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笼养东方白鹳越冬行为的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用瞬时扫描法研究了东方白鹳（Cionia boyciana）越冬行为的活动节律和时间分配。结果表明：笼养东方白鹳在越冬期其活动有一定的节律性；越冬期的主要行为时间分配比例分别为静栖行为59．25％、避风行为11．17％、觅食行为6．41％、瞭望行为5．56％、理羽行为5．39％、游走行为5.14％；成年个体与幼雏在越冬行为时间分配上表现出了很大的差异；两性间越冬行为时间分配的差异不大；不同的温度、天气条件，对笼养东方白鹳越冬行为有影响。经观察发现：东方白鹳在高纬度北方地区越冬，对北方寒冷的天气有一系列的适应性，能在北方室外安全过冬。 相似文献
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笼养丹顶鹤行为研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究于2005年3月～2006年2月在哈尔滨北方森林动物园内进行,选2对成年丹顶鹤进行了行为观测,结果表明：笼养丹顶鹤繁殖期主要行为活动的时间分配比为采食28.31%、游走22.15%、身体护理21.17%、瞭望13.01%、繁殖行为11.00%、静栖4.36%,且两性间各种行为的时间分配没有明显差异（P＞5%,df=81）;非繁殖期的行为时间分配为采食行为46.65%、瞭望18.92%、身体护理14.72%、游走12.30%、静栖7.40%。笼养丹顶鹤的繁殖行为包括对鸣（6.09%）、炫耀（5.15%）、交尾（4.84%）、营巢（4.65%）、警戒（10.44%）、卧巢（68.83%）等。其中雌鹤用于营巢的时间明显多于雄鹤（P=0.02＜5%）;雄鹤用于警戒的时间明显多于雌鹤（P= 0.006＜1%）。繁殖初期,对鸣、炫耀、营巢、交尾行为的月间差异显著（P＜5%）,是繁殖初期主要的繁殖行为表现,而警戒的月间差异均不显著（P＞5%）。笼养丹顶鹤行为呈现一定的日活动节律。 相似文献
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2014年4~12月,对北方森林动物园从非洲引进的半散养黑冠鹤17只,采用目标取样法和扫描法相结合的方法对其行为进行观察和对比研究。研究结果表明:不同季节对黑冠鹤行为时间分配有明显的影响,觅食行为表现为差异性显著(P≤0.05),护理行为、静栖行为、警戒行为、鸣叫行为、打斗行为表现为差异性极显著(P≤0.01),其他行为表现为差异性不显著。8月不同天气对黑冠鹤行为时间分配的影响表现为:静栖行为表现为差异性显著(P≤0.05),觅食行为、护理行为、游走行为表现为差异性极显著(P≤0.01),其他行为表现为差异性不显著。对比冬季笼养和春季半散养黑冠鹤的行为时间分配研究发现,由于场地大小不同,其行为也存在差异:其中觅食行为、静栖行为、警戒行为表现为差异性极显著(P≤0.01),护理行为表现为差异性显著(P≤0.05),其他行为表现为差异性不显著。因此不同季节对黑冠鹤行为有很大的影响。 相似文献
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为了解扎龙保护区圈养群体亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期越冬行为策略,于2014年11月至2015年3月采用目标取样法和瞬时记录法对圈养2013年和2014年亚成体丹顶鹤进行研究。结果表明,圈养亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期主要以取食行为为主(34.14%),其次为站立行为(15.77%);双因素方差分析显示,温度对越冬期各行为均有显著影响,年龄仅对玩耍行为有显著影响,Pearson相关性分析,温度与取食和游走行为显著正相关,与站立和静栖显著负相关,年龄与玩耍行为显著正相关。表明圈养亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期温度升高时取食和运动,温度降低时站立和静栖,2岁龄亚成体丹顶鹤相较于1岁龄更喜欢玩耍。 相似文献
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本研究选取农大3号节粮小型蛋鸡为试验对象,采用两种饲养模式:单层栖架系统与自由散养。研究单层栖架系统中密度和垫料对农大3号节粮小型蛋鸡行为的影响,并与自由散养模式下舍外运动场中蛋鸡的行为进行对比,从而为单层栖架系统中适宜的饲养密度和合适的垫料提供参考。试验结果表明,在5.5只/m2、9.7只/m2、13.8只/m2三种密度中,刨垫料、沙浴、抖身、梳羽和啄羽等行为均可以得到满足,当饲养密度为13.8只/m2时,进攻啄发生率最低;在砂土、沙子和稻草三种垫料中,刨垫料、沙浴、抖身、梳羽和啄羽等行为均可以得到满足,当沙子作为垫料时,进攻啄发生率最低。单层栖架系统不设运动场,刨垫料、沙浴、抖身、梳羽和啄羽等行为可以基本得到满足,与自由散养模式相比,进攻啄行为显著减少(P0.05)。 相似文献
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环境因素对丹顶鹤越冬行为的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
丹顶鹤在盐城越冬期间各种环境因素对其行为都将产生一定的影响,对此我们进行了观察记录。该项工作主要用8×40、10×50双筒和20倍单筒望远镜实地观察、照相机摄影等直接记录丹顶鹤的各种行为；种群数量计算为直接计数法；气候因子则根据各级气象部门的预报结果,结合观察点温度计等手段测算。结果表明丹顶鹤越冬期间,气候因子的变化是对其行为产生直接影响的主要因素,温度、雨、雾、雪、风等发生大幅度变化时,都将导致越冬期丹顶鹤的行为发生相应的适应性变化,对迁徙行为的影响则更为明显。而食物和水源则通过气候因子的变化和安全度的影响再次反应到丹顶鹤的越冬行为中来。本文最后提出了减轻灾害性天气对丹顶鹤越冬行为的影响建议。 相似文献
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黑龙江七星河国家级自然保护区位于三江平原腹地,是丹项鹤的重要繁殖地,2011年4～5月对保护区繁殖前期的丹顶鹤孵化行为进行了观察,结果表明:丹顶鹤孵化期的各种行为具有较强的规律性,各行为频率依次为:繁殖31.34%、觅食28.26%、警戒20.12%、静栖8.99%、游走4.51%、其他6.78%。在不同繁殖阶段,丹顶鹤各行为的生境分配存在一定差异。在产卵前期,繁殖行为主要发生在芦苇火烧地,觅食行为主要发生在农田;在孵化初期,繁殖行主要发生在苇丛里,觅食行为主要发生在芦苇火烧地。 相似文献
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Daytime behavioural patterns of slow-growing chickens in deep-litter pens with perches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. Behavioural patterns of 4 slow-growing local breeds of chickens in Taiwan and China, Taiwan Country chickens, Beijing Fatty chickens, pure Silkies, and upgraded commercial Silkies, were studied from 5 to 16 weeks of age as a reference of management for commercial production. 2. Fifteen males and 15 females of the same breed were housed in a pen. Every breed had 6 pens and 24 pens were studied. 3. Taiwan Country chickens displayed more aggressive, sexual and feather pecking behaviours, had less resting time, the fastest feeding rate and used perches more often. The fast-growing and heavy commercial Silkies had more feeding activity and less preening activity. They were also similar to the crested and docile Beijing Fatty chickens and had less stand/walking and more resting time. The pure Silky bantams showed much more foraging activity than the other breeds. 4. When males started to display more aggression and sexual behaviour, after 8-12 weeks of age, resting time for all birds started to decline and stand/walking increased. 5. These results could imply that different local breeds need different housing systems for the bird's welfare. 相似文献
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1. The aim was to test whether provision of foraging material and food form influence feather pecking and feather damage in laying hens. 2. From week 19 of age, 16 groups of 11 hens (white Lohman Selected Leghorn hybrids) were kept in pens with or without access to long-cut straw as foraging material and fed on either mash or pellets. 3. Foraging behaviour was increased in hens with access to straw and time spent feeding was increased in hens fed on mash. In addition, hens fed on mash had longer feeding bouts and higher rates of pecking at the food during feeding than hens fed on pellets. 4. There were interaction effects of foraging material and food form on both feather pecking and feather damage. High rates of feather pecking and pronounced feather damage were only found in hens housed without access to straw and fed on pellets. In groups characterised by high rates of feather pecking the hens also showed more severe forms of this behaviour. 5. Differences in the time budgets of hens kept in different housing conditions suggested that birds fed on mash used the food not only for feeding but also as a substrate for foraging behaviour. 6. In order to avoid problems with feather pecking it is recommended that laying hens are provided with foraging material and fed on mash. 相似文献
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1. Large group size and high stocking density can compromise the welfare of poultry. This study, the first in a series of trials to determine the effect of these factors, examined the behaviour of turkeys under conditions in which group size and stocking density would have minimal influence, that is, when the birds were housed as pairs in pens measuring 3.0 3.6 m. 2. The 24 h time-budgets, frequency of comfort behaviours and incidence of injurious pecking were recorded on 12 occasions when the birds were between 4 and 22 weeks of age. 3. Over the duration of the study the proportion of time engaged in drinking or pecking other birds remained constant, but decreased for sleeping, environment pecking, wing-flapping, and running, increased for stretching, and varied throughout for feeding, standing, sitting, strutting, preening whilst standing, preening whilst sitting, and walking. 4. Some of the changes in activity were probably attributable to age effects per se. though other changes may have been related to increased musculo-skeletal weakness. 5. At 18 weeks of age, the turkeys spent a considerable proportion (30%) of time performing a sexual courtship display, strutting. Although the prevalence of this activity subsequently decreased, the likelihood of increased metabolic costs and potential for frustration indicate further investigation is warranted. 6. The turkeys behaved socially and were strongly influenced by social facilitation. 7. There were considerable differences between the behaviour of the turkeys and other common poultry species: the turkeys performed a running or frolicking behaviour and strutting, but did not exhibit other behaviours commonly observed such as dustbathing and ground-scratching whilst feeding. 8. Injurious pecking was infrequent. Only 14 bouts of behaviour likely to cause injury were recorded in 1,656 turkey-hours of continuous observation; no turkey required attention as a consequence of this behaviour. Feather pecking and cannibalism did not occur despite higher than conventional light intensities; the low frequency of injurious pecking could be attributed to the small group size/low stocking density. 相似文献
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Analysis of risk factors for the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hen growers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. Potential risk factors for the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hen growers raised under commercial conditions were investigated on Swiss farms with more than 500 rearing places. On-farm interviews were conducted on a sample of 64 flocks which represented 42.6% of all farms concerned. 2. All variables considered were dichotomised and their univariate correlation with the occurrence of feather pecking was tested for significance at P <0.20 using chi2 tests. Logistic regression with backward elimination was then used with the significant variables to identify the potentially most important factors influencing feather pecking. These variables included stocking density, light intensity, intensity of care, access to elevated perches, access to a roofed and littered outdoor area ('bad weather run'), time of access to the feeding facilities of the housing system, stocking density in the restricted area at the beginning of the rearing period, additional open feeding areas in the beginning and air quality. 3. The final model contained stocking density and access to elevated perches as significant factors (P<0.05). Flocks kept in high density (> or = 10 birds per m2) and with no access to elevated perches were 6.4 (95% Confidence interval 1.7 to 24.2) and 4.0 (95% Confidence interval 1.2 to 12.9) times more likely to be affected by feather pecking, respectively. 4. The study identified 2 risk factors for the occurrence of feather pecking in flocks of laying hen growers reared under commercial conditions. It is concluded that in order to reduce feather pecking chicks should be reared at low density and with access to elevated perches. 相似文献
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A Martrenchar D Huonnic J P Cotte E Boilletot J P Morisse 《British poultry science》1999,40(3):323-331
1. The effect of stocking density on welfare traits of turkeys was studied in 2 experiments. In each experiment 2,633 sexed BUT turkey poults were assigned to 3 rooms, 135 m2 with 1 treatment per room. Because of the large flock size (675,878 and 1080 birds in T1, T2 and T3 respectively) treatments were not replicated 2. Floor space allowances varied according to treatment; for the males: 24 dm2, 18.5 dm2 and 15 dm2 until week 12 and 40 dm2, 31 dm2 and 25 dm2 from week 12; for the females: 16 dm2, 12.3 dm2 and 10 dm2. 2. The scan sampling method in experiment 1 and the focal sampling method in experiment 2 were used to record behaviour at week 6, 9, 12 (males and females), and 16 (males). Birds' ethogram was divided into 7 mutually exclusive behaviours: standing/walking, resting, feeding, drinking, pecking at the environment, pecking at another bird, and preening. Position changes in the pen and the frequency of disturbances of resting birds by other birds were recorded in experiment 2. 3. Gait was assessed at week 12 (females) and week 16 (males). Prevalence of lesions, breast (males), hip and foot (males and females), were recorded at slaughter. Birds were weighed at week 12 (males and females) and week 16 (males). 4. Stocking density had little influence on behaviour except on the frequency of disturbances of resting birds by other birds, which tended to be more frequent at the highest density. 5. Gait deteriorated as stocking density increased. Hip and foot lesions were more frequent at the highest density. Bodyweight decreased significantly with decreasing floor space. 6. The results suggest that turkey welfare was poorer at the highest density than at the 2 lower stocking densities. 相似文献
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Shimmura T Suzuki T Hirahara S Eguchi Y Uetake K Tanaka T 《British poultry science》2008,49(4):396-401
1. The objective of the present study was to examine the behaviour of laying hens in single-tiered aviaries with and without outdoor areas with particular reference to the proportion of each behaviour and the ways it changed. 2. In all, 144 interbred cross layers (WL/RIR cross-breed) were used. At the age of 16 weeks, the hens were divided at random into two groups and moved to single-tiered aviary (SA) and free-range systems (FR, SA with in addition an outdoor range area covered with clover) with 18 hens per pen. Behavioural observations were conducted before, during and after access to the range. 3. All behaviours using the beak (eating, grazing, drinking, preening, aggressive pecking, feather pecking, litter pecking, object pecking and mate pecking) were recorded as pecking behaviour. 4. While most of the FR hens spent their time outside foraging, the proportion of hens eating, preening, litter pecking, object pecking, aggressive pecking and feather pecking was higher in SA than in FR hens. 5. The proportion of hens performing pecking behaviour of all types was very similar in SA (61.7 +/- 2.0%) and in FR (64.0 +/- 0.8%). The proportion of hens performing overall pecking behaviour increased as pre-laying sitting decreased. 6. The proportion of hens feather pecking decreased in FR during access to range and a similar tendency was found for aggressive pecking. 7. In conclusion, the total proportion of hens pecking was almost the same regardless of whether an outdoor area was provided or not, but the incidence of different types of pecking behaviour differed between SA and FR. The risk of feather pecking in FR may be lower when an outdoor grazing area is provided, although further testing on a larger scale would be essential. 相似文献
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1. The effect of the presence of loose feathers (on the floor) on the behaviour and plumage condition of laying hens (Lohmann Silver, LS) was studied during the rearing and laying periods. 2. From one day old, 60 birds in each of 4 straw-bedded pens (n = 240 in total) with 6.5 birds/m(2) were either kept under conventional rearing and management conditions (CT: control group with feathers on the floor; n = 120) or in pens from which the feathers were collected from the floor 4 times/week (FR: feathers removed; n = 120). Fifty birds from each of these 4 groups (n = 200 in total) were randomly selected at the age of 16 weeks and allocated to 4 identical pens in a poultry layer house (PH; with perches and 1/3 slatted floor) with access to an outside area (winter garden, WG) at a stocking density of 6 birds/m(2) in both PH and WG. 3. Observations on feather pecking and other behaviours (feeding, drinking, preening, standing, sitting, foraging, moving and dust bathing) were carried out at 8 ages: 6, 10, 15 (rearing period), 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 weeks (laying period). Feather scoring was carried out at 15, 32 and 39 weeks of age. 4. There were no differences in feather pecking rates, forms (gentle, severe and aggressive pecks) as well as in the plumage condition between groups at the end of the rearing period. 5. Birds in the FR group exhibited lower rates and less severe feather pecking during the laying period. Accordingly, birds in the control group had worse feather condition at 32 and 39 weeks of age. Feather pecking rates within groups were, in general, greater in the afternoon compared to the morning periods. Birds in the control group were more active in walking. 6. Wings, rump, tail and back were the main targets for feather pecking. The majority of feather pecking occurred on the floor (66%) followed by feeding area (26%), perches (4%) and slats (4%). 7. Our results suggest that loose feathers on the floor may play an important role in the development and severity of feather pecking behaviour in laying hens and support the hypothesis (McKeegan and Savory, 1999) that feather pecking can be viewed as redirected foraging behaviour. 相似文献
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2006年5月1日～7月18日,对哈尔滨北方森林动物园1对笼养灰鹤繁殖期行为进行观察,研究表明：笼养条件下,灰鹤静立（雄31．08％,雌35．81％）、理羽（雄19．81％,雌12．45％）、采食（雄13．23％,雌15．09％）行为比例较高,而繁殖行为占总行为时间比例雄鹤为2．49％、雌鹤为10．30％。灰鹤各行为日节律不明显;静立、理羽、休息和繁殖行为的发生受天气状况影响显著,尤其是静立和理羽差异极显著。灰鹤雌雄行为差异性在中期较显著,就整个繁殖期看,受天气状况的影响行为差异不显著。 相似文献
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廖晏如周晓亮朱冰润李晓民 《野生动物》2014,(1):95-98
黑龙江洪河国家级自然保护区位于中国三江平原东北部。保护区内植被保存原始,为白枕鹤提供着良好的繁殖和栖息环境。2011年6～7月,对白枕鹤夏季行为进行了观察,结果表明白枕鹤在夏季行为具有很强的规律性,以频率论,依次是觅食54．67％、行走24．67％、警戒8．44％、静栖7．11％、理羽4．78％、其他0．33％。通过数据分析对白枕鹤在不同天气的行为比例进行了对比,阴雨（小雨）和晴天对白枕鹤的行为影响不大。通过对白枕鹤的春夏季各行为对比研究,发现自枕鹤行为也有季节性的不同。 相似文献