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本试验采用农业防治和化学防治两种方法防治红麻病虫害,试验结果表明,托福灵是一种高效低毒杀菌剂,对红麻立枯病和炭疽病有较好防治效果.辛硫磷是一种长效高效杀虫剂,对红麻地下害虫和根结线虫病有较好防治效果.轮作也是防治根结线虫病的有效办法.Bt乳剂对红麻造桥虫有很好的防治效果. 相似文献
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红麻是一种重要的纤维作物,但在生产上的一个严重问题是易感染根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp)。现将国内外红麻根结线虫病发生及其防治试验研究概况整理记述如下。 1927年,Hartly首先发现西爪哇地区有根结线虫为害红麻。此后,世界各产麻国对根结线虫病作了报道。在我国,张锦泉和来元直在1951年报道了我国浙江红麻根结线虫的为害情况。本世纪七十年代以 相似文献
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红麻是一种重要的纤维作物，但在生产上的一个严重问题是易感染根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp)。现将国内外红麻根结线虫病发生及其防治试验研究概况整理记述如下。 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病是我县红麻生产中的主要病害之一，严重阻碍了红麻生产的高产优质。红麻根结线虫病易发于连作红麻地块，随着红麻连作地块的增加和连作年限的延长，其危害日益加重。为了减轻红麻根结线虫病的危害，提高红麻的单产和品质，增加农民收入，近年来，我们大力推广了红麻根结线虫病综合防治技术，取得了显著的增产效果。１ 红麻根结线虫病及其危害红麻根结线虫病是红麻主要病害之一，由病原线虫侵染根系而引起。线虫侵入红麻后，病株根系产生许多瘤状突起，使红麻根系功能减退，麻株生长缓慢。叶片发黄，植株矮小，生长发育不良。… 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病(Meloidogyne sPP)是红麻上的一种主要病害，在我国发生已久，为害普遍。国内外的文献中曾见过一些病原线虫种的报道，但这些报道中很少有涉及寄主和红麻根结线虫相互作用的内容。我们于1983-1986年对我国红麻上的根结线虫小种进行了初步研究，现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病(meloidogyne spp)是红麻上的一种主要病害,在我国发生已久,为害普遍。国内外的文献中曾见过一些病原线虫种的报道,但这些报道中很少有涉及寄主和红麻根结线虫相互作用的内容。我们于1983～1986年对我国红麻上的根结线虫小种进行了初步研究,现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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茶苗根结线虫病是国内外茶树种植区苗床茶苗毁灭性病害。本文主要探索利用氨水防治茶苗根结线虫病的可能性。试验表明,防治效果与施药(氨水)穴距和施剂量有密切的关系,穴距10×10cm、剂量20ml 的防治效果可达62.6—92.5%,对照区只有12.1 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病在我国各麻区分布广泛，危害严重。但迄今未见较系统的研究报道。为今后更好地防治此病提供依据，我们自1981年6月5日至9月20日在萧山县西兴公社红麻病地上对此病的消长情况、根结线虫的种类及其在红麻上的生活史等，进行了初步调查研究，结果如下： 相似文献
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红麻是一种重要纤维作物,随着红麻造纸工业的开发,它在我国国民经济中的地位将不断提高。目前生产上存在的一个主要障碍是病虫害,尤其是土传病害对其产量和品质的影响。据研究报道,我国红麻产区主要土传病害有由南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)1号和2号小种,爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)和花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)2号小种诱致的根结线虫病,立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia 相似文献
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试验表明，用占种子重量0．3％的50％多菌灵WP、77％多宁WP、70％甲基硫菌灵WP拌种，对亚麻出苗生长安全，保苗和防治效果较好。 相似文献
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Walter M. Morgan 《Crop Protection》1984,3(3):349-361
The effect of combinations of night ventilation regimes and fungicide treatments on levels of downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) was investigated in a November-sown glasshouse lettuce crop. Environmental regimes were allocated in a randomized-block design to glasshouse compartments in which fungicide treatments were applied to sub-plots from which sub-sub-plots were harvested on each of four dates. The benefit of night ventilation was strikingly shown. It was almost as effective as the systemic fungicide metalaxyl which gave complete control of B. lactucae for 20 weeks after its incorporation in the peat blocks. A ‘heat-purging’ treatment increased the incidence of downy mildew, while other fungicidal regimes failed to control late infection. In the period close to cutting, when fungicide usage is not permitted, night ventilation may be the only effective means of controlling the disease. 相似文献
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The use of azoxystrobin (Quadris) for early blight control often results in potato vines remaining greener later in the growing season. This observation has lead to the suggestion that nitrogen (N) fertilizer could be applied at lower rates when azoxystrobin is used in a fungicide program since high N rates are sometimes used to help manage early blight. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of azoxystrobin for control of early blight under various N fertility management regimes and to determine if azoxystrobin affected plant N fertilizer requirements. Plots were established in 1999 and 2000 at Becker, MN, on a Hubbard loamy sand as a complete factorial, split-plot arrangement using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fungicide treatments were used as the whole plot factor and included an untreated control, chlorothalonil, and azoxystrobin rotated with chlorothalonil. Fertility treatments were used as the sub-plot factor and included N applied at three levels (170, 250, and 340 kg ha?1) and two timings (all prehilling or pre- and post-hilling). Early blight was problematic in 1999 and both early and late blight were severe in 2000. Significant interactions were observed between fungicide and fertility treatments for disease control. Control of diseases with fungicides was generally more effective at higher N rates regardless of N application timing. When azoxystrobin was used in the fungicide program, N rate was not as critical in managing foliar disease. In 1999, an interaction was not observed between N rate and fungicide treatment for yield. Yields increased with increasing N rate regardless of fungicide program. However, a significant interaction did occur between N rate and fungicide treatment in 2000 where yields decreased linearly in the control with increasing N rate, increased linearly with N rate using chlorothalonil, and did not respond significantly to N rate using azoxystrobin/chlorothalonil. Results of this study indicate that interactions between the incidence of early/late blight disease and N requirement for potato may depend on the rate of vine death and conditions affecting tuber maturity. At equivalent N rates, post-hilling N tended to depress yield regardless of fungicide program, suggesting that under the conditions of this study late season N is not an effective practice for managing foliar diseases such as early or late blight. 相似文献
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Florida strawberry farmers usually rely on weekly calendar fungicide applications to prevent yield loss from Botrytis fruit rot (BFR). The Strawberry Advisory System (SAS), which helps optimize the timing of fungicide applications, is an additional tool in the farmers' arsenal of disease control options. This study uses data from two-year production trials in Florida combined with historical strawberry prices to measure the economic performance of the Calendar and SAS-based BFR management practices under output price risk and producers' risk preferences. We use Monte Carlo simulation to model the effect of the variability in weekly output prices on farm returns. Results reveal that the traditional calendar-based system is not the least risky BFR management option as growers expected to be. SAS-based options such as SAS-Switch and SAS-Luna would be preferred by both risk-neutral and risk-averse producers and are recommended under high disease pressure conditions. 相似文献
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8种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,本研究选择了8种药剂,在马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式下进行晚疫病防治的药效比较试验。结果表明,不同处理均对地上垄体栽培模式下马铃薯晚疫病具有防治和保产的效果。其中,在马铃薯晚疫病发病前期喷施的保护性杀菌剂种中,60%百泰的防治和保产效果最好,防效达79%以上,增产43.54%;其次是银法利,防效达70%以上,增产42.55%。在发病中期喷施的治疗性杀菌剂中,防效和保产效果最好的药剂为50%安克,防效达73%以上,增产36.71%。 相似文献
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A protectant fungicide (Captan, a.i. captan) and a systemic fungicide (Switch, a.i. fludioxonil + cyprodinil) were evaluated as pre- and post-inoculation applications for control of anthracnose fruit rot (AFR), caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, under a short (6 or 8 h) or long (18 or 24 h) wetting period. Evaluations were conducted for two seasons in Maryland and for two seasons in Florida. Both Captan and Switch were very effective for control of AFR when applied prior to inoculation, but control was more effective under the shorter wetting period. Switch was as effective when applied 4, 8, or 24 h post-inoculation as when applied before inoculation, but control was better under the short wetting period. Captan was effective when applied 4 or 8 h after inoculation under the short wetting period, but was ineffective at 24 h post-inoculation. Post-inoculation sprays of Captan were ineffective at any time under the long wetting period. The post-infection activity of Switch allows greater flexibility for managing AFR when fungicide applications are scheduled based on weather-based decision-support systems. 相似文献
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Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass. 相似文献