共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 27 毫秒
1.
选取湖南省东部地区12个由第四纪红色黏土发育的典型土壤剖面,在对其成土环境、剖面形态特征及其理化性质进行研究的基础上,按照中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出了其诊断层和诊断特性,据此确定了其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试土壤剖面包含了淡薄表层、暗瘠表层、低活性富铁层、黏化层、聚铁网纹层等10个诊断层和诊断特性,其在中国系统分类体系中的位置分别为：淋溶土、富铁土和雏形土3个土纲;湿润淋溶土、湿润富铁土和湿润雏形土3个亚纲;简育湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土和铝质湿润雏形土3个土类;暗红简育湿润富铁土、表蚀简育湿润富铁土、网纹简育湿润富铁土等6个亚类;按照土族和土系划分标准,建立了黏质高岭石型酸性热性-普通铝质湿润淋溶土等9个土族和燕塘系(43-LY01)等12个土系。研究发现：受亚热带气候影响,许多土壤剖面发生了富铁铝化过程,且由于淋溶强烈,孔隙周围形成了聚铁网纹层,而现行的《中国土壤系统分类检索（第三版）》还不能给出一个合适的位置,因此建议在铝质湿润淋溶土亚类中增设一个可以反映相关特性的网纹铝质湿润淋溶土亚类。 相似文献
2.
Peter Blaser Lorenz Walthert Stephan Zimmermann Elisabeth Graf Pannatier Jörg Luster 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(2):163-170
Soil chemical parameters related to soil acidity were determined for 1450 soil samples taken from individual mineral soil horizons in 257 forest soils in Switzerland, 196 developed from carbonate‐containing and 61 from carbonate‐free parent material. The distribution of pH values and exchangeable base cations in corresponding pH ranges were related to the capacity and rate of buffer reactions in the soil. Based on this, five acidity classes for individual soil samples were defined. To describe and classify the status of soil acidity and base saturation (BS) of an entire soil body, the pH and the BS of the total fine earth in the soil were calculated from the pH and BS, respectively, of the individual soil horizons and the estimated volumetric content of fine earth. The status of soil acidification of soil profiles was assessed primarily using the total amount of exchangeable acidic cations in percent of the CEC of the fine earth in the entire soil profile. As a second factor, the gradient between the acidity class of the most acidic soil horizon and the estimated acidity class at the beginning of soil formation was used. The application of these classification schemes to our collection of soil profiles revealed the great influence played by the type of parent material. The acidification status of most soils on carbonate‐containing parent material was classified as very weak to weak, whereas soils on carbonate‐free parent material were found to be strongly to very strongly acidified. In terms of parent rock material, microclimate, and natural vegetation, the results of this study and the proposed classification schemes can be considered appropriate for large parts of Europe. 相似文献
3.
湘东第四纪红色黏土发育的典型土壤在中国土壤 系统分类中的归属 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选取湖南省东部地区12个由第四纪红色黏土发育的典型土壤剖面,在对其成土环境、剖面形态特征及其理化性质进行研究的基础上,按照中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出了其诊断层和诊断特性,据此确定了其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试土壤剖面包含了淡薄表层、暗瘠表层、低活性富铁层、黏化层、聚铁网纹层等10个诊断层和诊断特性,其在中国系统分类体系中的位置分别为:淋溶土、富铁土和雏形土3个土纲;湿润淋溶土、湿润富铁土和湿润雏形土3个亚纲;简育湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土和铝质湿润雏形土3个土类;暗红简育湿润富铁土、表蚀简育湿润富铁土、网纹简育湿润富铁土等6个亚类;按照土族和土系划分标准,建立了黏质高岭石型酸性热性-普通铝质湿润淋溶土等9个土族和燕塘系(43-LY01)等12个土系。研究发现:受亚热带气候影响,许多土壤剖面发生了富铁铝化过程,且由于淋溶强烈,形成了聚铁网纹层,而现行的《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》还不能给出一个合适的位置,因此建议在铝质湿润淋溶土亚类中增设一个可以反映相关特性的网纹铝质湿润淋溶土亚类。 相似文献
4.
湘东地区花岗岩红壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了研究湖南省东部花岗岩红壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,选取湘东地区8个由花岗岩母质发育的典型土壤剖面,在对其成土环境、剖面形态特征及其理化性质进行研究的基础上,按照中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出了其诊断层和诊断特性,据此确定了其在中国系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试的8个土壤剖面包含了淡薄表层、暗瘠表层、低活性富铁层、黏化层等9个诊断层和诊断特性,其在中国系统分类体系中的位置分别为:淋溶土、富铁土和雏形土3个土纲;湿润淋溶土、湿润富铁土和湿润雏形土3个亚纲;简育湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土、酸性湿润淋溶土和铝质湿润雏形土4个土类;普通铝质湿润雏形土、普通简育湿润富铁土、普通铝质湿润淋溶土、普通酸性湿润淋溶土4个亚类;按照土族和土系划分标准,建立了黏壤质硅质混合型酸性热性-普通铝质湿润雏形土等6个土族和脱甲系(43-CS18)等8个土系。实践表明,目前的土族土系划分标准适用于供试土壤基层分类单元划分。与土壤发生学分类结果相比,土壤系统分类结果更能定量反映出湘东花岗岩母质发育土壤性状的差异,进而客观反映出土壤发育阶段和土壤类型的差异。 相似文献
5.
土壤侵蚀作用对黄土高原黏化层鉴定和淋溶土分类的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
黏化层是淋溶土的首要诊断标准。一般情况下,黏化层是在长期相对稳定的湿润淋溶条件下形成的。但黏化过程很可能因为气候变化和土壤侵蚀作用而被打断。本文以山西土系调查16个淋溶土剖面为研究对象,通过对各剖面黏化层与上覆下伏层、各剖面间的基本特征及其理化性状分析,探索土壤侵蚀作用对黄土高原黏化层鉴定和淋溶土分类的影响。结果表明:（1）黄土高原16个淋溶土剖面中大多数黏化层与上覆层之间的形态特征过渡明显,胶膜、黏化率、粉黏比以及石灰性强弱等理化性质均表明黏化层主要是淋溶淀积的结果;（2）根据诊断层与诊断特性,将这16个淋溶土剖面进一步分为表蚀铁质干润淋溶土、石化钙积干润淋溶土、简育钙积干润淋溶土和普通简育干润淋溶土等不同亚类;（3）表蚀亚类的黏化率明显低于其他几个亚类,而粉黏比与之相反;（4）依据胶膜存在而被鉴别为黏化层的诊断层是古土壤黏化层受地质剥蚀作用剥蚀后而出露地表的。这一结果与土壤系统分类诊断剖面只限于近地表1.5 m、最多不超过2.0 m深度有关,而如果按土壤地理发生分类,则这些古土壤黏化层会被认定为“红黏土母质”并在土属一级得到反映。 相似文献
6.
7.
In the profiles of cryozems (Oxyaquic Turbic Cryosols) developing in tundra of northern Yakutia under conditions of shallow active layer, suprapermafrost horizons of the accumulation of raw organic matter are formed. Taking into account their genesis, stable and regular position in the soil profile, paragenetic links with the overlying horizons and neighboring soil profiles, and a set of diagnostic features and properties, these horizons can be separated as a new type of genetic soil horizons—the organomineral accumulative suprapermafrost horizon (CRO). Its qualitative composition (the ratio of organic and mineral matter in the material) can be reflected at a lower level. In relation to the separation of the new genetic horizon within the framework of the new Russian soil classification system, a new genetic types of soils—cryozem with suprapermafrost accumulation of raw organic matter (suprapermafrost organo-accumulative cryozem)—can be established. Its diagnostic profile has the following horizonation: (O, AO, T)–CR–CRO–┬C. 相似文献
8.
Evaluation of the stoichiometry of base cations (BCs, including K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and silicon (Si) (BCs:Si) during soil mineral weathering is essential to accurately quantify soil acidification rates. The aim of this study was to explore the differences and influencing factors of BCs:Si values of different soil genetic horizons in a deep soil profile derived from granite with different extents of mineral weathering. Soil type was typic acidi-udic Argosol. Soil samples were collected from Guangzhou, China, which is located in a subtropical region. To ensure that the BCs and Si originated from the mineral weathering process, soil exchangeable BCs were washed with an elution treatment. The BCs:Si values during weathering were obtained through a simulated acid rain leaching experiment using the batch method. Results showed that soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties varied from the surface horizon to saprolite in the soil profile. The BCs:Si values of soil genetic horizons during weathering were 0.3-3.7. The BCs:Si value was 1.7 in the surface horizon (A), 1.1-3.7 in the argillic horizon (Bt), and 0.3-0.4 in the cambic (Bw) and transition (BC) horizons, as well as in horizon C (saprolite). The general pattern of BCs:Si values in the different horizons was as follows: Bt > A > Bw, BC, and C. Although BCs:Si values were influenced by weathering intensity, they did not correlate with the chemical index of alteration (CIA). The release amounts of Si and BCs are the joined impact of soil mineral composition and physical and chemical properties. A comprehensive analysis showed that the BCs:Si values of the soil derived from granite in this study were a combined result of the following factors: soil clay, feldspar, kaolinite, organic matter, pH, and CIA. The main controlling factors of BCs:Si in soils of different parent material types require extensive research. The wide variance of BCs:Si values in the deep soil profile indicated that H+ consumed by soil mineral weathering was very dissimilar in the soils with different weathering intensities derived from the same parent material. Therefore, the estimation of the soil acidification rate based on H+ biogeochemistry should consider the specific BCs:Si value. 相似文献
9.
This study deals with the change and evaluation of hydrological properties of peat soils (Histosols) in the course of soil development. Ash content, volumetric water content, and dry bulk density, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention function, and wetting properties were measured for 84 fen sites in 19 fen regions of North‐Eastern Germany. Soil development resulted in porosity decrease. On the contrary, the macropore space and the capillary rise increased. With the start of consolidation processes and the development of segregation structure, a'noticeable reduction of the macropores and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were observed. In course of soil development and decreasing of aggregate size, these processes reversed. Both parameters increased from segregation structure horizon to earthyfied fen and weak moorshyfied fen horizon, until they partly exceeded the starting values of pedogenetic almost unchanged fen in strongly moorshyfied stadium. Differences in wetting properties of peat could not be explained by the changes of peat properties in the course of soil development. 相似文献
10.
高潜水位平原区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤形态发育评价 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
土壤的形态特征含有丰富的环境信息,是环境变化与生态重建的重要依据,可以推断土壤发育的强弱。矿山复垦土壤为人造新土壤,可能构造出不同的土壤形态,复垦土壤形态特征的研究对复垦土壤生产力的提高和复垦技术的革新具有重要意义。该文以高潜水位平原区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤为研究对象,探讨定量评价复垦土壤形态发育状况。研究采用实地调查和室内分析相结合的方法,依据中国土壤系统分类用土壤剖面描述标准,构建了复垦土壤形态发育评价体系,进行土壤形态定量评价。结果表明,形态发育指数HI(土层发育指数)和WPDI(土壤权重剖面发育指数)能够较好的反映复垦土壤与当地原状土壤的发育程度差异:复垦土壤土层发育指数HI和土壤权重剖面发育指数WPDI平均值分别为0.57、0.56,而当地原状土壤HI和WPDI的平均值为0.68、0.69,表明复垦土壤形态发育程度相对较弱;HI曲线形状异于原状土壤,表层HI高于其他土层,不同复垦方式的WPDI显示的发育程度序列为:充填复垦(外源土)>挖深垫浅>挖深垫浅(泥浆泵)>充填复垦(粉煤灰、煤矸石等);随复垦时间的延长,复垦土壤发育程度呈现增长趋势。 相似文献
11.
《CATENA》2001,43(3):267-276
Four representative profiles of poorly developed soils on consolidated material were studied in the Sierra de Carrascoy (SE Spain). The soils, with A-A/R or A-C/R type profiles, have medium–low contents of organic carbon and nitrogen, and calcium carbonate occurs in only one of the profiles. The pH in aqueous suspension is slightly alkaline. The cation exchange capacity is medium–low, but varies slightly between profiles, and the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is low. There are wide textural differences. The clay fractions contain illite, kaolinite, vermiculite, smectites, chlorite, quartz and feldspars. The heavy fraction of the fine sand contains mainly opaque minerals and alterites, with some resistant minerals of metamorphic origin. The profiles are classified by F.A.O-I.S.R.I.C.-I.S.S.S. [World Reference Base for Soil Resources. World Soil Resources Reports 84. F.A.O., Rome, 1998] as Calcaric, Eutric and Hyperskeletic Leptosols. According to Soil Survey Staff [Soil Taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys, 2nd edn., United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999], they are all Lithic and Typic Xerorthents and Lithic Xeric and Xeric Torriorthents. The principal present-day pedogenetic processes in these soils are humification and clay formation. However, profile 1 has evolved from a fersiallitic soil with clay accumulation, although these features have almost disappeared because of erosion and modern humification, pedoturbation and recalcification. Its relict features consist of the remains of a paleoargic horizon inherited from earlier climatic conditions, which was later truncated and is now preserved only in more stable physiographic positions. 相似文献
12.
E. A. Mikhailova C. J. Post M. A. Schlautman J. M. Galbraith H. A. Zurqani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(15):1826-1834
Soil textural information is an important component underlying other soil health indicators. Soil texture analysis is a common procedure, but it can be labor intensive and expensive. Soil texture data typically are available from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, which may be an option for determining soil health texture groups (SHTG). The SSURGO database provides soil texture information in the soil map unit (SMU) name, taxonomic class category (family), and detailed values (≤ 2 mm soil fraction) of percent sand, silt and clay by soil horizon. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using SSURGO data for SHTG at the 147-ha Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in New York state as an alternative for soil texture data determined manually on collected soil core samples. Comparative results revealed that representative values for soil texture from the SSURGO database generally matched measured mean values for all SMUs. 相似文献
13.
选择陕西关中土垫旱耕人为土地区为样区,以该地区代表性土壤土垫旱耕人为土(土)为研究对象,在野外调查、室内分析及查阅大量有关剖面资料的基础上,根据中国土壤系统分类体系,对土垫旱耕人为土(土)的基层分类进行了研究。研究表明,应用土壤颗粒大小级别、矿物学型和土壤温度状况等3项指标对土族进行划分,在0~160cm的控制层段中小于2mm的土壤平均质地,多数剖面为粘壤土,少数为壤土或砂质壤土,矿物学型属伊利石型、伊利石混合型或蛭石型,土壤温度属温性或温热土壤温度状况。土垫旱耕人为土(土)土系的控制层段拟定为从表土层上界向下160cm,对于诊断层的底部在160cm以下的,则从表土层至诊断层的下部边界,特征土层有肥熟表层、土垫表层、暗沃表层、耕作淀积层、粘化层、粘质层、CaCO3高度淀积层、CaCO3中度淀积层、CaCO3低度淀积层、氧化还原层和稚育层。根据样区9个典型剖面,结合关中地区土垫旱耕人为土(土)的有关研究资料,划分了土族和土系,并描述了各土系的典型特征及土系间的变异情况。 相似文献
14.
Abstract A soil map is eonventionally prepared by an experieneed surveyor via the following three steps; (1) establishment of taxonomie class, (2) alloeation of sam pie into one of the classes, and (3) delineation of homogeneous areas in terms of mapping unit. These steps involve some degree of arbitrariness; thus soil maps prepared by two surveyors are never identical. The aim of this study is to define a eertain proeedure of soil map eompilation, by introdueing numerical handling of soil data, to obtain a reproducible and easy-to-prepare soil map, with the help of the funetions of the eomputer-based Soil Data Management System (COSMAS). The authors applied Hayashi's theory of quantification No. 3 to numerical representation of soil profiles based on the pattern of eombination of various soil attributes relevant to soil classification. The following four soH types were recognized in the seattergram plotted using numerical va lues assigned to the soH profiles; Gley Lowland SoH, Gray Lowland Soil, Brown Lowland Soil and Pseudogley SoH. Then, using these numerical values, diseriminant analysis was carried out to classify each profile into one of the above-defined soil types. As a result, 89.7% of the observed profiles were assigned to the same soil types as assigned by a surveyor in the filed. Area delineation for each mapping unit on the basis of soil type assignment and probabHity of membership of a respective soil type group at a sampled si te was automatieally performed by an "AUTOMAP" program whieh was newly developed for COSMAS for graphic representation of soil data. The numerically prepared soi! map showed reasonable agreement with the surveyor's. A wide range of users of soil survey data can prepare various maps using the procedure proposed in this paper. 相似文献
15.
不同耕作制度对土壤渗透性和玉米生长的影响研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
针对松辽平原玉米连作黑土在不同作制度下所形成的两种不同构型剖面(“平面型”剖面和“波浪型”剖面),对玉米产量有显著影响。通过模拟构型,研究了不同剖面构型的水分特征及其对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:“平面型”剖面构造改善了土壤的通透性,增加了土壤水分渗透的速率,减少了雨水径流。“波浪型”剖面耕层土壤的耗水量比“平面型”剖面的大,特别是后期,易发生水分亏缺现象。从作物生育时期降雨量分析来看,对于“平面型”剖面来说略有盈余,而“波浪型”却出现亏缺。“波浪型”剖面耕层土壤比“平面型”剖面更容易发生干旱现象,这可能是黑土区土壤易出现干旱现象的主要原因。在这种现象的作用下,使玉米生长过度依靠年度降水,将会出现年际产量的高波动性。 相似文献
16.
Pedogenetic soil horizons are one of the fundamental building blocks of modern soil classification; however, in soils of urban areas which are often strongly disturbed by human activities, horizons are difficult to distinguish but substitutive morphological layers may be identified. To identify the characteristic soil layers in an urban environment, 224 soil layers of 36 in-situ pedons were examined and described in urban and suburban Nanjing, and 27 variables were extracted for multivariate analysis. Three groups and six subdivisions were identified by TwoStep cluster analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis based on factor scores. Soil forming factors and soil forming processes could be interpreted from the principal component analysis （PCA） of variables, cluster analysis of soil layers, and discriminant analysis of soil layer groups and their subdivisions. Parent materials, moisture regimes, organic matter accumulation, and especially nutrient accumulation were the main causes of characteristic soil layer formations. The numerical approaches used in this study were useful tools for characteristic soil layer identification of urban soils. 相似文献
17.
半干旱平原地区土壤详测研究Ⅱ.土壤的发生、特性与土壤基层分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤基层分类是土壤发生分类系统中的基本单元,它是构成整个土壤发生分类系统的重要组成部分,不可强予机械割裂。不过由于工作范围的大小,工作精度的差别,研究时可分别有所侧重。如在人民公社(或生产大队)土壤详测中,与小比例尺土壤调查研究中即有所不同。大地区土壤研究,着重于了解土壤的地带性演化规律,对比土壤性态上重大的差异,主要研究土类、亚类特性。但人民公社的土壤差异,是在小地区内发生的,应着重了解土壤性态上的微小差异,更多研究土类、亚类以下,土壤基层分类单元的划分。而这些土壤性态变异情况,经常可以具体作为因地制宜安排生产的指标。我国土壤变化比较繁复,各不同地带中,土壤基层单元的划分指标并不尽同,如果能把不同土区的基层分类单元有明确的划分指标,将可细致地研究土壤发生分类;而且也可使土壤研究成果,更好地与农业生产情况结合起来。为此,我们在河北怀来西八里人民公社经堂房生产大队进行土壤群测时,也着重研究了土壤发生、特性与土壤基层分类周题,用以反映半干早平原地区土壤的变化情况。 相似文献
18.
宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点及系统分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土的成土特点和系统分类归属,在研究区内挖掘5个典型土壤剖面,经过剖面形态观测和分层取样分析,发现灌淤土主要的成土过程是人为耕作引起的土壤熟化过程、灌溉水和地下水共同作用引起的氧化还原过程以及灌溉水泥沙沉降引起的地表物理堆垫过程,有些地方还有盐渍化过程。依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》进行检索、鉴定,发现5个典型剖面的诊断依据有灌淤表层、肥熟表层、雏形层等诊断层和冷性土壤温度状况、石灰性和氧化还原特征等诊断特性以及钙积现象,5个典型剖面分别属于人为土土纲,旱耕人为土亚纲,灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,斑纹灌淤旱耕人为土、灌淤肥熟旱耕人为土和普通灌淤旱耕人为土3个亚类。依据《中国土壤系统分类土族与土系划分标准》将5个剖面按照控制层段土壤颗粒大小、矿物学类型的不同,初步建立5个土族和5个土系。将典型剖面在不同分类系统中的位置进行参比研究,表明发生分类与系统分类虽然并非简单一对一的关系,但却具有优势的对应关系;5个典型剖面在发生分类中归属为灌淤土土类,在中国土壤系统分类归属中为灌淤旱耕人为土和肥熟旱耕人为土2个土类,在美国土壤系统分类中归属为Inceptisols土纲,Ustepts亚纲和Haplustepts土类;相比之下,发生分类和美国土壤系统分类较为稳定,定量化的中国土壤系统分类分异性较大,使分类更加全面、细化。 相似文献
19.
关中地区塿土系统分类归属及代表土系建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塿土是关中地区受人为长期土粪堆垫而在原土壤表层形成明显堆垫层的重要农业土壤,其分类一直备受关注。为了解塿土的成土特点及系统分类归属,选取关中地区18个典型塿土剖面,通过野外成土因素、剖面形态调查与土样分析测定,依据中国土壤系统分类方案,确定其在高级和基层分类单元归属。结果表明,供试剖面包含堆垫表层、黏化层、钙积层等9个诊断层和诊断特性,隶属5个亚类,其中3个剖面为钙积土垫旱耕人为土,2个剖面为斑纹土垫旱耕人为土,8个剖面为普通土垫旱耕人为土,4个剖面为堆垫简育干润淋溶土,1个剖面为普通简育干润雏形土;按土族划分标准,可分为9个土族,其中13个剖面颗粒大小级别为黏壤质,5个为壤质;16个剖面矿物学类型为硅质混合型,2个剖面为混合型,土壤温度状况均为温性,14个剖面为石灰性,4个剖面为非酸性;按土系划分标准,18个剖面可划分为18个不同的土系。相关文献的71个塿土剖面的统计结果表明,堆垫层厚度介于17~97 cm,平均厚度为50.07 cm,因此堆垫表层以50 cm厚度为检索标准是适宜于划分典型塿土的高级分类归属的。为进一步完善中国土壤系统分类,强化对具有堆垫现象的雏形土有更强的区分能力和分类的准确性,建议在简育干润雏形土土类下增设堆垫简育干润雏形土亚类。 相似文献
20.
土壤颗粒组成是影响土壤肥力的主要物理性质之一.为了了解东北黑土腐殖质层厚度与土壤颗粒组成的关系,通过在东北典型黑土区选择典型坡面,调查不同地貌部位土壤腐殖质层厚度,测定耕层土壤的颗粒组成,分析腐殖质层厚度和耕层土壤颗粒组成随地貌部位的变化趋势,以及土壤颗粒组成与腐殖质层厚度的关系.结果表明:土壤腐殖质层厚度由上坡至坡脚... 相似文献