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麦秸还田与氮肥运筹对超级稻强弱势粒粒重与品质的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以两个超级稻品种（籼稻扬两优6号和粳稻南粳45）为材料,设置麦秸还田和氮肥运筹两种处理方式,研究其对籽粒粒重与主要米质的影响。结果表明,两处理的影响程度在品种类型与不同粒位间（强、弱势粒）存在差异。与麦秸不还田相比,麦秸还田提高籽粒千粒重、粗蛋白含量和崩解值,降低了整精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量和消减值;与m基蘖肥∶m穗粒肥=5∶5处理相比,m基蘖肥∶m穗粒肥=7∶3处理增加了千粒重、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、崩解值,降低了整精米率、粗蛋白含量和消减值。两处理对弱势籽粒千粒重、整精米率、垩白度等的调控作用显著大于强势粒;对千粒重、整精米率、粗蛋白含量等的影响,麦秸还田与氮肥运筹之间存在互作效应;麦秸还田方式下,氮肥比例控制在5.5∶4.5或6∶4左右,可以较好地协调粒重与米质。 相似文献
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不同施氮处理对不同类型粳稻产量与品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用裂区设计,研究了不同氮肥施用量和不同施用比例(基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例)对穗重型品种绥粳4号和穗数型品种垦鉴稻6号产量和稻米品质的影响。试验结果表明,穗重型品种在纯氮用量为150 kg/hm2、基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例为7∶3时产量最高,达8 750.2 kg/hm2;穗数型品种在纯氮用量为128 kg/hm2、基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例为7∶3时产量最高,达9 083.3 kg/hm2;合理施用氮肥可以改善稻米品质,特别是蒸煮食味品质,本试验条件下纯氮用量为128 kg/hm2时大米的品质最佳。 相似文献
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氮肥运筹对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以北方超级稻沈农265为材料,研究了氮肥运筹对水稻产量形成及氮素利用率的影响.结果表明:施纯氮210kg/hm2,且基蘖肥与穗粒肥比为6∶4时,由于单位面积有效穗数较其他处理提高2.4％～21.1％,致使产量提高3.3％～20.2％;同一基蘖肥与穗粒肥施用比例下,随施氮量的增加,沈农265的总吸氮量呈上升趋势,而氮素利用率有下降趋势;不同施氮量条件下,穗粒肥比例增加有利于总吸氮量和氮素利用率的提高;适宜施氮量和基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例,能为水稻整个生育期提供比较平衡的氮素供应,提高氮肥利用效率,协调产量构成因素,从而提高产量,节本增效. 相似文献
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水资源匮乏严重制约着我国水稻产业的发展。以节水、省工、节本、增效为特点的水稻旱直播轻简化栽培技术逐渐受到人们的重视。以旱直播对寒地水稻空育131品质的影响进行研究,结果表明:与对照相比,旱直播下空育131的蛋白质含量极显著增加,粒宽显著增加,精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、米饭食味评分极显著降低,精米长宽比显著降低。说明旱直播水稻栽培下空育131的加工和食味品质下降、外观与营养品质得到改善。旱直播水稻要得到充分发展,与之配套的各项技术仍需很大的提升。 相似文献
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水稻精确定量栽培技术通过前氮后移,合理调整基蘖肥与穗粒肥施用比例,能够达到增产增效的结果。研究表明:采用茎蘖肥与穗粒肥6:4的比例,提高了有效分蘖,较常规生产增加水稻产量,单位面积增幅达13.3%,增效163.5元/667 m2。 相似文献
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WEN Chunyan# XIONG Yunhua# YAO Xiaoyun CHEN Chunlian HU Biaolin HUANG Yongping WU Yanshou 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(6):574-585
【Objective】We aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen application on yield, rice quality and processing characteristics in noodle-specific rice.【Method】The experiments were conducted with three rice varieties suitable for making rice noodles(R0734, R2149, Jiazao 66), one variety commonly used for making rice noodles(Zhenguiai) and one variety unable to be processed into rice noodles(R0711) at three nitrogen levels with 90, 140, 190 kg/hm2 in 2018 and 2019.【Result】1) With the increasing nitrogen application levels, the yield of each varieties increased, but for R0734 and R2149 the grain yield maximized under the medium nitrogen level of 140 kg/hm2 in 2019; noodle-specific rice varieties, R2149 and Jiazao 66, had extremely high yield advantages, achieving the highest yield at the nitrogen levels of 140 kg/hm2 and 190 kg/hm2. Nitrogen application increased the effective panicle number, while the 1000-grain weight decreased. 2) As more nitrogen was gradually applied, gel consistency and protein content increased while amylose content decreased, fluctuating between 21.4% and 26.5%, which also brought about a downward trend in peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity. Breakdown reduced significantly and setback increased significantly. 3) With the increase of nitrogen application, the broken rate and cooked loss rate of rice noodle increased significantly, but both were below 10%. R2149 and Jiazao 66 were more sensitive to nitrogen levels than R0734, but had better processing properties.【Conclusion】The amylose contents ranging from 21% to 27%(about 24% is the best) are favorable, so that the amylose content will not seriously exceeded the suitable range for processing at different nitrogen application levels in field cultivation. Moreover, due to the increase in the amount of nitrogen application, the processing characteristics of noodle-specific rice are deteriorated. Thus it is necessary to apply relatively low nitrogen in condition of its high yield level. In the breeding, the major parents with moderate amylose contents and better processing characteristics should be selected for high-yielding noodle-specific rice variety. 相似文献
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氮是植物体内氨基酸、蛋白质、核酸、辅酶以及光合色素分子等的组成成分,因此,氮的营养状况与许多生理过程密切相关。针对水稻氮肥用量过高这一突出问题,本试验研究了氮肥施用总量对北方粳稻产量及其构成因素、叶面积指数、干物质积累、群体库容量以及品质特征等方面的影响,进一步明确不同氮肥施用量条件下北方粳稻产量和品质形成的调控机制。结果表明,施氮量的增加对叶面积指数、光合势及群体生长率有促进作用,随着施氮量的增加,水稻最高茎数、最高分蘖数、分蘖穗数和分蘖穗比例有逐渐增加的趋势;增加施氮量会导致整精米率、蛋白质含量上升,精米白度、食味值、峰值粘度、最低粘度、崩解值、最终粘度值降低,但不同施氮量对直链淀粉含量影响不大。 相似文献
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淮北地区机插超级粳稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究淮北地区不同氮肥水平下粳型超级稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用特征。在大田机插条件下,以常规中熟中粳超级稻和非超级稻(对照)为试材,设置3个氮肥水平即0、225、300 kg/hm2。从产量构成因素、干物质和氮素积累、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数等角度分析不同氮肥水平下粳型超级稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用特征。结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加超级稻平均产量呈增加趋势,对照产量则是先增加后减少。粳型超级稻最高产量平均值较对照最高产量平均值高10.98%。与对照相比,超级稻在3个氮肥水平下每穗粒数和群体颖花量高,结实率和千粒重与之相当;群体茎蘖移栽后早发快长,最终成穗率高;拔节前叶面积指数和光合势比对照低,拔节后比对照高,超级稻粒叶比在3个氮肥处理下均高于对照;拔节前,超级稻干物质积累量比对照低,而拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段干物质积累量分别比对照高7.77%和6.96%;植株氮素阶段积累量和植株阶段吸收速率,移栽至拔节、拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段超级稻均比对照高。淮北地区粳型超级稻籽粒产量在3个氮肥处理下均表现出明显的增产优势。超级稻移栽后叶面积指数、粒叶比和光合势较高,最终茎蘖成穗率高;穗型大,群体总颖花量高,穗后干物质积累量多;生育期相近的中熟中粳超级稻产量高于对照与其较强的氮素吸收特性有关。 相似文献
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WANG Feng CHENG Fang-min ZHANG Guo-ping 《水稻科学》2007,14(2):135-140
A japonica variety and its iso-allelic mutant with high tillering ability were used to investigate the differences in grain yield and quality among different tillers. There was a distinct difference in panicle weight among tillers during grain filling for both genotypes, with Xiushui 11 having a greater increase rate in panicle weight, and being earlier in reaching the maximum panicle weight than the mutant. There was a great significant difference between the two genotypes in grain yield and its components, with Xiushui 11 having higher grain yield, more grains per panicle, higher filled grain percentage and grain weight than the mutant for each type of tiller. Moreover, a significant difference was found in grain yield and yield components among different tillers for both genotypes, with grain number per panicle showing the greatest variation over tillers among all yield components. Compared with Xiushui 11, the mutant had higher brown rice rate and greater ratio of length to width of brown rice, and lower chalky rice rate, amylose content, and protein content of rice. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in grain quality among tillers within a plant for both genotypes, with later initiated tillers being lower in chalky rice rate, amylose and protein contents than early initiated ones. The variation of most quality parameters among tillers within a plant was markedly larger for the mutant than for Xiushui 11. 相似文献
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实地氮肥管理对不同氮响应粳稻品种产量和品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】本研究旨在阐明实地氮肥管理对不同氮响应粳稻品种产量、氮肥利用效率和稻米品质的影响。【方法】以4个粳稻品种(淮稻5号、连粳7号、宁粳1号和扬粳4308)为材料,设置了氮空白、农民常规施肥和实地氮肥管理3个氮肥处理,观察了不同氮肥处理下产量构成、氮肥利用效率和稻米品质的变化特征。【结果】与农民常规施肥相比,实地氮肥管理显著提高了水稻的产量和氮肥利用效率。实地氮肥管理显著提高了水稻的整精米率、胶稠度、热浆黏度和崩解值,显著增加了稻米中清蛋白和谷蛋白的含量,显著降低了垩白度、直链淀粉含量和糊化温度。依据不同品种在较低施氮量下产量和氮肥利用效率的响应,将供试品种分为A型(淮稻5号和连粳7号)和B型(宁粳1号和扬粳4038)。与氮响应B型品种相比,氮响应A型品种的整精米率、清蛋白和谷蛋白含量、崩解值较高,垩白度、直链淀粉含量、消减值较低。【结论】实地氮肥管理可以提高不同粳稻品种的产量和氮肥利用效率,对氮响应A型品种的效果更为明显,其米质对氮肥的响应更为敏感。 相似文献
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目的 为了探明氮肥施用量对不同米粉稻品种的产量、稻米品质和加工特性的影响,【方法】2018-2019连续两年以筛选出的适宜作米粉专用稻的3个品种(R0734, R2149, 嘉早66)、生产上常用作米粉加工的品种（珍贵矮）以及加工米粉未能成型的品种（R0711）作为供试材料,设置90、140、190kg/hm2三个纯氮水平。结果 1）各品种产量随着施氮量的增加而增大,但2019年R0734和R2149品种在中氮条件140 kg/hm2下产量达最高;其中米粉专用稻R2149和嘉早66极具产量优势,两者分别在140和190 kg/hm2施氮水平下达到最高。氮肥施用使有效穗数增大,而千粒重减小。2）随着施氮量的增加,米粉稻直链淀粉含量显著降低,在21.4%~26.5%波动,胶稠度增长,蛋白质含量增大;最高黏度、热浆黏度和最低黏度有减小趋势,崩解值显著减小,消减值显著增大。3）随着施氮量的增加,米粉稻断条率和蒸煮损失率显著增大,但均在10%以下;品种R2149和嘉早66较R0734来说,虽然对氮肥更敏感,但加工特性较佳。结论 米粉专用稻应选择直链淀粉含量在21%~27%范围的品种,24%左右则最佳,这样在实际生产中直链淀粉含量受氮肥影响不至于严重偏离适宜加工的范围;又由于施氮量的增加使米粉稻加工特性变差,因此,米粉专用稻栽培过程中,需在保证丰产同时,结合生产实际施用相对较低的氮肥;在米粉专用稻选育上,应选择直链淀粉含量适中、加工特性更佳的骨干亲本作为中间材料,培育高产米粉专用稻。 相似文献
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氮肥用量和播期对优良食味粳稻直链淀粉含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以直链淀粉含量不同的半糯粳稻新品种(系)为材料,设置高氮(450kg/hm~2)、中氮(300kg/hm~2)、低氮(150kg/hm~2)和不施肥(CK)4个氮肥水平,分期播种并进行短日照处理,研究了氮肥用量和播期对优良食味粳稻直链淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,氮肥用量对优良食味粳稻的直链淀粉含量有显著影响,随着氮肥用量的增加,直链淀粉含量有降低的趋势,两年均以高氮处理的直链淀粉含量最低。播期对优良食味粳稻的直链淀粉含量也有显著影响,随播期的推迟,直链淀粉含量呈降低趋势,这主要与抽穗后6~15d的温度有关,高温可使直链淀粉含量提高。短日照处理的结果也证实了这一点。 相似文献
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XIA Qiongmei HU Jiaquan DONG Linbo QIAN Wenjuan HE Yongfu LI Guiyong LONG Ruiping ZHU Haiping YANG Congdang 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(3):266-277
【Objective】The objective is to study the effect of reducing and postponing nitrogen application from earlier stage to later stage on population quality and yield, and to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency for japonica rice on paddy-upland crop rotation in Yunnan Province.【Method】With two conventional japonica rice varieties(Huijing 17 and Chujing 28) as materials, a field plot experiment was carried out at six nitrogen application levels (270 kg/hm2, 243 kg/hm2, 216 kg/hm2, 189 kg/hm2 and 162 kg/hm2 with the corresponding basal, tillering, spikelet-promoting and spikelet-sustaining nitrogen ratios of 5:5:0:0, 3:3:2:2, 2.5:2.5:2.5:2.5, 0:2:5:3, 0:0:6:4, 0:0:0:0).【Result】The yield, over 8 t/hm2 at zero nitrogen fertilizer level in 2016 and 2017, increased significantly with rising nitrogen application level. As compared with conventional fertilization treatment (270 kg/hm2 and 5:5:0:0), with the increasing ratio of spikelet-promoting fertilizer while reduced total nitrogen application rate, an increasing trend was observed in yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The optimum treatment was a reduction of 40% in nitrogen application rate. With the reduction of nitrogen application rate, the yield increased by more than 20% and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased from less than 10 kg/kg to more than 20 kg/kg. After reducing and postponing nitrogen application from earlier stage to later stage, the period of young panicle differentiation was prolonged. With longer functional leaves, the ordinal number of leaf length from the top of 2-3-1-4, the efficient leaf area ratio more than 80%, and appropriate leaf area index at full heading stage, the high photosynthetic efficient population formed, which promoted the differentiation of spikelets. At the same time, the panicle-bearing tiller percentage increased, with a higher population growth rate and dry matter accumulation after heading. 【Conclusion】Optimizing the nitrogen fertilizer management can effectively reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy field and improve grain yield and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice in Yunnan. Among them, spikelet-promoting nitrogen fertilizer application with zero basal-tiller fertilizer in the rice growing season required the least input but generated the most output. 相似文献