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调控措施对滨海盐渍土磷素形态及作物磷素吸收的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
滨海盐渍化土壤存在磷素有效性低的问题。本试验采用根袋法盆栽试验,共设不施磷肥、常规磷肥、磷肥+生物质炭、磷肥+腐殖酸、磷肥+商品有机肥5个处理,分析不同调控措施对非盐渍土、轻度盐渍土和中度盐渍土有效磷含量、磷素形态以及大麦磷素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:①盐碱障碍降低根区内外土壤有效磷含量,表现为非盐渍土轻度盐渍土中度盐渍土。添加生物质炭能显著提高轻度、中度盐渍土根区内外土壤有效磷含量,较常规磷肥对照处理分别提高40.72%、84.80%。②盐碱障碍降低大麦产量,抑制地上部对磷素的吸收,不同调控措施均能促进盐渍土上大麦对磷素的吸收,提高磷肥利用率。轻度盐渍土上不同调控措施的增产效果不显著,中度盐渍土上添加生物质炭处理显著提高大麦产量,较常规磷肥对照处理提高63.20%。③盐碱障碍降低土壤活性无机磷、NaOH-Pi、NaHCO_3-Po、NaOH-Po比例,增加HCl-Pi比例。添加生物质炭处理能显著提高盐渍土活性无机磷比例,提高土壤磷的有效性。添加生物质炭和商品有机肥处理对中度盐渍土上HCl-Pi比例的降低效果优于轻度盐渍土。 相似文献
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Muhammad Arif Salman Ali Muhammad Ilyas Muhammad Riaz Kashif Akhtar Kawsar Ali Muhammad Adnan Shah Fahad Imran Khan Shahen Shah Haiyan Wang 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):104-119
Biochar amendments offer promising potential to improve soil fertility, soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yields; however, a limited research has explored these benefits of biochar in the arid and semi‐arid regions. This two‐year field study investigated the effects of Acacia tree biomass‐derived biochar, applied at 0 and 10 t ha?1 rates with farmyard manure (FYM) or poultry manure (PM) and mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer combinations (100 kg P ha‐1), on maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, P use efficiency (PUE) and farm profitability. The application of biochar with organic–inorganic P fertilizers significantly increased soil P and SOC contents than the sole organic or inorganic P fertilizers. Addition of biochar and PM as 100% P source resulted in the highest soil P (104% increase over control) and SOC contents (203% higher than control). However, maize productivity and PUE were significantly higher under balanced P fertilizer (50% organic + 50% mineral fertilizer) with biochar and the increase was 110%, 94% and 170% than 100%‐FYM, 100%‐PM and 100% mineral fertilizer, respectively. Maize productivity and yield correlated significantly positively with soil P and SOC contents These positive effects were possibly due to the ability of biochar to improve soil properties, P availability from organic–inorganic fertilizers and SOC which resulted in higher PUE and maize productivity. Despite the significant positive relationship of PUE with net economic returns, biochar incorporation with PM and mineral fertilizer combination was economically profitable, whereas FYM along biochar was not profitable due to short duration of the field experiments. 相似文献
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小麦-玉米轮作土壤中磷肥化学行为及积累态磷生物有效性的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文用改进的石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法系统地研究了河北省主要类型土壤的磷素形态,小麦 玉米轮作中水溶性磷肥施入土壤后的动态转化。研究结果表明,潮褐土、褐土、潮土的磷素形态为:无机磷占土壤全磷的73.2%~96.4%,Ca-P占无机磷的79.1%~90.8%,Ca10-P占Ca-P的51.7%~97.4%。小麦 玉米轮作中水溶性磷肥施入土壤后的化学行为:第一年,小麦和玉米共吸收利用了施入磷的24.6%~27.4%,作物主要消耗了土壤积累态Ca2-P,其次为Ca8-P;第二、三年,作物分别吸收利用了施入磷的19.0%~20.4%、12.4%~17.3%,主要消耗了土壤积累态Ca8-P,其次为Ca2-P、Al-P,再次为Fe-P。土壤积累磷以Ca8-P为主,其次为Ca2-P,再次为Al-P、Fe-P。土壤各形态无机磷的转化主要发生在Ca2-P与Ca8-P之间。化学磷肥与有机肥配施提高了土壤积累态磷的有效性。施用磷肥的效应在连续3年小麦-玉米轮作中均表现明显的增产效应。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21):2756-2766
ABSTRACTBiochar has not been adequately used by farmers to improve the clay textured soil productivities in the world. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the co-application of biochar with different rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on selected soil physical properties and wheat yield on clay textured soil over two growth seasons. Biochar treatments occupied the main plots at a rate of 0.0 and 10 t ha?1, while the sub-plots were devoted to phosphorus rates at rates of 0%, 50%, 100%, and 150% of recommended P fertilizers. Biochar (10 t ha?1) and P at different rates decreased soil bulk density significantly. Meanwhile, it increased aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention significantly at (p < .05), and it improved the grain yield of wheat. More grain yields in the soil treated with biochar than untreated soil under all P application rates for both years were probably caused partially by more nutrients (N, P, and K) were applied from biochar itself. Grain yield of wheat in the soil-amended biochar and P did not increase significantly between the application at 50%, 100% and 150% P. The results of this study indicate that phosphorus blends with biochar can be used to decrease the bulk density of clay textured soils and to improve crop production in these soils. 相似文献
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小麦季磷肥施用对后作玉米的效果及土壤中无机磷形态转化的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在河北衡水潮土上进行田间试验,研究小麦/玉米轮作体系下,小麦季施用磷肥对玉米的后效及土壤中无机磷形态转化的影响。结果表明,与高施磷量(187.5 kg hm-2 P2O5)相比,小麦季磷肥施用量减少20%或40%,甚至当年不施磷,对后作玉米籽粒产量、生物量、植株吸磷量均无明显影响。从玉米苗期到成熟期,土壤中各形态无机磷下降幅度表现为Ca2-P最大,其次是Ca8-P,再次为Al-P。随着施磷量的减少,土壤Olsen-P、Ca2-P含量开始呈现下降趋势。与单施无机磷肥150.0 kg hm-2 P2O5相比,用有机肥猪粪磷替代其中20%无机磷肥,显著提高了土壤Olsen-P、Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量。本文结论认为在高肥力的华北地区小麦/玉米一个轮作周期中,小麦季减少磷肥用量,对后作玉米生长和产量尚未产生明显的影响。适当配施猪粪,减少无机磷肥,可以提高土壤中的Olsen-P和Ca2-P含量,较好地维持玉米季土壤中磷素肥力水平。 相似文献
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Cícero Célio de Figueiredo Walda Monteiro Farias Bruno Araújo de Melo Jhon Kenedy Moura Chagas Ailton Teixeira Vale Thais Rodrigues Coser 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(6):770-781
One of the main advantages of using biochar for agricultural purposes is its ability to store carbon (C) in soil for a long-term. Studies of labile and stable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) may be a good indicator of the dynamics of biochar in soils. This study evaluated the effects of applying sewage sludge biochar (SSB) in combination with mineral fertilizer on fractions of SOM. To conduct this evaluation, 15 Mg ha?1 of SSB combined or not with mineral fertilizer (NPK) was applied to the soil in two cropping seasons. Apart from total organic C (TOC), the labile and stable fractions of SOM were also determined. The combined use of SSB and NPK resulted in higher TOC, a 22% to 40% increase compared to the control and to the NPK treatments, respectively. The SSB produced at a lower temperature increased the labile fractions of SOM, especially the microbial biomass C, showing its capacity to supply nutrients in the short-term. The stable pools of SOM are increased after adding SSB produced at a higher temperature. It was concluded that pyrolysis temperature is a key-factor that determines the potential of SSB to accumulate C in labile and stable fractions of SOM. 相似文献
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Athanasios Balidakis Theodora Matsi Anastasia-Garyfallia Karagianni Ioannis Ipsilantis 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(4):1403-1421
Sewage sludge treated with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar was evaluated as a soil amendment in comparison to limed and untreated sludge. Seven treatments were established to two soils, an acid and an alkaline, in three replications, i.e. 2% addition of sludge treated with bentonite, vermiculite, biochar and lime and application of 2% untreated sludge, inorganic fertilization and no sludge or inorganic fertilizers (control). Then, the soil treatments were used in a pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as a test plant. Sludge treated with the clay minerals or biochar improved pH of the acid soil and significantly increased organic matter and available nutrients of both soils compared to control. Although no salinity or sodicity hazard was evidenced, the initial salinity of acid and alkaline soil increased by four-eight and two-three times, respectively, upon addition of all sludge treatments, especially that of untreated sludge. Moreover, soil available zinc (Zn) increased by four-eight times. Soil application of sludge treated with the clay minerals or biochar increased the total aboveground biomass yield of ryegrass in the acid and alkaline soil by 133%–171% and 72%–88%, respectively, compared to control and enhanced nutrient uptake by plants. Furthermore the microbial metabolic quotient indicated lack of low pH and heavy metal stress with addition of sludge to the acid soil. After three harvests of ryegrass, the residual effect of sludge on pH of acid soil and salinity, available phosphorus (P), Zn and boron (B) of both soils still persisted. Thus sewage sludge treated with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar could be applied to soils at a rate of 2% (≈80 Mg ha−1) to serve as soil amendment and fertilizer for grasses and pasture species; however, caution is needed regarding possible P build-up, Zn phytotoxicity and salinization risks. 相似文献
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柳枝稷生物炭对来自不同地区的两种土壤上植物生物量和微生物动态的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
C. N. KELLY F. C. CALDERÓN V. ACOSTA-MARTíNEZ M. M. MIKHA J. BENJAMIN D. W. RUTHERFORD C. E. ROSTAD 《土壤圈》2015,25(3):329-342
Biochar amendments to soils may alter soil function and fertility in various ways, including through induced changes in the microbial community. We assessed microbial activity and community composition of two distinct clayey soil types, an Aridisol from Colorado (CO) in the U.S. Central Great Plains, and an Alfisol from Virginia (VA) in the southeastern US following the application of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) biochar. The switchgrass biochar was applied at four levels, 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, approximately equivalent to biochar additions of 0, 25, 50, and 100 t ha-1, respectively, to the soils grown with wheat (Triticum aestivum) in an eight-week growth chamber experiment. We measured wheat shoot biomass and nitrogen (N) content and soil nutrient availability and N mineralization rates, and characterized the microbial fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of the soils. Net N mineralization rates decreased in both soils in proportion to an increase in biochar levels, but the effect was more marked in the VA soil, where net N mineralization decreased from -2.1 to -38.4 mg kg-1. The 10% biochar addition increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, Mehlich- and bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (P), and extractable potassium (K) in both soil types. The wheat shoot biomass decreased from 17.7 to 9.1 g with incremental additions of biochar in the CO soil, but no difference was noted in plants grown in the VA soil. The FAME recovery assay indicated that the switchgrass biochar addition could introduce artifacts in analysis, so the results needed to be interpreted with caution. Non-corrected total FAME concentrations indicated a decline by 45% and 34% with 10% biochar addition in the CO and VA soils, respectively, though these differences became nonsignificant when the extraction efficiency correction factor was applied. A significant decline in the fungi:bacteria ratio was still evident upon correction in the CO soil with biochar. Switchgrass biochar had the potential to cause short-term negative impacts on plant biomass and alter soil microbial community structure unless measures were taken to add supplemental N and labile carbon (C). 相似文献
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复垦土壤贫瘠,磷素含量极低,严重影响作物的生长发育。研究化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌对玉米产量和复垦土壤磷素形态以及酶活性的影响,为加速培肥矿区复垦土壤提供技术支持和理论依据。该研究在山西省晋中市采煤塌陷区进行了2a的定位培肥试验,共设置7个处理:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、化肥配施荧光假单胞菌(CFB)、单施有机肥(M)、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌(MB)、化肥配施有机肥(MCF)、化肥有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌(MCFB)。采集各处理土壤样品测定相关指标,并通过相关性分析和结构方程模型来探究各形态磷与有效磷以及土壤磷酸酶之间的关系。结果表明:1)在整个试验周期(2021—2022年),与CK相比,不同施肥处理均能显著提高玉米产量以及各形态磷素。其中,以MB处理下的玉米产量、有效磷、磷活化系数、不稳定态磷以及部分不稳定态磷含量最高,与CK处理相比,玉米产量显著提高2.4倍,有效磷含量、磷活化系数值、不稳定态磷含量、部分不稳定态磷含量分别显著提高4.5倍、4.67倍、0.98倍、1.16倍。2)与CK处理相比,化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够显著提高土壤微生物量磷以及酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,配施荧光假单胞菌后,微生物量磷水平和碱性磷酸酶活性均以MB较M处理提升效果最佳,分别显著提高27.08%和9.56%。3)结合相关性分析以及结构方程模型,随着荧光假单胞菌和化肥有机肥的施入,在提高不稳定态磷素含量的同时也提高有效磷的供应能力,促进磷素在农田生态系统中的循环转化,产生积极的正向影响。化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够一定程度上影响复垦土壤玉米产量及产量性状、各形态磷素及有效性和微生物活性,对复垦土壤脆弱的农田生态系统产生积极影响。 相似文献
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通过盆栽试验,采用Hedley连续浸提法研究不同生物质炭施用量处理(CK:0 t/hm2;B12:12 t/hm2;B36:36 t/hm2)对杉木幼苗土壤磷组分的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,试验180 d后B12和B36处理土壤全磷与有效磷含量分别增加了8.7%~26.0%和24.0%~101.7%,有效磷在全磷中的比例显著提高;土壤磷组分中,残余态磷在全磷及无机磷组分中的比例均最高,分别为48.5%~51.1%和58.7%~68.3%。B36处理下,土壤各无机磷组分均显著增加,其中易分解态磷和中等易分解态磷在无机磷中的比例显著提高,而稳定态磷和残余态磷的比例显著降低。中等易分解态磷占总有机磷的比例最高,达69.3%~70.2%,生物质炭施用对各有机磷组分在总有机磷中的比例影响均不显著,仅在B36处理下,土壤有机磷中易分解态磷和中等易分解态磷含量显著降低。冗余分析表明,土壤全碳与各无机磷组分呈显著正相关关系,与有机磷组分呈显著负相关关系,是影响土壤磷组分变化的关键因子。 相似文献
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长期施用氮磷肥对(土娄)土钾素的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以长期定位施肥与小麦一玉米轮作田间试验为平台,研究了施肥对(土娄)土土壤钾素的影响以及冬小麦生育期内(土娄)土土壤速效钾、缓效钾及微生物量钾的变化.结果表明:氮磷肥不同施用量对土壤全钾基本没影响,而对速效钾、缓效钾及微生物量钾的影响较大.土壤速效钾和缓效钾均随施肥量的增加而减少,而微生物量钾随施肥量的增加而增加,且0-20 cm土层土壤速效钾、缓效钾及微生物量钾含量均高于20-40 cm土层.小麦生育期内,土壤速效钾和微生物量钾含量的变化一致,均是先上升再下降,再上升,又下降的变化.土壤中微生物量钾与有机碳、全氮均呈显著正相关关系,而与土壤速效钾和缓效钾无显著相关关系.氮磷肥在一定施用量范围内,促进了土壤无机态钾素的消耗,而提高了土壤微生物量钾的含量.土壤钾素的这种变化是作物吸收、施肥等因素共同作用的结果. 相似文献
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生物炭施用对麦田土壤团聚体机械稳定性及春小麦产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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施用小麦秸秆或其生物炭对烟田土壤理化特性及有机碳组分的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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氮磷配施对黄土高原旱作农业区典型农田土壤无机磷形态的影响 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
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有机无机外源磷素长期协同使用对潮土磷素有效性的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
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Jianmin Li A. Egrinya Eneji Liusheng Duan Shinobu Inanaga Zhaohu Li 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):2001-2010
Conserving irrigation water resources is a most important measure for sustainable wheat production in the North China Plain. In the present study, the effect of phosphorus (P) application for saving irrigation water was evaluated. The application of fertilizer P increased nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, shoot biomass, head number, seed number and, consequently, grain yield, and increased soil water use and seasonal evapo-transpiration. The lower the volume of irrigation water applied, the more obvious were these effects. When winter wheat was basally fertilized with 88.5 kg P2O5/ha and irrigated with 90 mm at the jointing stage, the highest fertilizer P use efficiency, apparent P recovery and net profit (due to irrigation and/or fertilizer P) were obtained. The results suggested that fertilizer P should be used for saving irrigation water resources in the North China Plain. 相似文献