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1.
The effect of 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of the hydrophilic polymer “Stockosorb K-400” hydrogel (HG) on survival and growth of buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) seedlings grown in sandy soil under drought stress was investigated. The ability of the soil to retain water increased with increasing hydrogel concentrations. The highest level of the HG was capable of changing the typical sandy soil to a loam or even silty clay in terms of water potential and water content. The highest HG concentration prolonged the time of water loss from the soil by about 66% more than the control soil. During drought stress, the seedlings grown in 0.6% HG-mixed soil survived three times as long as those grown in the control soil. Shoot and root growth increased significantly in HG-amended soil as compared with non-amended soil. Plant water potential increased significantly with HG application, thus it aided in the establishment and growth of C. erectus seedlings under water stress conditions. There were no significant differences between 0.4% and 0.6%. The study indicated that an amendment of soil with 0.4% to 0.6% of the hydrophilic polymer “Stockosorb K-400” can be used in arid and semi-arid areas to enhance the drought tolerance of C. erectus seedlings. 相似文献
2.
A pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of inoculating five exopolysaccharide- (EPS-) producing bacterial strains on the dry matter yield and the uptake of K+, Na+, and Ca2+ by wheat seedlings grown in a moderately saline soil. The bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil (RS) of wheat grown in a salt-affected soil and included Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae (strain MAS-765), Bacillus insolitus (strain MAS17), and Bacillus sp. (strains MAS617, MAS620 and MAS820). The inoculation substantially increased the dry matter yield of roots (149–527% increase) and shoots (85–281% increase), and the mass of RS (176–790% increase). All the strains, except MAS617, also increased the RS mass/root mass ratio as well as the population density of EPS bacteria on the rhizoplane, and both these parameters were significantly correlated with the content of water-insoluble saccharides in the RS. Inoculation restricted Na+ uptake by roots, which was not attributable to the binding of Na+ by the RS, or to the ameliorative effects of Ca2+ under salinity. The decreased Na+ uptake by roots of inoculated than uninoculated plants was probably caused by a reduced passive (apoplasmic) flow of Na+ into the stele due to the higher proportion of the root zones covered with soil sheaths in inoculated treatments. Among the strains tested, MAS820 was the most efficient in all respects, whereas MAS617 was the least effective. Results suggested that inoculating selected EPS-producing bacteria could serve as a useful tool for alleviating salinity stress in salt-sensitive plants. 相似文献
3.
Mycorrhiza-released glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) influences rhizosphere properties, but it is not clear whether exogenous GRSP enhances drought tolerance of plants. In this work, easily extracted GRSP (EE-GRSP) was isolated from Satsuma mandarin soil, and half-strength EE-GRSP (0.007 mg protein mL?1) was weekly applied into rhizosphere of potted trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) exposed to well watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). After four months, EE-GRSP-treated seedlings exhibited significantly higher plant growth (plant height, leaf number and fresh weight) and root growth-related parameters (lateral root numbers and root morphology) than non-EE-GRSP-treated seedlings under both WW and DS conditions. Exogenous EE-GRSP generally significantly increased leaf water potential, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration, while dramatically decreased leaf temperature, regardless of soil water status. The seedlings treated with exogenous EE-GRSP observed significantly higher activities of leaf Fe-SOD and root Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Fe-SOD than untreated control under DS. Leaf abscisic acid, indole-acetic acid and methyl jasmonate concentrations were significantly higher in EE-GRSP-treated seedlings than untreated control under DS. This work firstly reported that exogenous application of EE-GRSP improved drought tolerance of trifoliate orange, thereby, offering a strong possibility in favour of EE-GRSP to be used as a plant growth regulator. 相似文献
4.
O. A. Quilambo I. Weissenhorn H. Doddema P. J. C. Kuiper I. Stulen 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1645-1662
The effect of drought stress and inoculation with an indigenous Mozambican and a commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculant on root colonization and plant growth and yield was studied in two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars—a traditional, low-yielding Mozambican landrace (Local) and a modern, high-yielding cultivar (Falcon)—grown in a non-sterile Mozambican soil. In these cultivars, AM mycorrhizal colonization was not substantially reduced by drought stress. Growth and yield of inoculated plants subjected to drought stress were increased in comparison with non-inoculated ones. The indigenous Mozambique inoculant significantly increased leaf and root growth in both cultivars under drought stress by preventing an increase in root weight ratio (RWR) and maximum root-length to leaf-area ratio (MRLAR). The commercial Hannover inoculant had a positive effect on growth only under well-watered conditions, this result was due most likely to a lesser ability to adapt to drought conditions to which the AM fungal strains in Mozambique inoculant are frequently exposed. Such drought-stress effects on growth could be alleviated by inoculation with Mozambique inoculant, particularly because of its ability to decrease sensitivity of the host plant to reduction in leaf expansion. Therefore, an adequate management of the AM symbiosis may improve peanut productivity, particularly under drought stress and in small-scale farming systems. 相似文献
5.
Sk. Z. Ali V. Sandhya Minakshi Grover N. Kishore L. Venkateswar Rao B. Venkateswarlu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,46(1):45-55
A thermotolerant strain AKM-P6 of Pseudomonas sp. possessing plant growth-promoting properties was isolated from rhizosphere of pigeon pea grown under semiarid conditions
in India. The effect of inoculation with AKM-P6 on survival and growth of sorghum seedlings at elevated temperatures (ET)
was investigated under sterile and nonsterile soil conditions. Inoculation with strain AKM-P6 helped sorghum (var CSV-15)
seedlings to survive and to grow at elevated temperatures (47–50°C day/30–33°C night) up to 15 days while uninoculated plants
died by the fifth day of exposure to elevated temperature. Under sterile and nonsterile conditions, significantly higher root
and shoot biomass were recorded in inoculated seedlings as compared to uninoculated control at ET, but this difference was
nonsignificant at ambient temperature. Inoculation induced the biosynthesis of high-molecular weight proteins in leaves under
elevated temperature, reduced membrane injury, and improved the levels of cellular metabolites like proline, chlorophyll,
sugars, amino acids, and proteins. Scanning electron microscopy studies confirmed the colonization and establishment of the
organism on the root surface. The 16SrDNA sequence of the strain AMK-P6 showed 97% homology with that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the existing database. The results indicate that Pseudomonas sp. strain AKM-P6 can enhance tolerance of sorghum seedlings to elevated temperatures by inducing physiological and biochemical
changes in the plant. 相似文献
6.
土壤水分胁迫对红砂幼苗生长和渗透调节物质的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
[目的]探讨干旱与半干旱区受损红砂种群幼苗适宜生长的土壤水分条件,为红砂植被保护、恢复、重建提供理论依据。[方法]采用盆栽试验研究不同土壤水分条件下红砂幼苗生长及渗透调节物质差异。[结果]随土壤水分胁迫程度的加剧,红砂幼苗茎叶总生物量呈明显的减少趋势,其株高呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,而根冠比、根长和根表面积均呈逐步增大的变化趋势,根系生物量呈先增加后减少的变化趋势。随土壤水分胁迫程度的加剧,红砂幼苗茎叶、根组织中脯氨酸含量均表现出明显的增加趋势,而可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的变化相对不明显。[结论]土壤水分胁迫下红砂幼苗可通过调整自身生长和生物量分配来加大根冠比以及通过积累脯氨酸来适应干旱胁迫,维持植株正常生长。 相似文献
7.
干旱胁迫对花生生育中后期根系生长特征的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
花生是较耐旱的经济和油料作物, 长期少雨或季节性干旱是限制花生产量提高的重要环境因子, 也是花生收获前黄曲霉素感染的重要因素。根系是植物吸水的主要器官, 不同土壤水分状况下植物的根系构型可能会表现出显著差异, 进而影响植物根系吸收养分和水分的能力。研究不同土壤水分状况下花生根系形态的发育特征与抗旱性的关系对进一步理解花生的水分吸收、运输、利用和散失机制以及培育抗旱性花生具有非常重要的作用。为明确不同抗旱性花生品种的根系形态发育特征, 探讨其根系形态发育特征对不同土壤水分状况的响应机制, 在防雨棚旱池内进行土柱栽培试验, 研究抗旱型花生品种"花育22号"和干旱敏感型花生品种"花育23号"生育中后期根系生长特征及其对干旱胁迫的响应。设置正常供水和中度干旱胁迫(分别控制土壤含水量为田间持水量的80%~85%和45%~50%)2个水分处理, 分别在花针期、结荚期和饱果期进行取样,根长、根表面积和体积扫描后通过WinRhizo Pro Vision 5.0a程序进行分析; 收获时测定产量和抗旱系数(干旱胁迫处理与正常供水处理下产量之比)。结果表明, "花育22号"具有较高的产量和抗旱系数, "花育23号"对干旱胁迫的适应性小于"花育22号"。抗旱型品种"花育22号"具有较大的根系生物量、总根长和根系表面积, 且深层土壤内根系表面积和体积大于"花育23号"。与正常供水处理相比, 干旱胁迫显著降低2个品种花针期的根系总根长、根系总表面积和总体积, 对结荚期和饱果期根系性状无显著影响; 干旱胁迫增加2个品种生育中后期40 cm以下土层内的根长密度分布比例、根系表面积和体积, 但"花育23号"各根系性状增加幅度小于"花育22号"。干旱胁迫处理下20~40 cm和40 cm以下土层内根系表面积和体积分别与总根长、总表面积和总体积呈显著或极显著正相关, 而正常供水处理下0~20 cm土层内根系表面积和体积与整体根系性状表现极显著正相关。总体而言, 具有较大根系和深层土壤内较多的根系分布是抗旱型花生的主要根系分布特征; 土壤水分亏缺条件下, 花生主要通过增加深层土壤内根长、根系表面积和体积等形态特性调节植株对水分的利用。 相似文献
8.
Akash Tariq Kaiwen Pan Olusanya Abiodun Olatunji Corina Graciano Ningning Li Zilong Li Dagang Song Feng Sun Meta Francis Justine Dan Huang Shanxing Gong Bikram Pandey Muhammad Idrees Mohammed A. Dakhil 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(4):586-596
Drought is one of the major environmental stresses altering forest productivity. However, nutrient availability can modulate drought resistance. Phoebe zhennan (gold Phoebe) is a high‐quality timber‐producing but threatened tree species in China, facing serious anthropogenic disturbances and abiotic constraints that restrict its growth and development. However, little attention has been given to designing adaptive strategies for its management by evaluating the possible role of major nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), on its morphological and physio‐biochemical responses under water stress. To evaluate these responses, a complete randomized design was followed to investigate the effects of two irrigation levels (well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions) and N fertilization treatments (with and without N). Drought stress significantly affected the growth of seedlings, as indicated by impaired photosynthesis, pigment degradation, disrupted N metabolism, over‐production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Nitrogen supplementation under drought stress had remarkable positive effects on the growth through physio‐biochemical adjustments as shown by higher level of nitrogenous compounds and up‐regulation of N‐associated metabolic enzymes activities which might be due to N‐mediated improved leaf relative water contents and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, N application reduced oxidative stress and membrane damage, and maintained a high accumulation of osmolytes. However, in well‐watered seedlings N fertilization significantly improved root biomass and net CO2 assimilation rate suggesting high N‐use efficiency of the seedlings. These findings reveal that drought significantly affects the growth of P. zhennan, while N fertilization plays a crucial role in alleviating water stress damage by improving its drought tolerance potential at low metabolic costs. Therefore, N fertilization could be considered as an effective strategy for the conservation and management of P. zhennan in the face of future climate change. 相似文献
9.
为了比较不同烤烟品种的苗期耐旱性差异,选用河南烟区主栽烤烟品种‘豫烟6号’、‘豫烟10号’、‘豫烟12号’和‘中烟100’为供试材料,利用浓度为15%的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟中度干旱环境,研究不同烤烟品种幼苗生物量、根系形态、叶片气孔特征、叶绿体超微结构和光合参数等指标对干旱胁迫响应机制的差异。结果表明:(1)干旱刺激了幼苗根系生长,抑制了地上种幼苗根冠比均显著提高;‘豫烟6号’和‘豫烟12号’幼苗根系生物量、总根长、根系表面积和根系体积均显著增加,但根系平均直径与对照无显著性差异;而‘豫烟10号’和‘中烟100’根系形态指标增加幅度较小,仅有‘豫烟10号’根系表面积显著增加,而根系平均直径均显著下降。(2)干旱引起‘中烟100’叶片气孔总面积比对照显著增加,‘豫烟12号’仅有气孔长度比其对照增加显著。(3)干旱处理后,‘豫烟6号’和‘豫烟12号’叶绿体整体结构变化不大,而‘豫烟10号’和‘中烟100’中叶肉细胞叶绿体被膜分解,与细胞壁分离;其中‘中烟100’叶绿体平均长度、长宽比和面积均显著降低。(4)与对照相比,干旱组叶片光合作用被抑制,其中‘豫烟10号’和‘中烟100’叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均显著下降,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著上升,说明干旱胁迫下烤烟光合速率下降是非气孔因素所致。(5)干旱胁迫后‘豫烟6号’和‘豫烟12号’叶片叶绿素总量显著增加,而‘豫烟10号’和‘中烟100’却呈下降趋势。结果表明,‘豫烟6号’和‘豫烟12号’是耐旱型品种,而‘豫烟10号’和‘中烟100’抗旱性较差,抗旱能力排序为‘豫烟6号’‘豫烟12号’‘豫烟10号’‘中烟100’。 相似文献
10.
Variable effects of emergence-promoting rhizobacteria on conifer seedling growth under nursery conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Inoculation of white spruce (Picea glauca Voss.) seed with Bacillus polymyxa strain L5 under nursery conditions significantly increased the number of seedlings that emerged after sowing. No significant effects on seedling emergence were detected when white spruce seed was inoculated with Bacillus polymyxa strain L6, or when Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seed was inoculated with either strain L5 or L6. However, white spruce seedlings originating from L5-inoculated seed had significantly lower root dry weights when measured 13 weeks after sowing, and reduced shoot dry weights 26 weeks after sowing compared with uninoculated controls. Inoculation of white spruce seed with strain L6 also resulted in seedlings with decreased root dry weights compared with uninoculated controls 13 weeks after sowing, but the significant inhibition of root growth was not apparent 26 weeks after sowing. Douglasfir seedlings originating from L5-inoculated seed had significantly lower root and shoot dry weights compared with uninoculated controls 13 but not 26 weeks after sowing. Inoculation of Douglas-fir seed with strain L6 resulted in seedlings with decreased root collar diameters and shoot dry weights 13 weeks after sowing, and lower root dry weights 26 weeks after sowing compared with uninoculated controls. These results demonstrate that the effects of bacterial inoculation on seedling emergence and on plant growth are independent, and that emergence-stimulating bacteria may inhibit subsequent seedling growth. 相似文献
11.
Seedball‐induced changes of root growth and physico‐chemical properties—a case study with pearl millet
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下载免费PDF全文 Charles I. Nwankwo Sebastian R. G. A. Blaser Doris Vetterlein Günter Neumann Ludger Herrmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2018,181(5):768-776
Seedball is a cheap “seed‐pelleting‐technique” that combines local materials, seeds and optionally additives such as mineral fertilizer to enhance pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) early growth under poor soil conditions. The major objective here was to study the mechanisms behind positive seedball effects. Chemical effects in the rhizosphere and early root development of seedball‐derived pearl millet seedlings were monitored using micro‐suction‐cups to extract soil solutions and X‐ray tomography to visualize early root growth. Pearl millet (single seedling) was grown in soil columns in a sandy soil substrate. Root and shoot biomass were sampled. X‐ray tomography imaging revealed intense development of fine roots within the nutrient‐amended seedball. Seedball and seedball+NPK treatments, respectively, were 65% and 165% higher in shoot fresh weight, and 108% and 227% higher in shoot dry matter than the control treatment. Seedball+NPK seedlings showed promoted root growth in the upper compartment and 105% and 30% increments in root fresh and dry weights. Soil solution concentrations indicate that fine root growth ass stimulated by release of nutrients from the seedballs to their direct proximity. Under real field conditions, the higher root length density and finer roots could improve seedlings survival under early drought conditions due to better ability to extract water and nutrients from a greater soil volume. 相似文献
12.
Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis,rhizosphere respiration,and fine‐root characteristics of beech saplings: A rhizotron field study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ulrich Zang Michael Goisser Karl‐Heinz Häberle Rainer Matyssek Egbert Matzner Werner Borken 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(2):168-177
Soil drought influences the C turnover as well as the fine‐root system of tree saplings. Particularly during the period of establishment, the susceptibility to drought stress of saplings is increased because of incompletely developed root systems and reduced access to soil water. Here, we subjected beech saplings (Fagus sylvatica L.) to different levels of drought stress. Beech saplings were planted in rhizotrons, which were installed in the soil of a Norway spruce forest before bud burst. Soil moisture was manipulated in the following year during May to September. We measured photosynthetic net CO2 uptake, volume production of fine roots, and rhizosphere respiration during the growing season. Biometric parameters of the fine‐root system, biomass, and nonstructural carbohydrates were analyzed upon harvest in October. Photosynthesis and rhizosphere respiration decreased with increasing drought‐stress dose (cumulated soil water potential), and cumulative rhizosphere respiration was significantly negatively correlated with drought‐stress dose. Fine‐root length and volume production were highest at moderate soil drought, but decreased at severe soil drought. The proportion of fine‐roots diameter < 0.2 mm and the root‐to‐shoot ratio increased whereas the live‐to‐dead ratio of fine roots decreased with increasing drought‐stress dose. We conclude that the belowground C allocation as well as the relative water‐uptake efficiency of beech saplings is increased under drought. 相似文献
13.
不同土壤水分条件下侧柏幼苗的生理活动及氮素分配策略 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以北京地区3年生侧柏幼树为研究对象,采用温室内盆栽试验,设置5个不同土壤含水量水平,采用15N同位素自然丰度法研究不同水分条件下侧柏幼苗的生理活动、生物量分配及氮素吸收和分配情况。结果表明:(1)在水分胁迫下,侧柏单株净光合速率、呼吸速率、蒸腾速率均表现为最低值,随着干旱胁迫解除,含水量增加到正常值,各指标分别增加为原来的4.86,3.74,7.29倍,叶片含水量和叶面积分别增加了24.37%,23.69%;之后当土壤含水量超过正常值时,随着土壤水分含量的进一步增加,各指标略有下降。(2)在水分胁迫下,生物量分配和氮素分配受到抑制。随着含水量增加,生物量分配表现为地上部分>地下部分;氮素分配率表现为根>叶>茎,随着土壤含水量增加根和叶的氮素分配向茎转移。(3)侧柏幼苗在土壤含水量达到70%~80%的田间持水量时,其生长发育表现为最佳状态。 相似文献
14.
Yi-Can Zhang Peng Wang Qing-Hua Wu Ying-Ning Zou Qian Bao 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(4):491-500
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as a biostimulant enhance salt tolerance in plants, while the informations regarding AMF-induced changes in soil structure are only available to a limited degree. In this study, trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings were inoculated with Diversispora versiformis under 100 mM NaCl for 85 days. The salt stress considerably inhibited mycorrhizal colonization by 26%, compared with non-salt stress. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, shoot biomass, and root biomass, length, surface area, and volume in comparison to non-mycorrhizal inoculation under salt stress or non-salt stress. Mycorrhization induced significantly higher production of easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP), and total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP), higher percentage of water-stable aggregates (WSAs) in 0.25–0.50, 0.50–1.00, and 1.00–2.00 mm size, and lower in 2.00–4.00 mm size, regardless of non-salt stress or salt stress. Mycorrhizal soils represented higher aggregate stability (in terms of mean weight diameter) under salt and non-salt stress, which was related with root colonization, root surface area, root volume, EE-GRSP, and T-GRSP. The better soil structure by mycorrhization provided higher leaf water potential under salt stress. It suggests that mycorrhizas had a positive contribution to improve plant growth and soil structure, thereby enhancing salt tolerance. 相似文献
15.
为了探讨施用保水剂对干旱胁迫下大麦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,给保水剂在大麦抗旱栽培中的应用提供理论依据。采用盆栽法通过测定在不同干旱胁迫下大麦幼苗根长、茎长、叶片相对含水量、叶片光合参数、叶绿素含量等指标,结果表明,在同等水分条件下,施用保水剂可增加大麦幼苗根长、茎长及叶片相对含水量,显著增加大麦幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率,说明保水剂可以通过保持大麦叶片较高的光合特性来增强其碳同化能力,进而促进大麦幼苗的生长。且施用保水剂后大麦幼苗叶绿素含量得到显著提高,从而减小了干旱胁迫对植株带来的损害,延缓植株衰老。施用保水剂可以较好地促进干旱胁迫下大麦幼苗的生长发育。 相似文献
16.
以“晋黍8号”黍子幼苗为材料,在大棚内采用盆栽砂培法浇灌营养液,设置重旱、轻旱、正常灌溉、轻涝和重涝5个处理,植株二叶一心时开始胁迫处理,于处理后20d测定植株形态指标、生物量和含水量、叶片质膜透性、光合色素、丙二醛、抗坏血酸、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等指标,研究水分胁迫对黍子幼苗生长、膜脂过氧化和渗透调节的影响。结果表明,正常灌溉下黍子幼苗生长最好,株高、茎粗、茎节数、叶片数、最大叶面积及根系、茎叶、穗的鲜质量、干质量均最大,干旱和涝害下幼苗各形态指标和生物量均明显降低,且重旱和重涝下比轻旱和轻涝下降低更明显;根系、茎叶和穗的含水量在干旱下均明显降低,涝害下表现各不相同。叶片光合色素含量在干旱下显著降低而涝害下无明显变化,质膜透性、丙二醛、抗坏血酸和脯氨酸含量在干旱和涝害下明显增加,且重旱和重涝下比轻旱和轻涝下增加更明显;可溶性糖含量在干旱下明显增加而在涝害下明显降低,可溶性蛋白含量在干旱下显著降低而在涝害下无显著变化。研究说明,干旱和涝害均对黍子幼苗造成过氧化伤害,抗氧化物质和渗透调节物质含量随之增加,但是抗氧化物质的增加并不能完全消除胁迫导致的过氧化伤害,加上光合能力降低,使黍子植株生长显著抑制。在本试验条件下,干旱胁迫对黍子幼苗的伤害比涝害严重。 相似文献
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Muhammad Asif Shehzad Muhammad Maqsood Fahim Nawaz Tasawer Abbas Sanaullah Yasin 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(8):943-955
Terminal drought stress (drought at reproductive growth stage) has been considered a severe environmental threat under changing climatic scenarios and undoubtedly inhibits sunflower production. A field study was conducted to explore the potential role of foliar applied boron (B) (0, 15, 30, 45 mg L?1) at late growth periods of sunflower in alleviating the adversities of terminal drought stress (75, 64, 53 mm DI) grown from inflorescence emergence to maturity stages. The plant water relations such as leaf relative water content (RWC), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), and turgor pressure (Ψp) were increased significantly with B foliar sprays while exposed to terminal drought stress. Foliar B application considerably improved the nitrogen and B concentrations in leaf and seed tissues, and also chlorophyll a and b pigments under terminal drought stress conditions. Drought-induced proline accumulation prevented the damages caused by drought stress, nevertheless, B foliar spray increased its contents. Compared to well-watered conditions, terminal drought stress substantially declined the growth performance in terms of reduced leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and total dry matter (TDM) production; however, foliar B supply (30 mg L?1) might be helpful for improving drought tolerance in sunflower with reduced growth losses. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫及复水对耐旱枸杞水力学特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
耐旱枸杞是西北干旱地区重要的经济作物,为进一步明确枸杞水分运输特性,提高农业生产潜力,在甘肃省古浪县农业示范基地(37.09°N,102.79°E)以2年生‘宁杞1号’、‘宁杞5号’和‘蒙杞1号’3个枸杞品种苗木为试验材料,设计3个处理[N:正常水分;M:中度干旱;S:重度干旱],研究干旱胁迫对光合速率、气孔导度、冠层和根系导水率的影响,以及干旱胁迫后复水对枝条导水率的影响。结果表明:随着干旱程度增加,枸杞冠层、枝条和根系导水率均下降,‘宁杞5号’在干旱胁迫后植株导水率的减小和根系导水阻力在整个植株中所占比例的增大最显著;通过拟合木质部脆弱性曲线发现,‘宁杞1号’导水率损失50%时木质部水势显著高于‘宁杞5号’和‘蒙杞1号’。枸杞叶片净光合速率和气孔导度与植株叶片导水速率具有显著相关性。干旱胁迫复水后植物生长主要取决于根系恢复吸水的能力,干旱胁迫复水4 d后苗木导水率呈现不同程度的恢复,‘蒙杞1号’导水率恢复速度最快,并出现显著补偿效应,恢复速度最慢的为‘宁杞5号’。综合分析表明,枸杞耐旱特性与导水能力有关,根系导水对干旱胁迫的敏感性可以反映植株持续抗旱能力,干旱胁迫复水后根系导水率恢复能力和补偿效应对植株在逆境条件下土壤水分利用具有显著影响,调控根系导水率对于提高土壤水分利用率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Arash Mohammadzadeh Mojtaba Tavakoli Mohammad Reza Chaichi Babak Motesharezadeh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1765-1778
The effect of bacteria inoculation was studied on sunflower growth and phytoremediation capacity in soils contaminated by different levels of nickel. The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of bacteria inoculation – non-inoculated, inoculated by Bacillus safensis, inoculated by Kocuria rosea, and co-inoculated by B. safensis + K. rosea – and four levels of nickel concentrations in the soil – Ni0, Ni150, Ni300, and Ni450 (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg Ni per kg soil, respectively). The treatments were arranged as factorial structure based on a completely randomized design. Results have shown that growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, shoot Fe concentration, root and shoot Zn concentration, and translocation factor decreased as the Ni concentration in soil increased. Shoot and root Ni concentration were higher at Ni450, whereas, the highest Ni uptake by the plant was observed at Ni300 when the sunflower seed was co-inoculated by B. safensis + K. rosea bacteria. Bacteria inoculation significantly increased the plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and Ni uptake. By B. safensis inoculation, the Fe concentration significantly increased in shoot, while it decreased in root. 相似文献