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《作物杂志》2016,(1)
为了解胡麻粗脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分在RIL群体中的分离分布规律,以DYM(♀)和STS(♂)构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体及其亲本为材料,分析了粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸等品质性状在RIL群体中的分布规律及其相关性。结果表明,上述品质性状在RIL中呈连续变异,各成分含量的频次、偏度和峰度表现均符合正态分布,同时存在超亲分离现象,表现为数量性状遗传。群体中粗脂肪含量的遗传倾母本遗传,而5种脂肪酸含量均倾双亲平均值遗传。油酸与粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量呈显著负相关,与亚油酸呈极显著负相关,与硬脂酸呈极显著正相关;亚麻酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸含量呈极显著负相关,亚油酸与棕榈酸含量呈显著正相关。同时筛选出了16份品质优异的株系供育种利用。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2016,(9)
为探明亚麻种籽油脂开发利用价值,采取索氏提取法和气相色谱法对其种籽含油量、脂肪酸成分及其相关性进行了研究分析。结果表明,亚麻种籽含油量较高,最高可达39.92%,超过36.57%的有5个品种。亚麻籽油主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸组成,其含量均值达99.09%,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为84.29%~92.25%,均值达89.36%,明显高于棉花籽油、橄榄油和大豆油;其油脂多不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸含量丰富,变幅为42.79%~57.06%,均值为49.51%,表现远高于菜籽油、大豆油、棉籽油、红花籽油、橄榄油和葵花籽油;单不饱和脂肪酸油酸则表现仅明显优于红花籽油和棉籽油。相关分析表明,亚麻籽油分与油酸、α-亚麻酸呈负相关,与亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸呈正相关;α-亚麻酸与油酸和亚油酸存在显著负相关;γ-亚麻酸与油酸、亚油酸存在正相关,其中与亚油酸达显著水平;亚油酸与油酸存在负相关。分析可见,亚麻种籽具有适宜含油量和丰富不饱和脂肪酸,其亚麻酸含量优势明显,表明优异亚麻种质对于品质育种具有重要价值,对特种食用植物油和相应高脂肪酸保健食品极具开发利用前景。 相似文献
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东北地区大豆品种资源脂肪酸组成的分析研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
测定2341份我国东北地区大豆品种资源5种脂肪酸含量。以亚油酸含量最高,45—62%。平均含量依次为亚油酸>油酸>棕榈酸>亚麻酸>硬脂酸。分析比较结果,各脂肪酸含量,不同种皮色、脐色、结荚习性、叶形和花色品种间存在显著差异。棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,不同栽培类型、不同粒形品种间有显著差异。硬脂酸、油酸和亚麻酸 相似文献
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敌草快对成熟期胡麻脱水和种子质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为适应机械化收获的需要,以胡麻品种‘晋亚12号’为材料,研究化学催熟剂敌草快对胡麻脱水和胡麻种子质量的影响。在80%的胡麻蒴果变为黄褐色时,进行田间喷施敌草快试验,测定胡麻含水量和发芽率、千粒重、脂肪酸组成等品质指标。结果表明:敌草快水剂喷施6天后,胡麻脱水效果显著,植株和籽粒含水量分别为14.2%、4.2%,与对照相比,植株和籽粒含水量分别下降48.36%、39.13%。同时,喷施敌草快对胡麻种子千粒重和发芽率没有显著影响,但能显著提高胡麻含油率和亚麻酸含量,并显著降低油酸和硬脂酸含量,从而促进胡麻品质的提高。因此,建议加快敌草快在胡麻催熟用途方面的农药登记。 相似文献
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我国主栽棉花品种的棉籽油资源评价与分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
【目的】探讨不同地区、不同棉花品种棉籽油脂肪酸含量与组成的差异。【方法】以收集于我国棉花主产区的82份棉花品种的棉籽为试验材料,采用索氏法提取种子中粗脂肪,并利用气相色谱法分析脂肪酸组成和含量,最后通过聚类分析等分析脂肪酸组成与棉花品种和产地之间的内在联系。【结果】棉籽仁脂肪总含量在188.4~302.8 mg·g~(-1),平均为249.52 mg·g~(-1)。棉籽仁中主要脂肪酸为亚油酸(104.88~180.68 mg·g~(-1))、棕榈酸(41.53~69.77 mg·g~(-1))、油酸(28.29~48.86 mg·g~(-1))和硬脂酸(3.56~6.8 mg·g~(-1));各品种脂肪酸含量具有差异。聚类分析表明,棉籽脂肪酸总含量和脂肪酸组成与产地具有相关性。【结论】本研究筛选得到棉籽脂肪酸总含量以及油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸高的材料,明确了82份种质资源的棉籽油分特征、特性和利用价值。 相似文献
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J. D. Lee M. L. Oliva D. A. Sleper & J. G. Shannon 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(4):320-324
Soya bean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes with modified unsaturated fatty acid profiles in seed oil have been developed. Higher oleic (18:1) and lower linolenic (18:3) acids are desirable for increased use of soya bean oil in food and industrial applications. The environment affects levels of unsaturated fatty acids in soya bean and it is important that desired components of seed oil are produced across a range of growing conditions. Our objective was to determine whether irrigation affects fatty acid levels in soya bean with altered fatty acid profiles. Seven modified oil genotypes which included elevated oleic acids, and/or reduced linolenic acid, along with two common soya bean varieties were evaluated with and without irrigation (rain fed) in four environments in each of 2 years. Irrigation generally had no significant influence on unsaturated fatty acid accumulation in seed oil in soya bean genotypes with altered fatty acid profiles. However, irrigation tended to show desirable effects on 18:1 and 18:3 contents in the genotypes studied. Oleic acid tended to be higher in eight of the nine genotypes and linolenic acid was lower in six of the nine genotypes under irrigation vs. rain fed treatments. 相似文献
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大豆脂肪酸组分的胚、细胞质和母体遗传效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用5个大豆品种配制20个杂交组合,采用广义种子遗传模型分析了大豆脂肪酸组分的胚、细胞质和母体植株等3套遗传体系的基因主效应和基因型×环境效应。棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量和亚油酸含量是以基因型×环境互作效应为主。亚麻酸和油酸的遗传主效应和基因型×环境互作效应相近。在脂肪酸组分的遗传主效应中,棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量是以胚主效应为主。油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以细胞质主效应为主。在基因型×环境互作方差中,脂肪酸组分以极显著的胚互作方差为主。亚麻酸含量是以基因的加性效应和加性×环境互作效应为主,棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量、油酸含量和亚油酸含量以基因的显性和显性×环境互作效应为主。棕榈酸含量和油酸含量是以普通狭义遗传率为主。硬脂酸、亚油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以互作狭义遗传率为主。在普通狭义遗传率中,棕榈酸含量、油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以细胞质普通遗传率和母体普通遗传率为主。在互作狭义遗传率中,油酸含量和亚麻酸含量以胚互作狭义遗传率为主,亚油酸含量以母体植株互作遗传率为主。棕榈酸含量、硬脂酸含量、油酸含量和亚油酸含量以细胞质及母体选择响应和互作选择响应为主,亚麻酸含量的胚普通选择响应和互作选择响应为主。 相似文献
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文冠果不同群体果实和种子性状综合评价研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过文冠果不同群体的果实数量和质量性状以及相应的种仁含油和脂肪酸成分含量调查,研究文冠果的群体差异。结果表明,不同文冠果群体在成熟果数量、干果重与相应的种子数和千粒重等性状上变异较大,其中7#群体表现较好,其相应值分别(8.9±0.4)个、(39.40±0.8) g、(23.5±0.5)粒和(809.1±9.5) g。不同群体的脂肪酸含量和种仁油脂肪酸化学成分含量分析亦存在差异,其中7#群体的含油量和脂肪酸成分结构中碳数≤18的脂肪酸的相对含量最高,分别为(59.27±0.42)%和87.75%。 相似文献
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The accumulation pattern in developing seeds and its relation to fatty acid variation in soybean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sixty soybean cultivars from Japan and the USA formed five maturity groups (IIb‐Vc) based on number of days from sowing to flowering and number of days from flowering to maturity. Highly significant intervarietal differences in fatty acid composition were found in all the maturity groups, especially in IIc. Stearic and oleic acids showed a larger variation than palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Principal component analysis suggested that the total variation of fatty acid composition depended mainly on the desaturation levels from oleic to linoleic acid. Three cultivars exhibiting unique fatty acid composition, together with a standard cultivar, were examined for the contents of the five fatty acids, as well as crude oil at eight seed‐filling stages. For all four cultivars, it was found that crude oil content increased sigmoidally with advancing filling stage, and that the accumulation patterns of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids were similar to that of crude oil. However, the accumulation pattern of stearic acid was different from that of crude oil and divided the cultivars into two distinct groups. For oleic acid, only the cultivar ‘Aburamame’ showed a rapid increase in proportion with advancing filling stage, although not differing markedly in accumulated content from the other cultivars. These results indicate that analysing the accumulation patterns of fatty acids could explain the latent genetic variation in fatty acid composition of soybean seeds. 相似文献
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以58份不同类型(野生、半野生和栽培)大豆种质为材料,利用32对SSR标记分析大豆种质间的遗传多样性和进化关系,采用NIRS和GC方法分别分析大豆脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分含量,研究不同类型大豆种质油脂组成特点及其与演化的关系。结果显示,野生大豆和栽培大豆的油脂组成存在显著差异,栽培大豆脂肪含量(平均20.8%)显著高于野生大豆(平均10.49%),油酸含量(平均28.5%)显著高于野生大豆(平均14.37%),而亚麻酸含量却显著低于野生大豆;由相关性分析可知,大豆种子中的脂肪与油酸含量显著正相关(r=0.85^**),而与其他脂肪酸组分极显著负相关;油酸与所有其他脂肪酸组分均负相关,特别是与亚麻酸和亚油酸呈极显著负相关(r=.0.90^**和.0.89^**);油脂组成和SSR标记对不同类型大豆种质的聚类和主成分分析表明,2种分类结果基本一致,可分为栽培和野生2个亚群,半野生大豆则分布于2个亚群中。由此可见,大豆油脂组成与大豆种质的驯化程度有关,脂肪含量和亚麻酸含量可以作为大豆演化分类的参考指标。 相似文献
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The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the simultaneous analysis of seed weight, total oil content
and its fatty acid composition in intact single seeds of rapeseed was studied. A calibration set of 530 single seeds was analysed
by both NIRS and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and calibration equations for the major fatty acids were developed. External
validation with a set of 75 seeds demonstrated a close relationship between NIRS and GLC data for oleic (r = 0.92) and erucic
acid (r = 0.94), but not for linoleic (r = 0.75) and linolenic acid (r = 0.73). Calibration equations for seed weight and
oil content were developed from a calibration set of 125 seeds. A gravimetric determination was used as reference method for
oil content. External validation revealed a coefficient of correlation between NIRS and reference methods of 0.92 for both
traits. The performance of the calibration equations for oleic and erucic acid was further studied by analysing two segregating
F2 seed populations not represented in the calibration set. The results demonstrated that a reliable selection for both fatty
acids in segregating populations can be made by using NIRS. We concluded that a reliable estimation of seed weight, oil content,
oleic acid and erucic acid content in intact, single seeds of rapeseed is possible by using NIRS technique.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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S. Spasibionek 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):259-267
Seeds of the winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) line PN 3756/93 were treated with ethyl methanesulphonate to induce mutations in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. The seed mutagenic treatment was repeated in the M2 generation. After treatments, individual seed and plant selections were made for changes in fatty acid composition during several generations of inbreeding. Self‐pollinated plants with changed fatty acid compositions were inbred to obtain genetically homozygous and stable mutant lines. Two mutants, M‐10453 and M‐10464, with increased levels of oleic acid (approximately 76%) and reduced linoleic and linolenic acid contents (8.5% and 7.5%, respectively) were selected. Gene or genes controlling desaturation of oleic acid were probably mutated in these plants. The third mutant, M‐681 had a very low linolenic acid content (approximately 2.6%) and increased linoleic acid content (approximately 26%). This would suggest the occurrence of mutations in genes controlling linoleic acid desaturation. The results of selection work during several generations showed that the environment had substantial influence on the composition of seed oil. This made the search for mutants with modify fatty acid compositions difficult. The induced mutants are not directly usable as new varieties, but can be used as parents in crosses for the development of high quality rapeseed varieties. 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜DH群体主要品质性状相关性及主成分分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了研究甘蓝型油菜品质性状之间的相关性,以期有效的改良油菜的品质性状,将170份DH纯系群体于2009-2012年进行田间试验,检测油菜种子品质性状,对其表型、相关性及主成分进行分析。结果表明：亲本中芥酸含量的变异系数最大(相差15.53%)。油菜DH群体中硫甙含量的变异幅度最大(128.43μmol/g饼粕),饱和脂肪酸的变异幅度最小(1.97%)。DH群体的品质性状表型变异幅度显示出了超亲遗传的现象。除了芥酸,含油量与其他组分呈现出极显著的负相关,特别是与蛋白质含量的负相关系数最大(-0.72)；蛋白质含量与油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和硫甙含量均呈极显著的正相关,与含油量和芥酸呈极显著的负相关；除了蛋白质,其他组分含量皆与硫甙含量呈现出极显著或者不显著的负相关。通过主成分分析可将品质性状综合为油酸亚油酸酸因子,蛋白质因子,亚麻酸因子和硫甙因子,累积贡献率达到93.94%,基本反映甘蓝型油菜DH系群体脂肪酸组分信息。 相似文献
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本研究选用了3个品质类型的5个春大豆品种,研究荚果发育过程中脂肪含量及其组分的动态变化.结果表明:脂肪含量随着开花天数的增加呈上升趋势,始花后68d达到最大值,5个品种表现一致的规律性;26～32d脂肪含量增加较为缓慢,开花32～50d是脂肪含量快速增加时期,50～68d增长缓慢;脂肪酸组分中亚麻酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸所占比例呈降低趋势,亚油酸呈升高趋势,油酸先升高后降低;5个品种脂肪含量和油酸所占比例与始花后天数都呈极显著正相关关系;亚油酸所占比例与始花后天数没有达到显著正相关水平;硬脂酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸所占比例与始花后天数呈负相关,但个别品种未达到显著水平;脂肪及其组分所占比例表现不同程度的相关性,脂肪与亚油酸、油酸呈显著或极显著正相关,脂肪与亚麻酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸呈显著或极显著负相关关系. 相似文献
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油茶生长发育过程中脂肪酸成分的测定分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了研究油茶生长发育过程中脂肪含量及脂肪酸成分的变化,分析测定2个油茶品种在不同生长时期油茶籽中的脂肪酸成分。采用索氏提取法提取油茶籽中的脂溶性成分,经甲酯化处理后用气象色谱分离和鉴定,运用面积归一法确定各成分的相对百分含量。结果表明,在整个发育过程中油脂形成有两个高峰,分别在9月上旬和10月上旬;种子种脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸,油酸含量最高,其次是亚油酸和油酸,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主,其中油酸呈明显上升趋势,棕榈酸和亚油酸呈明显下降趋势,硬脂酸呈小幅上升趋势,亚麻酸呈小幅下降趋势。 相似文献