%三唑酮EC1000的防治效果;防治黄瓜白粉病效果为63.6%~78.0%,在使用浓度250、500倍的情况下,对其平均防效优于0.3%多抗霉素AS 800倍处理。50%竹焦油用量以500倍为宜。因此,竹焦油EC对3种病原菌均有较好的防治效果是一种高防效低残留安全性好的新型广谱性杀菌剂。 相似文献
7.
黑龙江沙棘干缩病病原菌的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2006-2007年分秋、春、夏3次采集大果沙棘干缩病感病植株感病部位组织,分离纯化、鉴定获得8个真菌菌株.根据Koch's证病法则,选择分离自具有明显干缩病症状植株感病部位的分离物的孢子作为致病性测定用接种体,分别采用菌剂灌根、干部刮伤涂抹菌剂的方法对沙棘幼苗和12年生沙棘进行接种后,引起与自然发病相一致的症状,对接种发病的植株再分离获得3个菌株.对上述菌株进行形态学及分子生物学测定,将其鉴定为拟枝孢镰孢菌.该病原菌可生长在沙棘的叶部、枝干部及根部,生长在不同部位的菌株存在致病力上的差异.该病原菌在大果沙棘上的危害在黑龙江省尚属首次报道. 相似文献
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为寻找马尾松松毛虫的生物防治1种有效方法,笔者对400亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌WP进行了4种浓度、4种用药后时间的方法进行对比差异实验。结果表明:400亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌WP3 000 g/hm2对马尾松毛虫具有较好的防治效果,药后7 d防效达90.33%,药后15 d防效达96.00%。400亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌WP防治马尾松毛虫杀虫速度快、效果好,是马尾松毛虫1种有效的生物防治措施。 相似文献
10.
自2003年4月开始,对河北省主要果树苹果、葡萄、梨树、桃树、杏树、核桃等6个树种的VAM菌根资源进行了调查,测定其侵染率及其根际土壤中真菌孢子含量。同时进行苹果幼苗接种实验,探讨了接种方法,观测接种苹果苗根系生长情况。观测发现:在苹果、葡萄、梨树、桃树、杏树、核桃等6个树种的根际土壤中分布着球囊霉属、无轴孢囊霉属、巨孢囊霉属等3个菌属;通过对苹果组培苗接种后4周的观察,发现根系生长接种的与不接种的有显著差异;从不同地区、不同树种分离出的菌种,在苗木上接种后其生长状况有显著差异,同一树种上菌种接种后,苗木生长效果最好。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献