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机收再生稻丰产优质高效栽培技术研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
确保粮食安全和资源环境安全是当前中国作物生产面临的两大挑战,劳动力短缺和气候变化进一步增加了这些挑战的严峻性。构建机械化和轻简化的新型水稻集约化栽培技术,实现“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”的生产目标是转型期水稻栽培技术创新的主要方向。再生稻模式作为一种古老的种植技术,具有省工、省力、省种、品质优和增产增效等优点。本文介绍了机收再生稻模式的优势与发展历程,总结了机收再生稻技术在品种选育、肥水管理、留桩高度等方面的研究进展,分析了机收再生稻发展面临的挑战与对策。 相似文献
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【目的】研究明确“水稻-再生稻”体系施用专用肥对产量、产量构成因子、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响,为“水稻-再生稻”的轻简科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】采用多点田间试验,设置不施肥(T1)、当地农民习惯施肥(T2)、专用肥(T3)等3个处理。分别测定不同处理的产量、产量构成因子和氮、磷、钾养分含量,从而计算养分积累量、肥料利用率和经济效益。【结果】施肥可以显著提高稻谷产量,与T1相比,9个试验点的T2处理头季稻和再生稻平均增产56.0%和89.4%;T3处理平均增产75.3%和108.9%;与T2相比,T3处理头季稻、再生稻以及两季总产量分别增加了1006 kg/hm2、356 kg/hm2和1362 kg/hm2,增幅分别为12.4%、10.3%和11.8%。T3处理相较于T2处理,每穗粒数增加了20粒,增幅达到10.5%。养分吸收结果显示,与T2处理相比,T3处理头季水稻地上部氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)的积累量分别增加了7.4%、6.8%和10.2%;再生季分别增加了5.9%、16.6%和24.4%。不同试验点T3处理氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率均有提高的趋势,与T2处理相比,最高分别增加25.3%、93.8%和143.7%。在9个试验点,纯收入平均提高了6.19×103 元/hm2。【结论】专用肥的施用可以显著提高“水稻-再生稻”种植模式稻谷产量,增加地上部养分吸收量,提高肥料利用率,减少施肥次数,提高经济效益。 相似文献
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为了探明轻简栽培方式对中稻+再生稻产量构成特征和经济效益的影响,以黄华占和金农丝苗为材料,于2017年在四川泸州进行不同栽培方式（翻耕移栽、翻耕直播、免耕移栽）的大田试验,分析了中稻-再生稻干物质生产特性、产量、产量构成和经济效益。结果表明,不同栽培方式间头季稻产量差异不显著。翻耕直播头季稻产量较翻耕移栽平均增加3.5%,免耕移栽头季稻产量与翻耕移栽相当。再生季产量表现为翻耕移栽>免耕移栽>翻耕直播的趋势,但各栽培方式间差异不显著。与翻耕移栽相比,翻耕直播头季稻有效穗数较多而每穗粒数较少,成熟期干物质较高而收获指数较低。翻耕直播再生季有效穗数较多而每穗粒数和结实率较少。免耕移栽与翻耕移栽在有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、干物质和收获指数上差异不显著。不同栽培方式之间产值差异较小,但经济效益差异较大。与翻耕移栽相比,翻耕直播、免耕移栽的经济效益分别增加0.4%和6.2%。可见,头季稻高产途径是培育足够的有效穗数和提高千粒重,再生季高产途径是在足穗的基础上,协同提高结实率和千粒重。轻简化栽培技术具有节本、省工、经济效益高等优点,在川东南地区具有很大的发展前景。 相似文献
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种植再生稻是闽北山区提高水稻产量的重要措施。充分利用山区光照、气候条件,推广种植再生稻有利于增产增收,节本增效。文章根据资料和实践介绍了再生稻病虫防治技术措施。 相似文献
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杂交中稻机收蓄留再生稻高产高效栽培技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《杂交水稻》2019,(1):44-46
介绍了重庆地区强再生力杂交水稻机收蓄留再生稻的高产示范效果,总结提出了强再生力品种选用、早播机插、水肥耦合、严防病虫、适时机收等头季稻机收蓄留再生稻的关键技术,建议在全国水稻生产轻简化、机械化不可逆转的发展趋势下,进一步加强农机农艺协作攻关,提高机收效率和再生稻单产水平,进一步促进本技术及4LZ-0.3A小型收割机在西南再生稻区的推广应用,以稳定和恢复再生稻的蓄留面积,发挥中稻—再生稻模式增产增收作用。 相似文献
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再生稻具有一种两收、省种省工、减肥减药、增产增效等优势,是增加复种指数和提高水稻总产的一种种植模式。浙江是长江中下游重要的水稻生产区。本文依据种植品种的类型将浙江再生稻的发展历程分为3个阶段,分别是以籼型早稻为主的起步阶段、以甬优1540为主的转变阶段和以甬优系列品种为主的快速发展阶段。以衢州市为例,再生稻的种植面积和产量在这3个阶段中不断提高,生产效益相较于单季稻和双季稻显著提升。在此基础上,进一步分析了浙江省再生稻发展前景以及高产稳产技术体系缺乏、农机农艺不配套、扶持力度低、品牌创建乏力等问题,并提出了相应的发展策略,以期为浙江省水稻生产方式转型升级提供参考。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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