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试验旨在探讨饲养密度对黄羽肉鸡舍内有害气体、粉尘及微生物的影响.选用1 440只21日龄苏禽黄鸡(公雏),随机分成3个饲养密度组,即8只/m2组(低密度组,LSD)、16只/m2组(中密度组,MSD)、24只/m2组(高密度组,HSD),每组3个重复,共9间鸡舍,每间饲养面积均为10 m2.试验期为21 d.结果表明:HSD组42日龄肉鸡鸡舍内二氧化碳、氨气含量显著高于其他两组(P＜0.05);LSD组28日龄肉鸡鸡舍内粉尘含显著低于其他两组(P＜0.05);LSD组28、35、42日龄肉鸡鸡舍内空气中大肠杆菌的含量显著高于其他两组(P＜0.05),且LSD组42日龄肉鸡鸡舍垫料中大肠杆菌含量显著高于HSD (P＜0.05).由此可知,夏季适当降低饲养密度可以改善平养肉鸡舍中有害气体和粉尘状况,但对降低鸡舍中微生物含量效果不佳. 相似文献
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水帘和半封闭蛋鸡舍内微生物、氨气浓度比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较南方高温高湿气候下水帘蛋鸡舍和半封闭蛋鸡舍内微生物、氨气的分布规律,2栋存栏分别为5 000只产蛋鸡的水帘舍和半封闭鸡舍内,人工清粪,分产蛋初期、高峰期与下降期监测舍内空气中微生物和氨气;每栋鸡舍共9个采样区,试验期25周.结果表明,产蛋初期,舍内空气中细菌总数和大肠杆菌数在两舍之间差异不显著;产蛋高峰期和下降期,细菌总数和大肠杆菌数均表现为水帘舍显著高于半封闭合,水帘鸡舍中风机端显著高于中部和水帘端.产蛋下降期半封闭鸡舍内平均氨气浓度显著高于水帘鸡舍.提示,在人工清粪(不设粪沟)的水帘蛋鸡舍内,需注意改进清粪系统和加强消毒,以提高生物安全. 相似文献
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AOS-80空气净化机对冬季鸡舍空气的净化作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在有窗或无窗密闭式鸡舍中,舍内产生的有毒有害气体、微生物和粉尘对鸡的健康与生产性能有很大的影响。本研究选用AOS-80空气净化机,测定其对冬季蛋鸡舍空气的净化效果。选取尺寸、样式和饲养密度等完全相同的2栋蛋鸡舍做对比试验,2栋鸡舍通风采用自动控制装置。在试验鸡舍的屋架上按米字形均匀安装6台净化机,测定2栋鸡舍舍内有毒有害气体和空气细菌总数的浓度。结果表明:2栋鸡舍在适当通风条件下(使舍内温度维持在(15±0.1)℃,对照鸡舍和试验鸡舍的空气细菌总数平均浓度分别为33.3cfu/L和10.6cfu/L(P<0.01),净化机使之降低68.2%;NH3的平均浓度分别为1.71mg/m3和1.22mg/m(3P<0.01),净化机使之降低28.6%;H2S的平均浓度分别为0.670mg/m3和0.643mg/m3(P<0.05),净化机使之降低4.03%;蛋鸡平均周死亡率分别为0.997%和0.607%(P<0.01),净化机使之降低39.0%。本研究结果表明,舍内安装空气净化机能显著降低鸡舍空气细菌总数和有毒有害气体浓度,降低蛋鸡死亡率。 相似文献
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笼养蛋鸡舍排出空气净化装置对空气卫生指标与气流的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《畜牧与兽医》2017,(8):39-42
为了研究蛋鸡舍排出气体处理方法,使用轻钢结构为框架、活性炭纤维过滤网为介质构建排出空气净化装置对笼养蛋鸡舍排出空气进行过滤处理,初步探讨该装置对鸡舍排出空气卫生指标和气流的影响。结果显示:笼养蛋鸡鸡舍排出空气经过空气净化装置处理后,空气中粉尘浓度、细菌总数和大肠杆菌数分别比处理前降低了46.54%、91.16%和95.99%(P0.05),但导致鸡舍进风口的风速显著降低(P0.05)。鸡舍安装空气净化装置对鸡舍排出空气具有良好的净化效果,空气净化装置的材料有待进一步改进。 相似文献
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为调查安徽省不同类型的商品肉鸡舍内冬季环境指标情况,选取三种不同类型的肉鸡舍,按照日龄不同每种肉鸡舍各选6栋,检测肉鸡舍的主要环境指标,主要有氨气、二氧化碳、硫化氢、一氧化碳、温度、湿度、微生物等,分析各环境因素间的相关性及其与鸡舍结构和鸡群日龄等的关系。结果显示,所检测的大部分鸡舍环境均不符合标准,其中舍内氨气含量、温湿度、细菌超标严重,二氧化碳和一氧化碳含量超标稍轻,氨气浓度和细菌数与鸡舍结构、温湿度及饲养鸡群日龄大小显著相关(P<0.05)。试验结果说明鸡舍结构、通风和加温方式是影响舍内有害气体含量、温湿度及细菌数的主要因素。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究载铜硅酸盐纳米微粒(CSN)对黄羽肉鸡肠道菌群、氮代谢和排泄物氨逸失的影响。将420只1日龄岭南黄羽肉鸡随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复70只(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+2 g/kg CSN。试验期50 d,分1～21日龄和22～50日龄2个阶段。测定指标包括平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比,50日龄盲肠内大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、总好氧菌和总厌氧菌的数量,21日龄和50日龄盲肠内容物的pH,饲养过程中鸡舍内氨气浓度的动态变化,血清和粪便中的黄嘌呤氧化酶活性及尿酸、尿素氮、氨态氮含量。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,CSN组黄羽肉鸡各生长性能指标均无显著变化(P>0.05),但CSN具有降低22～50日龄和1～50日龄阶段料重比的趋势。2)CSN显著降低了50日龄黄羽肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌和总好氧菌数量(P<0.05),显著增加了盲肠乳酸杆菌和总厌氧菌数量(P<0.05),显著降低了21日龄黄羽肉鸡盲肠pH(P<0.05),且具有降低粪便pH的趋势(P>0.05),而50日龄黄羽肉鸡盲肠pH和粪便pH均无显著变化(P>0.05)。3)CSN显著降低了21日龄黄羽肉鸡血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和50日龄黄羽肉鸡粪便尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。4)CSN显著降低了19、25、31、37、43、49日龄时鸡舍氨气浓度(P<0.05)。结果提示:CSN能调节肠道微生物区系,促进有益菌的生长,抑制有害菌的生长,影响体内的氮代谢,从而可在一定程度上降低排泄物氨的逸失。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同来源木聚糖酶及其组合对木聚糖的水解效果,并研究不同木聚糖水解产物对细菌增殖及大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞黏附性的影响。试验用木聚糖酶A和木聚糖酶B分别来源于毕赤酵母和米曲霉。采用木聚糖酶A、木聚糖酶B、组合酶1(木聚糖酶A∶木聚糖酶B=3∶7)、组合酶2(木聚糖酶A∶木聚糖酶B=1∶1)、组合酶3(木聚糖酶A∶木聚糖酶B=7∶3)分别水解木聚糖,然后测定木聚糖水解产物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌增殖和大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞黏附性的影响。结果表明:1)2种木聚糖酶有一定的组合效应,木聚糖酶A、木聚糖酶B、组合酶1、组合酶2、组合酶3组木二糖和木三糖的总含量分别为95.70%、86.79%、93.11%、94.55%和87.55%,其中木聚糖酶A组木二糖含量最高,组合酶2组木三糖含量最高。2)培养20 h时,5种木聚糖水解产物对大肠杆菌的增殖(以菌液吸光度值表示)没有产生显著影响(P0.05);培养20和30 h时,5种木聚糖水解产物显著促进枯草芽孢杆菌的增殖(P0.05);培养13和17 h时,5种木聚糖水解产物显著促进乳酸杆菌的增殖(P0.05)。3)5种木聚糖水解产物均可以显著降低大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞的黏附率(P0.05)。由此可见,通过不同来源木聚糖酶及其组合水解木聚糖,可以产生以木二糖和木三糖为主要组分的水解产物,从而起到促进枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌增殖、减少大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞黏附的作用。 相似文献
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The study was conducted to detect the indoor environmental quality parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. In the process of feeding, the same farming house in the same farm was chosen to carry out the test. The indoor ambient temperature, humidity and the air quality were determined in chicken house in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in 4 different positions in the house. The experiment period was from 3 to 6 weeks of broilers.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the ambient temperature between autumn and winter during experimental period (P >0.05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter (P <0.05).The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter, while ammonia level in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide in the house was significantly higher in winter than that in autumn (P <0.05). The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn (P <0.05). The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter, the humidity was reduced, the carbon dioxide concentration was increased, and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased.So, the ventilation should increase at the same time of heating in winter. 相似文献
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Salmonella in birds is a concern because of the human foodborne illness associated with the consumption of poultry meat and eggs. One of the methods of transmission of Salmonella within a flock can be by the air. Therefore, we used reduction of transmission of Salmonella to monitor the effectiveness of the electrostatic space charge system (ESCS). During the average broiler breeder laying cycle of 40 wk, a large amount of dust becomes airborne and accumulates on walls, ceiling, and equipment. Many microorganisms adhere to these dust particles, making dust an excellent vector for horizontal disease transmission between birds.We used two environmentally controlled rooms containing commercial broiler breeders to evaluate the effectiveness of an ESCS that produced a strong negative electrostatic charge to reduce airborne dust and, subsequently, microorganism levels. The ESCS caused the dust to become negatively charged, therefore moving to the grounded floor in the treatment room. The use of the ESCS resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.0001, 61% reduction) in airborne dust concentration levels, which resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.0001, 76% reduction) in total airborne bacteria and gram-negative bacteria (48% reduction) in the treatment room. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) of gram-negative bacteria (63% reduction) on the egg collection belts were also recorded in the treatment room, which resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) of gram-negative bacteria (28% reduction) on the eggshell surface. The ESCS treatment resulted in fewer Salmonella enteritidis-positive hens and their progeny from the treatment room due to reductions of dust and airborne bacteria. In addition, this significant reduction in bacteria on the eggshell surface should result in less bacteria in the day-old chicks, therefore better early chick livability. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in egg production, male or female body weights, mortality, or reproductive performance in the ESCS room compared with the control room. 相似文献
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Three air contaminants that may have serious health consequences to humans and poultry are ammonia, dust, and aerosolized bacteria. This study measured ammonia concentrations, dust concentrations, and the presence or absence of aerosolized Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli inside and outside five commercial layer facilities. The average outside ammonia concentration measurements decreased as the distance from the facility increased from 10 to 40 ft. The measurements at 10 ft from the facilities were consistently higher than the average concentrations inside the facilities. The ammonia measurement trends inside of the facilities were affected by the temperature-dependent ventilation systems. Average dust concentrations inside the five facilities were consistently below 2 mg/m3. Three facilities also experienced average outside dust concentrations at all measured distances below 2 mg/m3. Two facilities had relatively high average dust measurements at 10 ft from ventilation fans (32.12 mg/m3 and 75.18 mg/m3). Escherichia coli and Salmonella were isolated from the air inside all five facilities and outside the facilities up to 40 ft from the ventilation fans. In condusion, dust concentrations may pose the largest risk to human and animal health at 10 ft away from the poultry facilities; risks associated with ammonia inhalation are greatest inside facilities during the coolest months of the year; and aerosolized bacteria are found inside and outside poultry facilities, but further work is needed to quantify the bacteria to further assess the health risk related to this issue. 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(2)
Casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk with multiple functions. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of CGMP as a potential feed additive on growth performance,intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier permeability and inflammatory responses of Escherichia coli K88(E. coli K88) challenged piglets. Eighteen weaning piglets were randomly assigned to three groups.Control group and K88 challenged group received a basal diet, and CGMP treated group received the basal diet supplemented with 1% of CGMP powder. The trail lasted for 12 days, K88 was orally administered to the piglets of K88 challenged group and CGMP treated group on days 8-10. The results showed that the diet containing 1% CGMP significantly alleviated the decrease in average daily gain(P 0.05),increase in pathogenic bacteria amounts in intestinal contents(P 0.05), intestinal morphology(P 0.05) and barrier permeability damage(P 0.05), and acute inflammatory response(P 0.05)induced by E. coli K88 infection. In conclusion, CGMP supplementation in the diet protected the weaning piglets against E. coli K88 infection. 相似文献
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目的观察微电流对水体中细菌的杀灭效果,为养殖业污水消毒寻找新方法提供理论支撑。方法通过开展悬液定量杀菌试验、影响因素测定试验和模拟现场试验,对微电流杀灭大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的效果进行研究,探讨温度和pH值对消毒效果的影响,并以人工湖水和养殖场污水为消毒对象进行模拟现场试验。结果微电流消毒作用4 min时,对4种菌悬液的杀灭对数值均>5.0。温度和pH值对微电流消毒效果无影响。利用微电流对人工湖水和养殖场污水进行消毒,作用4 min时杀菌率达到99.99%,水中细菌基本已被杀灭;作用5 min时,水中细菌菌落总数下降至0 CFU/mL,能达到完全杀灭细菌的效果。结论微电流对畜禽养殖污水中常见细菌具有杀灭作用,在畜禽养殖业消毒方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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乳酸菌和纤维素酶制剂对小麦秸黄贮饲料品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究青贮添加剂对小麦秸黄贮饲料品质的影响,试验设置4个处理(每处理3个重复),分别为对照组、乳酸菌(LAB)(2.5g/t)处理组、纤维素酶(CE)(2.5g/t)处理组、乳酸菌+纤维素酶(LAB+CE)(2.5g/t+2.5g/t)处理组。结果显示:各添加剂处理均显著降低小麦秸黄贮饲料的pH值、氨态氮含量(%,总氮)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量(P<0.05),同时显著提高了乳酸、总酸和粗蛋白质(CP)含量(P<0.05)。试验表明,青贮添加剂处理能够明显改善小麦秸黄贮饲料的发酵品质,提高小麦秸的饲用价值。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对9～24周龄育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化及粪便特征的影响。将600头9周龄平均初始体重为（22.96±0.09）kg的商品猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复40头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1和T2组肥猪分别饲喂基础日粮+100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）,试验共进行15周。结果：与对照组相比,T2组15?w育肥猪体重显著提高4.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组1～15?w育肥猪的平均日增重较对照组分别显著提高3.81%和5.35%（P＜0.05）,饲料报酬分别显著提高4.44%和4.44%（P＜0.05）。T1和T2组育肥猪干物质表观消化率分别较对照组显著提高8.75%和9.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1组育肥猪有机物表观消化率较对照组显著提高了6.13%（P＜0.05）。日粮添加100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌可以显著降低6和15?w育肥猪粪便中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组15?w育肥猪粪便中乳酸杆菌数量也显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加100～200?mg/kg饲用枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）可改善9～24周龄育肥猪的饲料报酬,改善干物质表观消化率,降低粪中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量。
[关键词]育肥猪|枯草芽孢杆菌|生长性能|养分消化|粪便特征 相似文献
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试验旨在对商品肉鸡层叠式立体养殖模式的环境参数进行监控,分析不同季节笼养肉鸡环境参数的差异,为科学养殖提供数据支撑。选择规模化肉鸡养殖场的同一栋鸡舍,在秋季和冬季饲养周期中,采用分次多点测量法,连续监测3~6周龄肉鸡舍内温度、湿度和空气质量,测定点均匀分布在舍内4个位置,比较秋季和冬季舍内环境参数的变化。结果显示,在肉鸡生长后期,冬季舍内环境温度略高于秋季,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;秋季舍内湿度显著高于冬季（P＜0.05）,两个季节的温湿度均可满足不同日龄肉鸡生长需求。有害气体和微生物检测结果显示,冬季舍内氨气浓度略高于秋季,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;冬季舍内二氧化碳浓度显著高于秋季（P＜0.05）;同时冬季舍内空气微生物总菌数显著高于秋季（P＜0.05）。层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍内温度在不同季节可保持恒定;在冬季饲养期,舍内湿度降低,二氧化碳浓度升高,空气微生物总菌数升高。因此,冬季饲养肉鸡在做好保温的同时应适当增加通风换气。 相似文献