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1.
火炬松种子园疏伐试验及效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据子代测定结果与无性系特性、当代表现及试验要求等对火炬松种子园进行去劣疏伐，试验表明：结实株百分率其强度疏伐的为96．3％、中度疏伐的为66．1％、轻度疏伐的为41．8％、不疏伐的为30．1％；单株种子产量的比例为：不疏伐：轻度伐：中度伐：强度伐=100：143：257：443；单位面积种子产量的比例为：不疏伐：轻度伐：中度伐：强度伐=100：136：258：392。当种子园进入结实盛期时，保留8～10株／667m^2是合理的；如果无性系的营养生长和生殖生长能力特别强，保留6～8株／667m^2即可。 相似文献
2.
根据子代测定结果和当代表现等因子对湿地松种子国进行疏伐,使种子园的结实量成倍增加,强度伐的结实株百分率为62％;中度伐的为39％,轻度代的为28％,不疏伐的为22％,单株产种量的比例为:不疏伐100％:轻度伐120％:中度伐200％:强度代400％;每公顷产种子量的比例为:不疏伐100％:轻度代119％:中度伐208％:强度伐411％。当种子园进入结实盛期时,每公顷保留120—150株是合理的,如果无性系的营养生长和生殖生长能力特别强,每公顷保留90—120株即可。当具有结实能力的母树直径达30cm以上,冠幅达8—10米时,每株年产种子0.5—1.5公斤,每公顷年产种子60—150公斤是完全可以达到的。 相似文献
3.
成年杉木种子园疏枝疏伐效果研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
嫁接10年后的杉木初级种子园，保留初植时的每亩42株显得过密，株与株之间以及株内植叶间透光性不好，种子产量开始下降，疏枝疏伐试验表明：每亩伐除50%（21株），33%（14株），25%（11株），17%（7株）相对不疏伐（对照）球果产量分别增产23.6%,115.4%,51.8%,20.8%，疏伐后以每亩保留28株最为合适，疏枝对枝叶浓密型母树有效，靖州，江华无性系密枝型母株疏枝比对照（密枝不疏枝）提高球果产量100.7%和93.5%。但枝叶稀疏者不宜疏枝。 相似文献
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湿地松种子园合理疏伐增产效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据子代测定结果是当代表现等因子对湿地松种子园进行强度疏伐（伐６４％），可使种子圆的结实量成倍增加。当种子园进入结实盛期时，每公顷保留１２０～１５０株较合理，如果无性系的营养生长和生殖生长能力极强，则每公顷保留９０～１２０株即可。当具有结实能力的母树直径达３０ｃｍ以上，冠幅８～１０ｍ时，每株年产种子可达０．５～１．５Ｋｇ。 相似文献
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本文论述了杉木种子园的疏伐改造,应以子代测定结果为依据,保留优良种源区及与供种生态区相适应的优良无性系,充分利用种源效益,淘汰劣质的和结实能力低的无性系。疏伐后,种子园的产量将以提高单株结实量和结实率为关键。母树保留密度以300—375株/公顷为宜;种子园将改造成1.5代种子园。 相似文献
8.
樟子松无性系种子园去劣疏伐技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对樟子松无性系种子园进行去劣疏伐试验研究,结果表明:30~33年生樟子松初级无性系种子园经过2次总计30%的疏伐,郁闭度由原来的1.0降到0.75~0.79,保留180~250株·hm-2;樟子松母树单株结实量为3.89kg·株-1,比疏伐前平均提高2.98倍;种子产量为12.06kg·hm-2,比疏伐前平均提高1.00倍;种子千粒质量达8.32g,比疏伐前提高2.7%,发芽率提高25.2个百分点,发芽势提高32.5个百分点;4m×4m、4m×5m、5m×5m、6m×5m、6m×6m的樟子松种子园疏伐年龄分别为22a、24a、26a、28a和31a。去劣疏伐使樟子松初级无性系种子园达到了去劣疏伐种子园的标准,实现了种子园的提档升级。 相似文献
9.
我省营建国外松母树林从1974年开始,我场天洋工区国外松母树林自1974年建立,现保存面积530亩,其中湿地松413.5亩,火炬松116.5亩.根据我场母树林情况,第1次疏伐强度为25%(每亩保留68—80株)第2次疏伐强度为35—40%.疏伐使树冠之间保留一定距离,以树冠枝桠不重叠为宜,尽量使树冠扩大.增加结果面,有利于增加单株产量和单位面积产量,每亩最后保留母树12—15株. 相似文献
10.
对杉木初级种子园进行适时合理疏伐，可使种子园种子产量大幅度增加。按照无性系生长的差异，每公顷保留２４０～３００株、３００～３６０株对种子增产效果显著。疏伐后种子产量年均每公顷达１１４．２ｋｇ。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献