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1.
将单口面积1.33~2.33hm~2、环境相似的6口罗氏沼虾养殖池塘分为2组,3口池塘投喂蛋白质水平为35.4%的饲料,且每日适量泼洒糖蜜(试验组),3口池塘投喂蛋白质水平为41.9%的饲料,不泼洒糖蜜(对照组),常规管理。养殖期间,每隔15d取水样检测氨氮和亚硝态氮含量。156d的饲养结果表明,对照组和试验组罗氏沼虾的产量分别为6600kg/hm~2和6427.5kg/hm~2,降低饲料中的蛋白水平结合泼洒糖蜜不影响罗氏沼虾的生长(P0.05),养殖效益亦无显著差异(P0.05)。但试验组池塘水中氨氮较对照组低54.0%,亚硝态氮低21.0%,泼洒糖蜜显著降低了池塘氨氮和亚硝态氮含量(P0.05)。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨水解鸡血珠蛋白部分替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼虾(初重2.10±0.06 g)生长、体组成和消化酶活性的影响,试验用水解鸡血珠蛋白分别替代鱼粉0%(BC0,对照组)、10%(BC10)、30%(BC30)和50%(BC50)制成4种等氮(粗蛋白37.86%)等脂(粗脂肪8.77%)的试验饲料,开展9周的养殖试验。结果显示:利用水解鸡血珠蛋白替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾存活率无显著性影响。当替代量为10%时,生长性能和饲料效率未受显著性影响,但肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组。当替代量为30%和50%时,生长性能和饲料效率显著低于对照组,肌肉中的粗蛋白含量与对照组无显著差异。所有替代组肌肉中必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的含量均显著高于对照组,且肝胰腺胰蛋白酶的活力显著高于对照组。此外,所有替代组肌肉中粗脂肪含量均显著高于对照组,且BC10和BC30组肝胰腺脂肪酶活力亦显著高于对照组。以上结果表明,利用水解鸡血珠蛋白替代10%的鱼粉不影响罗氏沼虾生长和饲料效率,有利于增加肌肉中蛋白质和氨基酸的含量。  相似文献   

3.
以红糖、糖蜜、豆粕作为碳源研究三种碳源培养的生物絮团对南美白对虾养殖的影响,结果表明:生物絮团含量:红糖组>糖蜜组>豆粕组,三种碳源培养的生物絮团能够有效降低水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐含量,对pH值影响不大,三个试验组的成活率均高于对照组,其中红糖组>糖蜜组>豆粕组。综上所述:红糖、糖蜜和豆粕作为碳源的生物絮团养殖均能降低水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐,提高南美白对虾的成活率,同时生物絮团养殖可以降低换水量,减少养殖废水排放,生物需团技术在今后的南美白对虾及其他经济鱼类养殖过程中值得推广。  相似文献   

4.
利用生物絮团技术对克氏原螯虾的养殖效果初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为探究将生物絮团技术应用到克氏原螯虾养殖的可能性,本实验利用生物絮团技术和普通饲料投喂2种方式短期养殖体质量为(9.70±0.32) g的克氏原螯虾30 d。比较养殖期间2实验组的水化学指标以及实验结束时2实验组幼虾的生长情况,肌肉及肝胰腺营养成分组成,胃、肠和肝胰腺组织的消化酶活性,肝胰腺和肌肉组织的抗氧化能力。结果显示,①在养殖期间,絮团组水体总氮(TN)、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)的质量浓度均维持在较低的水平。②本实验条件下2实验组虾的终末体质量、增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、存活率(SR)均无显著差异。③絮团的粗蛋白含量可以达到36.8%,能够满足克氏原螯虾对于蛋白的需求。但絮团的粗脂肪含量较低,这也影响了絮团组幼虾肌肉组织的粗脂肪沉积量。④絮团组幼虾肝胰腺中α-淀粉酶(α-AL)、脂肪酶(LPS)、纤维素酶(CL)活性均显著高于饲料组幼虾,而饲料组幼虾在胃、肠组织中的α-AL活性较高,2实验组幼虾的胃蛋白酶活性无明显差异。⑤絮团组幼虾的抗氧化能力与饲料组幼虾相比,肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较高,丙二醛(MDA)含量较低,但总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)以及溶菌酶(LZM)无明显差异。研究表明,生物絮团技术在克氏原螯虾的养殖中具有积极作用,可以达到与饲料投喂相同甚至更好的养殖效果。  相似文献   

5.
为提高凡纳滨对虾种苗生产的生态化水平,分别以蔗糖、葡萄糖、淀粉为添加碳源,添加量为投饵量的50%,同时添加地衣芽孢杆菌,在1 000 L的水体中进行凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗实验。结果表明添加碳源组絮团含量明显高于对照组(不添加碳源和芽孢杆菌),且蔗糖组絮团的形成比淀粉组和葡萄糖组早;蔗糖组和葡萄糖组的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量均显著低于对照组和淀粉组,其亚硝酸盐峰值浓度分别比对照组降低25.4%和31.4%,且未换水即自行下降;添加碳源各组絮团的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量均显著高于对照组,粗蛋白含量最高的蔗糖组达到32.6%。仔虾幼体P14时,葡萄糖组和蔗糖组的仔虾体长分别比对照组增长22.8%和19.2%(P0.01),差异极显著。表明在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗中,蔗糖和葡萄糖作为添加碳源是合适的。  相似文献   

6.
不同脂肪源对罗氏沼虾生长及体组织常见组分的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
用5种不同脂肪源组合的饲料(Ⅰ.鱼油0.5%+豆油2.5%;Ⅱ.鱼油0.5%+菜籽油2.5%;Ⅲ.鱼油0.5%+花生油2.5%;Ⅳ.鱼油0.5%+亚麻油2.5%;Ⅴ.豆油1.5%+亚麻油1.5%)投喂体重为(2.22±0.04)g的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)40 d,研究不同脂肪源对其生长及全虾和肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量的影响。结果显示:在生长方面,第Ⅴ组的罗氏沼虾增重显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组增重也显著大于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。在体成分方面,Ⅰ组全虾总水分含量最低,显著低于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅴ组全虾粗脂肪含量最高,显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组全虾粗蛋白含量显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及Ⅴ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组肌肉总水分含量显著高于其他各组;肌肉粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
生物絮团对中华锯齿米虾生长及水质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
实验以枯草芽孢杆菌和光合细菌为研究对象,研究了生物絮团对中华锯齿米虾养殖水体酸碱度、氨氮、亚硝酸氮、COD等水质指标的调节及其在促进米虾生长方面的作用。结果显示,添加了生物絮团的实验组,比对照组养殖水体的亚硝酸氮含量降低54%,COD水平降低39%,氨氮含量降低35%,pH值稳定保持在适宜的水平,中华锯齿米虾的存活率和增重率也有显著提高。结果表明,生物絮团的使用,能够有效调节水质,促进中华锯齿米虾的生长。  相似文献   

8.
通过设置虾鹅轮养与罗氏沼虾单养对比试验,研究分析虾池种草养鹅对罗氏沼虾池塘水质、底质的影响,结果表明虾鹅轮养模武在罗氏沼虾养殖初期可以有效地降低水体的化学耗氧量、氨氦、总磷等富营养因子的水平,但随着养殖的深入,水中营养因子来源转为罗氏沼虾代谢废物和剩余残饵,对水质的改善作用就不再明显.而且,虾鹅轮养模式不影响虾塘养殖水体藻类组成,可以有效降低虾池底泥中有机质与全氮的含量,改善罗氏沼虾的养殖的池塘底质环境.  相似文献   

9.
本实验以非生物絮团养殖模式作为对照,研究了生物絮团凡纳滨对虾养殖模式中,水质因子氨氮和亚硝酸氮的变化规律。结果表明:试验组的生物絮团沉积量至第35天达到峰值(15.93±0.31)m L/L,而后保持相对稳定状态,对照组的生物絮团量一直处于极低水平(1.5 m L/L),两组之间差异显著(P0.05);对照组氨氮含量至第35天达到峰值(1.05±0.19)mg/L,试验组氨氮含量增加缓慢,至第60天时仅为(0.37±0.04)mg/L,显著低于对照组(P0.05);在实验的前15天,实验组和对照组的亚硝酸氮含量无显著差异(P0.05),随后试验组亚硝酸氮含量增速减慢并趋于稳定,而对照组则直线上升,对照组亚硝酸氮含量显著高于试验组(P0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
该文旨在探讨在罗氏沼虾养殖后期放养白鲢对池塘水质及浮游植物种类与数量的影响。试验选取规格为80尾/kg白鲢鱼种,按放养数量分别为0(1号塘)、1000尾/667m^2(2号塘)、1500尾/667m^2(3号塘)、2000尾/667m^2(4号塘),投放到4个养殖条件相近的罗氏沼虾池塘中,每隔10d检测池塘水质指标和浮游藻类,共5次。结果显示,池塘pH值呈先下降后稳定的趋势;各组溶氧均有显著的提升;2号和4号池塘透明度提升速率明显高于对照组;各组氨氮、亚硝含量变化不明显。各组化学需氧量(CODCr)、总氮、总磷、修正营养状态指数(TSIM)均呈下降趋势,且试验组下降幅度高于对照组,其中4号池塘下降最为明显。试验组池塘蓝藻下降幅度均高于对照组,且随着投放鲢鱼数量的增大,蓝藻占水体浮游植物的百分比越小。结果表明,在罗氏沼虾养殖后期放养白鲢,能够改善养殖水体环境,降低水体富营养化程度,有效控制蓝藻水华的发生。  相似文献   

11.
不同C/N对草鱼池生物絮团的形成及水质的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了研究草鱼池生物絮团形成所需的适合C/N,实验分析不同C/N水平对水泥池中生物絮团的形成、水质及草鱼生长的影响。对照组投喂基础饲料(C/N为10.8∶1),实验组在基础饲料上添加葡萄糖,控制C/N分别为15∶1、20∶1和25∶1。结果显示,当C/N≥15时,形成的生物絮团可以有效的调节水质,降低水体中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮水平;各组的生物絮团体积指数(FVI)随养殖时间逐步增加,在第14天趋于稳定;随着C/N增高,尽管实验组水体中形成的生物絮团粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但是草鱼生长却呈下降趋势。综合而言,生物絮团技术应用于草鱼养殖适宜的C/N为15,该比值能促进生物絮团的形成,并能有效降低水中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮水平。  相似文献   

12.
Controlling the concentration of bioflocs is one of the main concerns in aquaculture systems with Biofloc Technology (BFT). Biofloc accumulation deteriorates the water quality and can negatively affect the production rates of the farmed river shrimp. This study describes and characterizes the settling velocity distribution of bioflocs generated with the addition of two carbon sources (molasses and chancaca) when applying the BFT for the rearing of the river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius. This study revealed that bioflocs generated with different carbon sources have different settling velocity curves. Regarding the mass fraction settling velocities, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) for mean solids fraction at similar withdrawn times between molasses and chancaca. The average settling velocities for bioflocs were 0.1044 ± 0.1224 cm s−1 for molasses and 0.1131 ± 0.1225 cm s−1 for chancaca. Therefore, a settling device operating with a given overflow rate will more efficiently remove bioflocs generated with chancaca than with molasses. The settling velocity curves obtained in this research contain valuable information to select appropriate devices for bioflocs and suspended solids removal in aquaculture systems with BFT.  相似文献   

13.
A 35‐day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different carbon sources addition on nutritional composition and extracellular enzymes activity of bioflocs, and digestive enzymes activity and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (average 5.52 ± 0.21 g) in zero‐water exchange culture tanks. Molasses, corn flour and wheat bran were used as carbon sources and added into the tanks to promote the development of bioflocs during the experiment. During the entire experiment, good water quality and biofloc development were achieved under the addition of different carbon sources. At the end of the experiment, the proximate composition and extracellular enzymes activities of the collected bioflocs from seven biofloc groups were influenced by the addition of the different carbon sources. Meanwhile, the specific activities of protease, amylase, lipase and cellulase in the hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine of the shrimp showed differences among the seven biofloc groups, and most of them were significantly higher than those obtained in the control group (P < 0.05). There were differences in the performance (growth and FCR) of the shrimp among the seven biofloc groups, and all of them were significantly better than those obtained in the control group (P < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, 60% molasses + 20% corn flour + 20% wheat bran could be an appropriate formula of the addition of carbon sources for intensive culture of L. vannamei (mainly in terms of growth and FCR) in zero‐water exchange culture tanks.  相似文献   

14.
Soybean molasses was evaluated as a partial replacement for sugarcane molasses as a carbon source for biofloc development in the superintensive culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A 50‐day study was conducted with juvenile (3.2 g) shrimp stocked in 16 800 L tanks at a stocking density of 250 shrimp m?3. Control of total ammonia concentration was performed by the addition of combined mixtures of soybean and sugarcane molasses to the culture water. Three different molasses treatments were evaluated using different soybean‐to‐sugarcane molasses ratios: 15–85%, 38–62% and 60–40% respectively. The control group was treated only with sugarcane molasses. Water quality, chlorophyll a concentration, heterotrophic bacterial load, Vibrio spp. concentration and zootechnical indexes were all evaluated. Total ammonia concentration was controlled by heterotrophic and chemotrophic pathways. Biofloc formation, as quantified by measuring the total suspended solids, was not altered. The Vibrio spp. concentration showed a significant reduction in treatments with soybean‐to‐sugarcane molasses ratios of 38–62% and 60–40%. All combined mixtures of soybean and sugarcane molasses could maintain water quality and productivity in the superintensive culture of L. vannamei using the biofloc system. Thus, the potential use of a residue from agroindustry as a carbon source in a biofloc culture is demonstrated.  相似文献   

15.
Biofloc rearing media provides a potential food source for shrimp reared in limited or zero water exchange systems. This culture system is environmentally friendly as it is based on limited water use and minimal effluent is released into the surrounding environment. In this study, we evaluated the survival, growth performance and salinity stress tolerance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae reared from PL10 to PL25 in a biofloc technology limited water exchange system. PL (mean ± SD weight and length of 14 ± 10 mg and 8.10 ± 0.7 mm, respectively) were reared in nine 40-L plastic tanks with a stocking density of 10PL/L. Three culture treatments were applied (1) culture in the presence of bioflocs and commercial feed supply (FLOC + CF); (2) culture in the presence of biofloc without feed supply (FLOC) and (3) culture in clear water with feed supply (control). Final biomass and survival were significantly higher in FLOC + CF treatment than the control (P < 0.05), but did not differ from FLOC. PL reared in the FLOC + CF treatment achieved a significantly higher final weight, weight gain and length in comparison with the other two treatments (P < 0.05). No significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments was found for salinity tolerance over 24 and 48 h durations. The proximate analysis of floc shown high levels of crude protein (30.4%), but low levels of crude lipids (0.5%). The continuous availability of bioflocs had a significant effect on growth and survival of F. paulensis postlarvae cultured in BFT nursery systems.  相似文献   

16.
The bioflocs technology (BFT) for shrimp production has been proposed as a sustainable practice capable of reducing environmental impacts and preventing pathogen introduction. The microbial community associated with BFT not only detoxifies nutrients, but also can improve feed utilization and animal growth. Biofloc system contains abundant number of bacteria of which cell wall consists of various components such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and β‐1, 3‐glucans, and is known as stimulating nonspecific immune activity of shrimp. Bioflocs, therefore, are assumed to enhance shrimp immunity because they consume the bioflocs as additional food source. Although there are benefits for having an in situ microbial community in BFT systems, better understanding on these microorganisms, in particular molecular level, is needed. A fourteen‐day culture trial was conducted with postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei in the presence and absence of bioflocs. To determine mRNA expression levels of shrimp, we selected six genes (prophenoloxidase1, prophenoloxidase2, prophenoloxidase activation enzyme, serine proteinase1, masquerade‐like proteinase, and ras‐related nuclear protein) which are involved in a series of responses known as the prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade, one of the major innate immune responses in crustaceans. Significant differences in shrimp survival and final body weights were found between the clear water and in the biofloc treatments. mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the biofloc treatment than the clear water control. These results suggest that the presence of bioflocs in the culture medium gives positive effect on growth and immune‐related genes expression in L.vannamei postlarvae.  相似文献   

17.
A 30‐day experiment was conducted to evaluate inorganic nitrogen control, biofloc composition and shrimp performance in zero‐exchange culture tanks for juvenile L. vannamei offered a 35% (P35) or 25% (P25) crude protein feed, each feed supplemented with additional carbohydrate to increase the C/N ratio to 20:1 (CN20) or 15:1 (CN15). Sucrose was used as a carbohydrate to manipulate the two C/N ratios based on the carbon and nitrogen content of both the feeds and sucrose. The four treatments were referred to as: P35 + CN20, P35 + CN15, P25 + CN20 and P25 + CN15. Each treatment consisted of four replicate tanks (125 L), each stocked with 28 shrimp (equivalent to 224 shrimp m?3). Bioflocs formed and developed based on initial inoculation in all four treatments; and monitored water quality parameters were maintained within acceptable ranges for shrimp culture throughout the experiment. No significant effects (P > 0.05) of dietary protein level, C/N ratio or their interaction were observed on biofloc development (BFV, TSS and BFVI) and inorganic nitrogen (TAN, NO2?‐N and NO3?‐N) concentrations. At the end of the experiment, proximate analysis of the bioflocs collected from the four treatments showed crude protein levels of 21.3% ~ 32.1%, crude lipid levels of 1.6% ~ 2.8% and ash levels of 43.4% ~ 61.4%. Extracellular protease and amylase activities of the bioflocs were 9.9 ~ 14.4 U g?1 TSS and 293.5 ~ 403.8 U g?1 TSS respectively. Biofloc composition and enzyme activity were both affected by dietary protein level (P < 0.01) and C/N ratio (P < 0.05). Survival, per cent weight gain and protein efficiency ratio of shrimp were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary protein level, C/N ratio or their interaction; however, the feed conversion ratios were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treatments with high dietary protein (P35) compared with those in treatments with low dietary protein (P25). The results from this study demonstrate that dietary protein level and C/N ratio manipulation can have important implications for water quality, biofloc composition and shrimp performance in intensive, zero‐exchange biofloc‐based culture systems.  相似文献   

18.
The experiment was conducted with three biofloc treatments and one control in triplicate in 500 L capacity indoor tanks. Biofloc tanks, filled with 350 L of water, were fed with sugarcane molasses (BFTS), tapioca flour (BFTT), wheat flour (BFTW) and clean water as control without biofloc and allowed to stand for 30 days. The postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) with an Average body weight of 0.15 ± 0.02 g were stocked at the rate of 130 PL m?2 and cultured for a period of 60 days fed with pelleted feed at the rate of 1.5% of biomass. The total suspended solids (TSS) level was maintained at around 500 mg L?1 in BFT tanks. The addition of carbohydrate significantly reduced the total ammonia‐N (TAN), nitrite‐N and nitrate‐N in water and it significantly increased the total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) population in the biofloc treatments. There was a significant difference in the final average body weight (8.49 ± 0.09 g) in the wheat flour treatment (BFTW) than those treatment and control group of the shrimp. Survival of the shrimps was not affected by the treatments and ranged between 82.02% and 90.3%. The proximate and chemical composition of biofloc and proximate composition of the shrimp was significantly different between the biofloc treatments and control. Tintinids, ciliates, copepods, cyanobacteria and nematodes were identified in all the biofloc treatments, nematodes being the most dominant group of organisms in the biofloc. It could be concluded that the use of wheat flour (BFTW) effectively enhanced the biofloc production and contributed towards better water quality which resulted in higher production of shrimp.  相似文献   

19.
This study aimed to investigate the development and bioactive compounds of biofloc promoted by adding molasses and wheat bran to zero‐water exchange culture tanks and their effects on physiological parameters and growth performance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight: 6.8 ± 0.4 g). Different combinations of molasses and wheat bran were added as carbon sources: T1, 100% molasses; T2, 50% molasses + 50% wheat bran; T3, 25% molasses + 75% wheat bran. Clear water tanks with water exchange served as the control group (control). After the 30‐d experiment, the development of biofloc in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) and biofloc volume (BFV) showed significant differences in the three biofloc treatments, especially the highest levels of TSS and BFV observed in T3. The levels of poly‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate or polysaccharide in the biofloc of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those in T3. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, most of the immune and antioxidant parameters and growth performance of shrimp were significantly enhanced in biofloc treatments, especially in T1 or T2. In conclusion, different carbon sources could effectively affect the development and bioactive compounds of biofloc, which could improve physiological health status and growth performance of shrimp in zero‐water exchange systems.  相似文献   

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