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1.
油葵与光果甘草间作对根际土壤酶活性及微生物 功能多样性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过盆栽试验,研究了新葵10号油葵与光果甘草间作对盐碱地根际土壤酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以期为盐碱地的改良提供依据。结果表明,与单作模式相比,间作显著提高了根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和蛋白酶的活性。在144 h的温育期内,间作模式下的AWCD均高于单作模式,并显著提高了AWCD的利用率(72 h,P0.05)。与单作模式相比,间作显著提高了微生物多样性指数(S、H)。主成分分析表明,间作优化了盐碱土壤微生物群落组成;羧酸类化合物、聚合物、氨基酸和碳水化合物是间作模式下根际土壤微生物利用的主要碳源。因此,新葵10号与光果甘草间作显著提高盐碱地根际土壤酶活性和微生物多样性指数,改变了微生物群落功能多样性,对盐碱土壤质量的改良有积极作用。 相似文献
2.
Intercropping and residue retention contribute to high yield and quality of crops. However, their coupled effects on rhizospheric microbial communities under a continuous vegetable cropping system have not been adequately addressed. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects on soil microbial community and yields of waxy maize(Zea mays L.) intercropped with or without residue retention in a continuous broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.) cropping system, i.e., relay intercropping of broccoli and waxy maize(B/M-B), relay intercropping of broccoli and waxy maize with residue retention(B/MR-B), and broccoli monoculture(B-B). The biomass yields of spring and autumn vegetables in B/MR-B were 16.3%–32.5% and 30.1%–46.1% higher than those of B-B,respectively. Autumn vegetable economic yields of B/MR-B were 28.2%–40.3% higher than B-B. The average well color development followed the order: B/MR-B B/M-B B-B. The Shannon index, Simpson index, and Mc Intosh index were higher in B/MR-B than under monoculture. A principal component analysis showed that microbial communities of B/MR-B soils differed from those of B/M-B and B-B soils. Carbon(C) sources utilized by the rhizosphere microorganisms were mainly carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and polymers; however, the C sources for the soil microbial community differed between intercropping and monoculture. The communities from B/MR-B preferred amino acids and polymers. Available nitrogen(N), potassium(K), and phosphorus(P) had an obvious impact on soil microbial community. Additionally, the C source utilization by microorganisms was significantly affected by p H and available K and P. Cropping system diversification through relay intercropping and residue retention effectively improved the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities and increased the yields of vegetables. 相似文献
3.
The effect of interspecific complementary and competitive root interactions and rhizosphere effects on primarily phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) but also nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) nutrition between mixed cropped peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In order to provide more physiological evidence on the mechanisms of interspecific facilitation, phosphatase activities in plant and rhizosphere, root ferric reducing capacity (FR), Fe-solubilizing activity (Fe-SA), and rhizosphere pH were determined. The results of the experiment revealed that biomass yield of peanut and barley was decreased by associated plant species as compared to their monoculture. Rhizosphere chemistry was strongly and differentially modified by the roots of peanut and barley and their mixed culture. In the mixed cropping of peanut/barley, intracellular alkaline and acid phosphatases (AlPase and APase), root secreted acid phosphatases (S-APase), acid phosphatases activity in rhizosphere (RS-APase), and bulk soil (BS-APase) were higher than that of monocultured barley. Regardless of plant species and cropping system, the rhizosphere pH was acidified and concomitantly to this available P and Fe concentrations in the rhizosphere were also increased. The secretion Fe-solubilizing activity (Fe-SA) and ferric reducing (FR) capacity of the roots were generally higher in mixed culture relative to that in monoculture treatments which may improve Fe and Zn nutrition of peanut. Furthermore, mixed cropping improved N and K nutrition of peanut plants, while Ca nutrition was negatively affected by mixed cropping. 相似文献
4.
Abstract A glasshouse study employing a split-root technique was conducted to investigate the influence of intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.) in a calcareous soil on N2 fixation by peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at early stages of growth. In this intercropping system, competitive interactions between maize and peanut for N and improvement of Fe uptake were likely to be important factors affecting N2 fixation of peanut. The experiment was comprised of three treatments which included treatment I: peanut monocropping; treatment II: maize/peanut intercropping (the major and the minor compartments with low N, 50 mg kg?1); treatment III: maize/peanut intercropping (the major compartment with low N, 50 mg kg?1 and the minor compartment with high, N 200 mg kg?1). The minor compartment of treatment III was fertilized with 200 mg kg?1 N for reducing or eliminating the competition of N coming from intercropping maize. Intercropping with maize corrected Fe chlorosis of peanut by significantly increasing plant Fe concentration and uptake. Compared with the monocropping treatment, iron uptake increased from intercropping treatment II and III by 22 and 24% per plant, 30 and 29% shoots, 38 and 60% nodules. Iron uptake by the root nodules was especially enhanced in the intercropping system. In contrast, intercropping with maize had little effect on NO3 ?1-N concentrations in the soil rhizosphere of peanut or on N concentrations and uptake by peanut compared with plants in monoculture. The results indicate that the improvement in Fe nutrition was an important factor promoting N2 fixation by peanut in the intercropping system at the flowering stage of peanut growth, and that competition for N by intercropped maize had little effect on N2 fixation by peanut under the experimental conditions. 相似文献
5.
施氮量对玉米/大豆套作系统土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为揭示玉米/大豆套作体系下土壤氮素转换的调控机理和根际微生态效应,以种植模式为主因素[设玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(SS)和玉米/大豆套作(IMS)3种处理],以玉米、大豆施氮总量(玉米、大豆施氮比例为3∶1)为副因素[设不施氮(NN,0 kg?hm~(-2))、减量施氮(RN,180 kg?hm~(-2))和常量施氮(CN,240 kg?hm~(-2))3个处理],研究了玉米/大豆套作系统下不同施氮量对作物根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与相应单作相比,套作下玉米根际土壤真菌、放线菌数量分别提高25.37%和8.79%;套作大豆根际土壤真菌、放线菌、固氮菌数量高于单作大豆;套作玉米根际土壤蛋白酶、脲酶活性和套作大豆根际土壤蛋白酶活性均显著升高。各施氮水平间,减量施氮下玉米、大豆根际土壤真菌数量较常量施氮和不施氮均有所提高;施氮提高了玉米、大豆根际土壤放线菌数量;大豆根际土壤固氮菌数量以减量施氮最高,比不施氮和常量施氮高17.78%和5.67%;玉米根际土壤蛋白酶活性、脲酶活性和大豆根际土壤脲酶活性均以减量施氮为最高。适宜的施氮量不仅能增加玉米/大豆套作土壤中真菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量,还能提高土壤蛋白酶、脲酶活性,调节土壤氮素的转化,促进玉米/大豆对土壤中氮素的吸收,实现节能增效。 相似文献
6.
持续施用生物有机肥对花生产量和根际细菌群落的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国红壤旱地花生连作现象普遍，化肥施用量大，花生产量却逐年降低。为了揭示集约化经营制度下施用生物有机肥对花生连作障碍的调控，采集旱地红壤进行了连续5年的盆栽实验，实验处理包括花生-玉米轮作、施用化肥的花生连作和施用生物有机肥的花生连作，探究持续施用生物有机肥防控花生连作障碍的根际微生态机制。结果显示，相比于轮作，施用化肥的连作花生产量显著降低；相比于连作花生施用化肥，持续施用生物有机肥可以显著缓解连作花生产量降低的问题，在施用有机肥第5季荚果干重提高27%。与施用化肥的连作处理相比，持续施用生物有机肥显著增加了花生根际细菌多样性和丰富度，与轮作花生处理无显著差异。持续施用生物有机肥显著提高了连作花生根际变形菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度，降低了厚壁菌门的相对丰度。属水平上，花生根际促生菌Rhizobium，Mesorhizobium和Bradyrhizobium的相对丰度较化肥处理分别提高了295%、89%和40%，而Leifsonia和Burkholderia的相对丰度分别降低了67%和47%。冗余分析进一步发现，土壤有机质和pH值是根际细菌群落结构改善的重要理化因素。这表明持续施用生物有机肥可以改良红壤理化环境（如pH值和有机质含量），进而优化连作花生根际细菌群落结构并提高根际抗病性能，实现花生稳定增产的目标。 相似文献
7.
Keuk-Ki Lee Suhas Pralhad Wani Kanwar Lal Sahrawat Nunna Trimurtulu Osamu Ito 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):117-126
The effects of nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) fertilizers on the nutritional status in the rhizosphere were studied by monitoring throughout the growth period the concentrations of organic carbon (C), inorganic N, NaHCO3 extractable P, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) down in an Alfisol field, and of all these elements except for extractable P, and exchangeable Ca in a Vertisol field in semi-arid tropical India. These concentrations were compared between the rhizosphere soil and bulk soil of sorghum grown in both fields. Organic C content of the rhizosphere soil increased with plant age and was significantly higher than that in the bulk soil throughout the growth of sorghum, but it was not affected by the rates of N or P fertilizer. Inorganic N concentration in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in the bulk soil until maturity in sorghum. The content of available P in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than in the bulk soil after the middle of the growth stage. Its average concentration in the rhizosphere soil across growth stages was significantly higher than in the bulk soil, which contradicts the observation in many reports that there is a depletion of P in the rhizosphere soil. The concentration of three exchangeable cations, K, Ca, and Mg, showed different patterns in the rhizosphere and the bulk soils. The concentration of K was almost constantly higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil, Ca concentration was not different between the two soils, and Mg concentration was significantly higher in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere soil. The reasons for these discrepancies cannot be explained at present. The concentrations of these cations were not affected by the rate of N or P fertilizer except for Mg at a later growth stage. The differences between rhizosphere and bulk soils in Alfisol were similar to those in Yertisol with respect to the concentration of organic C, inorganic N, and exchangeable K and Mg. 相似文献
8.
Our previous studies showed that, under P-limiting conditions, growth and P uptake were lower in the wheat genotype Janz than in three Brassica genotypes when grown in monoculture. The present study was conducted to answer the question if P mobilised by the Brassicas is available to wheat; leading to improved growth of wheat when intercropped with Brassicas compared to monocropped wheat. To assess if the interactions between the crops depend on soil type, the wheat genotype Janz and three Brassica genotypes (two canolas and one mustard) were grown for 6 weeks in monoculture or wheat intercropped with each Brassica genotype in an acidic and an alkaline soil with low P availability (with two plants per pot). Wheat grew equally well in the two soils, but the Brassicas grew better in the acidic than in the alkaline soil. In the acidic soil, monocropped Brassicas had a 3 to 4 fold greater plant dry weight (dw) and P uptake than wheat; plant dw and P uptake in wheat were decreased or not affected by intercropping and increased in the Brassicas. In the alkaline soil, dw and P uptake of the Brassicas was twice as high as in wheat, with intercropping having no effect on these parameters. The contribution of wheat to the total shoot dw and P uptake per pot was 4-21% and 32-40% in acidic and alkaline soil, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonisation was low in all genotypes in the acidic soil (1-6%). In the alkaline soil, mycorrhizal colonisation of monocropped wheat was 62%, but only 43-47% in intercropped wheat. Intercropping decreased P availability in the rhizosphere of wheat in the acidic soil but had no effect on rhizosphere P availability in the alkaline soil. Intercropping had a variable effect on rhizosphere microbial community composition (assessed by fatty acid methylester analysis (FAME) and ribosomal intergenic spacer amplification (RISA)), ranging from intercropping having no effect on the rhizosphere communities to intercropping resulting in a new and similar rhizosphere community composition in both genotypes. The results of this study show that intercropping with Brassicas does not improve growth and P uptake of wheat; thus there is no indication that P mobilised by the Brassicas is available to wheat. 相似文献
9.
间套作玉米对线辣椒根际土壤微生物生态特征的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用常规稀释平板法、氯仿熏蒸法、BIOLOG GN微平板反应系统及种间根系分隔技术, 以线辣椒单作(SC)为试验对照, 研究了间套作处理[玉米/线辣椒套作+根部塑料膜分隔(ICP)、玉米/线辣椒套作+根部尼龙网分隔(ICM)、玉米/线辣椒套作根部无分隔(ICN)]对线辣椒根际土壤微生物生态特征的影响。结果表明: 整个线辣椒生育期内, 各套作处理线辣椒根际土壤微生物总数与细菌总数具有相同的变化趋势, ICN和ICM处理的真菌、细菌、放线菌数量和细菌/真菌(B/F)、放线菌/真菌(A/F)比值均大于ICP与SC处理。盛果期, ICN处理根际土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮比同处理其他生育期增加14.2%~54.0%和10.6%~54.7%。各处理土壤微生物群落AWCD的变化随培养时间呈现明显的"S"型曲线。间套作玉米显著提高了线辣椒根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数(P<0.05)、Simpson指数、种间相遇几率和McIntosh指数(P<0.05), 并改变了土壤微生物对单一碳源的利用能力。线辣椒根际土壤微生物的不同多样性指数分别与其生物学产量之间存在显著或极显著正相关。说明间套作改善了土壤微生态环境。 相似文献
10.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2425-2437
Abstract Pot and rhizobox experiments were carried out to investigate the iron availability in intercropped peanut and maize as affected by soil moisture. Results from pot experiment showed that the root growth of peanuts were significantly inhibited at 25% soil water content compared to those at 15% soil water content. The chlorophyll content in the new leaves of intercropped peanut decreased and leaves became chlorotic at 25% soil water content. There were no significant differences in the active iron concentration in new leaves of peanut between 15% and 25% soil water content. The soil pH were higher in peanut rhizosphere than in bulk soil at the early, middle, and harvest stages for both 15% and 25% soil water content. The soil bicarbonate content was also higher in peanut rhizosphere than in bulk soil for both 15% and 25% soil water content. There was significant difference in soil bicarbonate of peanut rhizosphere between 15% and 25% soil water content at the harvest stage. The available iron content in both rhizosphere soil and bulk soil were lower than 3.5 mg kg?1 in all growth stages at both 15% and 25% soil water content. Results from rhizobox experiment showed that citric acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid in exudates of peanuts significantly increased at 25% soil water content compared to that at 15% soil water content. The apoplastic iron content of peanut roots decreased by 0.216 and 0.409 µmol g?1 fresh weight?1 (FW) from the 28th growth day to 42nd growth day at 25% and 15% soil water content, respectively. The mobilizing ability of apoplastic iron in intercropped peanuts at 15% soil water content was 20.1% higher compared to that at 25% soil water content. It is concluded that improvement of iron nutrition of peanuts with intercropping with maize could be affected by soil moisture condition. 相似文献
11.
Phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties of intercropped and monocropped maize, faba bean, and white lupin in acidic soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Haigang Li Jianbo Shen Fusuo Zhang Petra Marschner Greg Cawthray Zed Rengel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(2):79-91
Little information is available on phosphorus (P) uptake and rhizosphere processes in maize (Zea mays L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) when intercropped or grown alone in acidic soil. We studied P uptake and soil pH, carboxylate concentration, and microbial
community structure in the rhizosphere of maize, faba bean, and white lupin in an acidic soil with 0–250 mg P (kg−1 soil) as KH2PO4 (KP) or FePO4 (FeP) with species grown alone or intercropped. All plant species increased the pH compared to unplanted control, particularly
faba bean. High KP supply (>100 mg P kg−1) significantly increased carboxylate concentration in the rhizosphere of maize. The carboxylate composition of the rhizosphere
soil of maize and white lupin was significantly affected by P form (KP or FeP), whereas, this was not the case for faba bean.
In maize, the carboxylate composition of the rhizosphere soil differed significantly between intercropping and monocropping.
Yield and P uptake were similar in monocropping and intercropping. Monocropped faba bean had a greater concentration of phospholipid
fatty acids in the rhizosphere than that in intercropping. Intercropping changed the microbial community structure in faba
bean but not in the other corps. The results show that P supply and P form, as well as intercropping can affect carboxylate
concentration and microbial community composition in the rhizosphere, but that the effect is plant species-specific. In contrast
to previous studies in alkaline soils, intercropping of maize with legumes did not result in increased maize growth suggesting
that the legumes did not increase P availability to maize in this acidic soil. 相似文献
12.
烟蒜轮作与套作对土壤微生物类群数量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采取田间试验方式,以单作烤烟为对照,研究了不同年度和烤烟生育时期烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作对根际和非根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、解钾菌和解磷菌数量变化的影响。结果表明:随生育时期推进,烟蒜轮作和烟蒜套作处理根际土壤细菌含量高于单作烤烟的趋势越来越明显。2014年,上部叶成熟期烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作根际土壤细菌数量是单作烤烟的1.41倍和1.24倍。中部叶成熟期和上部叶成熟期,烟蒜轮作处理根际土壤真菌数量最少,但2014年烟蒜轮作和烟蒜套作处理下非根际土壤真菌数量高于单作烤烟处理。烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作处理根际土壤放线菌数量高于单作烤烟,上部叶成熟期分别是单作烤烟2.01倍和2.93倍(2013年)、1.12倍和1.28倍(2014年)。烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作处理根际土壤解钾菌和解磷菌含量在烤烟生长发育的中后期显著高于单作烤烟,且非根际土壤的解磷菌含量也呈现相同的趋势。不同年度,烟蒜轮作与烟蒜套作处理烟叶产量和上中等烟率均显著高于单作烤烟处理。烟蒜轮作和烟蒜套作种植模式能改良土壤根际环境微生物结构,维持良好的土壤质量状态。 相似文献
13.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10-11):2093-2110
Abstract Field observations have indicated that Fe deficiency chlorosis symptoms in peanut are more severe and widespread in monoculture than intercropped with maize in calcareous soils of northern China. Here we report a pot experiment that investigated the mechanisms underlying the marked improvement in Fe nutrition of peanut grown in mixture with maize. Iron deficiency chlorosis occurred in the young leaves of peanut in monoculture and was particularly obvious at the flowering stage, while the young leaves of peanut grown in mixture with maize remained green throughout the experiment. The chlorophyll and HCl‐extractable Fe concentrations in young leaves of peanut grown in mixture were much higher than those in monoculture, indicating that maize may have markedly improved the peanut Fe nutrition. Growth in mixture was associated with greatly altered root morphology and microbial populations in the rhizosphere of peanut. Visual observation of peanut roots in monoculture showed that they were larger in diameter and shorter than those in mixture. Moreover, peanut roots in mixture with maize produced more lateral roots and had increased root length compared with plants in monoculture. Peanut grown together with maize showed obvious rhizodermal transfer cells in the subapical root zone, but cells with cell wall ingrowths were poorly developed in peanut in monoculture. Mixed culture resulted in a significantly decreased abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere of peanut compared with monoculture, and electron microscope observations indicated that this was associated with a thicker mucigel layer on the root surface of peanut in mixture with maize. Several root morphological and rhizosphere microbial factors may thus have contributed to the improvement in Fe nutrition of peanut in mixed culture. 相似文献
14.
《Applied soil ecology》2011,47(3):341-346
We examined acid phosphatase activity (APA), N mineralization and nitrification rates, available N and P, and microbial biomass C, N and P in rhizosphere and bulk soils of 18-year-old Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), Simon poplar (Populus simonii) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantations on a nutrient-poor sandy soil in Northeast China. The main objective was to compare the rhizosphere effects of different tree species on N and P cycling under nutrient-deficient conditions. All tree species had the similar pattern but considerably different magnitude of rhizosphere effects. The APA, potential net N mineralization and nitrification rates increased significantly (by 27–60%, 110–188% and 106–142% respectively across the three species) in rhizosphere soil compared to bulk soil. This led to significantly higher Olsen-P and NH4+-N concentrations in rhizosphere soil, whereas NO3−-N concentration was significantly lower in rhizosphere soil owing to increased microbial immobilization and root uptake. Microbial biomass C and N generally increased while microbial biomass P remained constant in rhizosphere soil relative to bulk soil, indicating the N-limited rather than P-limited microbial growth. Rhizosphere effects on P transformation were most pronounced for Siberian elm, while rhizosphere effects on N transformation were most pronounced for Mongolian pine, implying the different capacities of these species to acquire nutrients. 相似文献
15.
Rapid nitrogen（N） transformations and losses occur in the rice rhizosphere through root uptake and microbial activities. However,the relationships between rice roots and rhizosphere microbes for N utilization are still unclear. We analyzed different N forms（NH＋4,NO-3, and dissolved organic N）, microbial biomass N and C, dissolved organic C, CH4 and N2O emissions, and abundance of microbial functional genes in both rhizosphere and bulk soils after 37-d rice growth in a greenhouse pot experiment. Results showed that the dissolved organic C was significantly higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the non-rhizosphere bulk soil, but microbial biomass C showed no significant difference. The concentrations of NH＋4, dissolved organic N, and microbial biomass N in the rhizosphere soil were significantly lower than those of the bulk soil, whereas NO-3in the rhizosphere soil was comparable to that in the bulk soil. The CH4 and N2O fluxes from the rhizosphere soil were much higher than those from the bulk soil. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the abundance of seven selected genes, bacterial and archaeal 16 S rRNA genes, amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nosZ gene, mcrA gene, and pmoA gene, was lower in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil, which is contrary to the results of previous studies. The lower concentration of N in the rhizosphere soil indicated that the competition for N in the rhizosphere soil was very strong, thus having a negative effect on the numbers of microbes. We concluded that when N was limiting, the growth of rhizosphere microorganisms depended on their competitive abilities with rice roots for N. 相似文献
16.
Nan Nan Zhang Yan Mei Sun Long Li En Tao Wang Wen Xin Chen Hong Li Yuan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(6):625-639
The effects of intercropping with maize and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield of faba bean and rhizosphere bacterial diversity were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment
length polymorphism, amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that intercropping
but not Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the faba bean yield. Probably the relatively high level of native rhizobia in soil annulled
the effect of rhizobia inoculation. ARDRA results showed that intercropping did not affect bacterial diversity whereas Rhizobium inoculation decreased bacterial diversity. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the composition of bacterial
community was changed apparently by intercropping, and there was a positive correlation (P = 0.724) between faba bean yields and intercropping and an apparent correlation (P = 0.648) between intercropping and total N. The available content of K and P had a lower effect on the bacterial community
composition than did the total N content, Rhizobium inoculation, and microbial biomass C. Rhizobium inoculation negatively correlated with microbial biomass C (P = −0.827). These results revealed a complex interaction among the intercropped crops, inoculation with rhizobia, and indigenous
bacteria and implied that the increase of faba bean production in intercropping might be related to the modification of rhizosphere
bacterial community. 相似文献
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续断菊与玉米间作的铅累积及根系低分子量有机酸分泌特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明间作作物根系分泌低分子量有机酸对土壤重金属生物有效性的影响,采用矿区周边农田土壤进行室内盆栽试验,研究了云南本土超累积植物续断菊(Sonchus asper L. Hill)和玉米(Zea mays L.)间作下,植物生长、根系低分子量有机酸分泌量、根际土壤Pb提取形态以及植物Pb积累特点。结果表明:与单作相比,间作续断菊地上部和根部生物量、根长、根内径和根系体积均显著增加(P0.05);间作玉米根部生物量、根长、根内径和根系体积显著增加(P0.05)。柠檬酸、草酸是续断菊和玉米根系分泌的主要低分子量有机酸,间作导致续断菊根系低分子量有机酸的分泌量增加,玉米根系低分子量有机酸的分泌量降低。续断菊根际土壤生物有效态Pb含量增加85.2%(P0.05),而玉米根际土壤生物有效态Pb含量降低26.1%(P0.05)。续断菊体内Pb含量显著增加18.0%～43.2%(P0.05),富集系数提高26.0%,而转运系数降低42.0%;玉米地上部Pb含量显著降低24.3%(P0.05),转运系数降低43.1%。续断菊根系分泌的柠檬酸和草酸数量,均与土壤生物有效态Pb含量呈显著正相关,且土壤有效态Pb含量分别与续断菊地上部和根部的Pb含量呈显著正相关。表明间作增加了续断菊对Pb的吸收积累量,与间作体系植物根系分泌的低分子有机酸介导下的土壤有效态Pb含量增加密切相关。 相似文献
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Rongping Hu Zijing Zhang Lijin Lin Ming’an Liao Yi Tang Dong Liang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(4):304-310
In this experiment, four cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator species (Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga parviflora, Sigesbeckia orientalis, and Solanum nigrum) were intercropped with grape (Vitis vinifera) cuttings together in Cd-containated soil to study the effects of intercropping with the Cd-hyperaccumulator plants on growth and Cd accumulation of grape seedlings. Compared with the monoculture, intercropping with S. nigrum increased the biomass of grape seedlings, but intercropping with the other three hyperaccumulator species decreased the grape seedling biomass. Intercropping with S. nigrum increased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents in leaves of grape seedlings compared with the monoculture, whereas intercropping with the other three hyperaccumulator species showed either a decrease or no effect. Intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants had no significant effects on chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in leaves of grape seedlings compared with the monoculture. Compared with the monoculture, intercropping with C. crepidioides, G. parviflora, S. nigrum and S. orientalis significantly decreased Cd contents in shoots of grape seedlings by 78.7%, 12.7%, 29.8% and 26.5%, respectively. Therefore, intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants can decrease Cd accumulation in grape, and intercropping with S. nigrum can also promote grape seedling growth. 相似文献