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山羊养殖多以肉用为主,肉用山羊的生产性能与养殖户的经济效益直接相关。本文分析了品种、年龄、性别、饲养方式、营养、环境等因素对肉用山羊生产性能(包括繁殖性能、生长发育性能、屠宰性能和肉品质)的影响,养殖业主可结合自身实际,采取综合措施,努力提高山羊的生产性能。 相似文献
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养猪的关键所在是母猪,而母猪的繁殖性能又起着举足轻重的作用,繁殖性能作为衡量母猪生产性能高低的一项重要指标,越来越受到种猪场及养殖专业户的重视。包括产仔性能和哺育性能,而产仔性能包括产仔数、产活仔数、初生成活率、初生重、初生窝重;哺育性能包括20日龄窝重(泌乳力)、断乳重、断乳窝重、断乳仔数、断乳成活率等指标。 相似文献
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为了解雏鹰黑猪新品系培育所取得的进展,分别对雏鹰黑猪新品系进行了繁殖性能、生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉品质等测定,其中,选择300窝测定繁殖性能,50头生长育肥猪(30~100 kg)测定生长性能,16头育肥猪[(101.9±7.4)kg]测定屠宰性能、肌肉品质。结果表明,在繁殖性能方面,雏鹰黑猪新品系母猪窝平均产仔数11.53±2.41头、平均活仔数(11.18±2.45)头、初生重(1.36±0.42)kg;在生长性能方面,雏鹰黑猪新品系平均日增重达(610±6.4)g、料重比约3.4:1;在屠宰性能方面,雏鹰黑猪新品系屠宰率为74.09%、瘦肉率为57.33%、平均背膘厚34.49 mm;肉色鲜红,pH和大理石纹适中。由此可以得出,雏鹰黑猪新品系与国内外优良品种相比在繁殖性能、生长性能、屠宰性能等方面的性状,均已达到理想水平。雏鹰黑猪新品系的培育已经取得较大进展。 相似文献
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大通牦牛是世界上第一个在高原高寒自然生态条件下人工培育成功的牦牛新品种。是含野牦牛基因的肉用型牦牛品种。它具有生产性能(特别是产肉性能)高、生长发育快、繁殖性能好、抗逆性能强、体型外貌高度一致、遗传性能稳定等 相似文献
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财务绩效是财务管理和决策对实现生产经营目标和最终经营业绩的贡献。财务绩效是资金来源配置、资产管理和成本控制效果的综合反映。对于公司来说,管理人和企业投资人共同关注的问题是企业金融管理。财务管理绩效指标评估通常是公司财务绩效管理过程中的一个重要核心内容,其通过科学的财务指标和方法,客观、真实地评价企业的财务贡献。随着我国经济进入新常态和会计电算化的普及,饲料行业也正处于整合和改革的关键时期,也面临着新的挑战。针对饲料加工企业财务绩效评价,优化财务绩效评价体系建设,可以促进饲料加工企业财务工作全面健康发展。本文介绍了基于饲料加工企业的财务绩效评价体系的优化构建方法,并研究其管理应用价值。 相似文献
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The objectives for this study were to 1) determine the relationship between sexual performance class and lambs sired in a competitive mating environment, and 2) determine whether the male-oriented ram test is valid. Fifteen 2- to 3-yr-old whitefaced rams classified as female-oriented, with high or low sexual performance, or classified as male-oriented were used in a multiple-sire breeding arrangement. Five groups of approximately 200 ewes each were exposed for 21 d to 3 rams per group consisting of 1 ram from each class. Rams were blocked for sexual class, and those with close genetic relationship were assigned to different pens. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood collected from 15 rams, 934 ewes, and 1,757 lambs. Up to 4 microsatellite markers were used to determine a lamb's sire. Of 884 ewes with identifiable lambs (known sires), 178 ewes had single lambs, 408 had multiples sired by 1 ram, and 298 had multiples sired by more than 1 ram. The sexual partner preference test used to identify male-oriented rams did not absolutely reflect their sexual performance during competitive breeding. In contrast to only mounting and servicing males in preference tests before breeding, male-oriented rams sired 480 lambs from 330 ewes. Serving capacity tests predicted sexual performance of high and low sexual performance rams. High performance rams impregnated more ewes (499 vs. 258; P < 0.05) and sired more lambs (756 vs. 357; P < 0.05) than did low performance rams, respectively. Low performance and male-oriented rams did not differ for ewes impregnated or lambs sired. We conclude that 1) sexual partner preference tests used to classify male-oriented rams were not absolute in reflecting their breeding performance in a competitive breeding environment; 2) serving capacity tests predicted that high performance rams would breed more ewes than low performance rams and sire more lambs than either low performance or male-oriented rams; and 3) under the conditions of this study, low performance and male-oriented rams did not have an adverse impact on the overall breeding outcome. Combined, low performance and male-oriented rams sired 81 more lambs than did high performance rams, but this required twice as many rams to obtain approximately equal breeding results. Therefore, we suggest that serving capacity tests should be used to select high performance rams, reduce number of rams with marginal sexual performance, and make decisions on ram numbers needed. 相似文献
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本文对影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其饲养调控技术方面的研究进展进行了综合评述。结论认为奶牛营养状况与繁殖性能密切相关,随着遗传性能和饲养管理技术的改进,奶牛泌乳量得以迅速提高的同时,对营养需要量的要求也随之提高。营养需要量的提高常常导致奶牛特殊生理阶段发生能量负平衡,致使奶牛繁殖能力下降;高蛋白日粮有利于提高产奶量,却往往降低了繁殖性能;日粮中矿物质和维生素含量偏高或偏低以及比例不当都会影响奶牛的繁殖性能;奶牛营养的全过程,包括采食量及采食的营养成分水平都与奶牛的繁殖性能密切相关。 相似文献
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Equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) is commonly recognised in Thoroughbred racehorses. Although EGUS has previously been associated with reduced athletic performance, no objective studies have been reported. This case report describes 4 racehorses referred for investigation of poor athletic performance where EGUS was the only abnormal finding during a thorough investigation of all body systems. All horses showed considerable improvement in performance following treatment with omeprazole. Therefore, this is the first report in which evidence is presented suggesting a direct link between EGUS and decreased performance, other causes of poor performance having been excluded. 相似文献
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The performance of animals is determined by the interaction of their genes with environmental circumstances. Accordingly, animals exhibiting superior performance are not necessarily the animals with the best genes nor are they the best choice of parents. Statistical analyses of production records for repeated traits, e.g. lactation yields and reproductive performance, show that part of the variation in performance among animals in the same herd and year is due to genetic differences, and the remainder is due to so-called residual or environmental factors that are not passed on to offspring. These within-herd environmental factors can be partitioned into a component that affects performance throughout an animal's lifetime, and a part that is unique to each observation. The process of animal evaluation from pedigree and performance records partitions the superiority of each cow into these three components. Reliable assessment of the genetic merit of bulls has required progeny testing, and for cows has required observation of their own individual performance. Selection on the genetic or breeding value component has systematically improved animal performance over recent decades, but has been limited by the age at which assessments of genetic merit are available. Emerging molecular technologies can read DNA sequences or measure RNA expression and have allowed the identification of a number of chromosome regions, and a few specific genes in those regions, that influence economic performance. This information allows better characterisation of the relationships between animals and more accurate predictions of genetic merit in bulls without progeny information and in cows that have yet to produce their own performance record. At some stage, enough genes responsible for variation in performance will be identified to allow faster genetic progress through selection of animals at young ages and therefore more rapid turnover of the generations. Mechanisms that modify gene expression have been identified and these may ultimately allow animals to be selected at an early age for lifetime productivity, accounting for processes that modify gene expression and lead to differences in performance that are not reflected by DNA sequence information. This review describes the status of these emerging technologies and their likely role in the improvement of dairy cattle. 相似文献
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Management strategies designed to improve grazing animal performance can influence feedlot performance and carcass traits both positively and negatively. In spite of the economic relevance of potential interactions between grazing and finishing performance, controlled experiments evaluating integrated production systems are limited in number. Effects of grazing treatments can result from, or be overshadowed by, changes in gut fill, thus making it difficult to assign precise costs to different phases of production. Published reports have considered the effects of stocking rate, duration of grazing, forage characteristics, supplementation, and growth-promoting implants on subsequent finishing performance. Improvements in cattle performance attributed to changes in stocking rate generally have been neutral to positive with respect to effects on finishing performance. Comparisons among forages have led to the suggestion that forage species may contribute to differences in gastrointestinal fill of grazing cattle, thereby influencing gain and efficiency during the subsequent finishing phase. Creep-feeding suckling calves generally has increased preweaning performance but has had relatively little influence on performance during the subsequent finishing phase. Grain supplementation of stocker cattle during the grazing period has improved grazing performance, but effects on subsequent feedlot performance have been inconsistent. Potential carryover effects from protein and mineral supplementation also have been inconclusive. Lack of congruence among studies is puzzling but may be the consequence of highly varied production systems, differences in experimental procedures, and changes in gut fill or mass of internal organs. Based on the studies reviewed, the expression or absence of compensatory growth during the finishing phase appears to be related to the nutritional quality of forages utilized in the grazing period, with higher quality forages tending to yield greater compensatory effects. The bulk of evidence with suckling cattle and stocker implants suggests that effects on subsequent finishing performance are minimal. Attention is drawn to the noticeable lack of research pertaining to integrated production systems. A more thorough understanding of the interactions among grazing nutrition and management, finishing performance, and carcass traits is needed to facilitate greater economic exploitation of these relationships. 相似文献
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运用因子分析法对重庆市的上市公司进行财务业绩的综合评价,从其2004年度的11个主要财务指标提取了4个主要因子,用它们代表的各公司的综合业绩,根据每家公司的最后得分进行业绩的分析评价。 相似文献