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Jari P.T. Valkonen 《Breeding Science》2015,65(1):69-76
Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) are viruses whose geographical distribution is expanding and economic losses are increasing, in contrast to most of other viruses infecting potato crops. Most potato cultivars lack broad-spectrum resistance to the new, genetically complex strains of PVY, and no efficient resistance to PMTV is known in potato. Control of the vectors of these viruses is not an efficient or possible strategy to prevent infections. Studies on molecular virus-host interactions can discover plant genes that are important to viral infection or antiviral defence. Both types of genes may be utilized in resistance breeding, which is discussed in this paper. The advanced gene technologies provide means to fortify potato cultivars with effective virus resistance genes or mutated, non-functional host factors that interfere with virus infection. 相似文献
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Potato progenies in a line x tester mating design and the clonal parents were screened for field resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) to determine the heritability of this trait. Twelve advanced potato clones or varieties were crossed as pistillate parents to two pollen testers. The seedling progenies and clonal parents were exposed to aphid-transmitted potato leafroll virus for two growing seasons. Cumulative infection by potato leafroll virus was determined by post-season sero-logical indexing of foliage grown from sprouted tubers after 2 years of exposure. Narrow-sense heritability was estimated from regression of mid-parent on progeny as h = 0.72. This estimate indicates a high level of useabie genetic variance for PLRV resistance in advanced breeding materials. Although variation in resistance to PLRV appears to be a quantitative trait in susceptible and moderately resistant clones, per-formance of the most resistant parents suggests that genes with major effects may be present. These results are similar to the conclusions of other researchers who found one or two genes controlling the pheno-types of extreme resistance, resistance to infection, or suppression of virus titre. 相似文献
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Summary The extreme resistance to ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV) of a clone of Lolium perenne L. was due to a combination of two distinct types of resistance: resistance to infection and resistance to multiplication and movement of virus within the plant. Resistance to infection was quantitatively inherited and highly effective against three strains of RMV, while resistance to multiplication and movement was controlled by two complementary recessive genes and was effective against only two of the three RMV strains. 相似文献
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马铃薯Y病毒siRNA介导抗病基因工程研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
马铃薯病毒病是危害马铃薯生产的重要因素,尤其马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)严重影响马铃薯产量和品质,为防治带来很大困难。近年来,通过基因工程技术培育抗病毒转基因植株为抵抗PVY侵染提供有效途径。简述了目前PVY病毒siRNA介导抗病基因工程的主要方法策略,包括PVY不同功能基因介导的病毒抗性差异、影响PVY抗病毒基因工程效率的主要因素以及PVY不同株系联合抗病基因工程研究概况,分析了这些方法存在问题及发展趋势,旨在为更好地控制PVY危害提供借鉴。 相似文献
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本文研究了马铃薯对卷叶和花叶病毒抗性的遗传及与产量性状的关系.结果表明,抗病性与群体产量没有显著的遗传相关性,抗病性主要通过保证马铃薯植株的正常生长发育而间接保持群体的高产稳产性能.马铃薯对卷叶病毒抗性、株高、茎粗、有效株率和主要产量性状的遗传主要由亲本的累加基因效应决定,且同一亲本在不同性状上的一般配合力效应差异较大.因此,抗病高产育种中各目标性状的协调选择是十分重要的.群体有效株率和茎粗的选择可使抗病性和丰产性同步提高.马铃薯对花叶病毒的抗性、加性和非加性作用同时存在.群体抗病性、有效株率和产量的遗传进度高,选择潜力大. 相似文献
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T.-H. Park V. G. A. A. Vleeshouwers E. Jacobsen E. van der Vossen R. G. F. Visser 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(2):109-117
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating diseases in potato cultivation and is mostly controlled by the application of chemicals. However, introduction of combinations of resistance ( R ) genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance from wild Solanum species into cultivated potatoes is considered the most practical and promising approach to achieve durable resistance. This can be realized via classical breeding or genetic modification (GM). Because classical breeding is very time-consuming and is often hampered by linkage drag, a GM approach seems logic in this heterozygous and vegetatively propagated crop. During the last decades, many R genes have been identified in several wild Solanum species. Some have been cloned and more will follow. When these genes are derived from species crossable with cultivated potato (so-called cisgenes), application in resistance breeding using a GM approach is similar to an introgression breeding approach, in that the exploited genes are indigenous to the crop. Pending deregulation or derogation of cisgenesis, the use of cisgenic R genes would be an ideal strategy to accomplish durable resistance in potato. 相似文献
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Summary Degeneration of seed tubers caused by viruses is a major constraint to potato cultivation in many warm tropical areas. Cultivars resistant to the most important viruses present a promising solution to such a problem. In a breeding study conducted at the International Potato Center (CIP), ten cultivars resistant to PLRV were crossed to five clones immune to PVX and PVY, as well as to a susceptible control. The resulting progenies were screened for PVX and PVY immunity. Afterwards, the resistant genotypes were fieldexposed to a PLRV-viruliferous aphid population. One tuber was harvested from each plant and used to assess, using ELISA serology, the presence of leafroll virus. The cultivars Serrana and Pentland Crown gave the best progenies in terms of percentage of healthy plants, with values of 47.4 and 33.3 respectively. The presence of joint infection of PLRV and PVY or PVX in the progenies of the susceptible control resulted in an increased susceptibility to leafroll. 相似文献
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Summary Traditional potato breeding is a laborious process in which, by intercrossing, valuable traits from different parental clones are combined in a progeny genotype. Depending on the availability of genes, molecular techniques can be used to add specific genes to existing cultivars that, although otherwise satisfactory, lack a lew commercially important traits. For virus resistance the gene for the coat protein of a given virus transplanted into the genome of the plant renders the plant resistant to that virus. In conferring such resistance to potato varieties it proved to be possible to preserve their intrinsic properties. 相似文献
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Y. Okada M. Nishiguchi A. Saito T. Kimura M. Mori K. Hanada J. Sakai Y. Matsuda T. Murata 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(3):249-253
Viral diseases of sweet potato are very prevalent and often seriously damaging to the plants. In particular, the severe strain of the sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV‐S) causes ‘obizyo‐sohi’ disease in Japan. In order to confer viral resistance against SPFMV using current biotechnology, a transgenic sweet potato has been produced, introducing hygromycin‐resistant (hpt) and SPFMV‐S coat protein (CP) genes, which have shown a significant resistance to SPFMV‐S. In the breeding programme, it is important to confirm that the viral resistance conferred in T0 plants can be inherited by their progeny. In the present study, progeny were obtained from crosses between the transgenic T0 and a non‐transgenic variety of sweet potato. The results showed that the CP gene was inherited by the next generation and that the stability of viral resistance was also confirmed. Thus, this production system for the virus‐resistant transgenic sweet potato is useful in practical breeding. 相似文献
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Barley yellow mosaic disease is caused by several viruses, i.e. barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and BaYMV-2. The reaction of different barley germplasms to the barley mosaic viruses was studied in field and greenhouse experiments. The results show a complex situation; some varieties are resistant to all the viruses, while others are resistant to one or two of them only. Crosses between different barley germplasms were earned out in order to test whether genetic diversity of resistance against mosaic viruses does exist, particularly, BaMMV. A total of 45 foreign barley varieties were crossed to German cultivars carrying the resistance gene ym4. In F2 of 27 crosses, no segregation could be detected, leading to the conclusion that the resistance genes of the foreign parents are allelic with ym4 e.g. Ym1 (‘Mokusekko 3’) and Ym2 (‘Mihori Hadaka 3’). A total of 18 crosses segregated in F2 indicating that foreign parents, like ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, ‘Iwate Omugi 1’, and “Anson Barley”, carry resistance genes different from the gene of German cultivars, e.g. ‘Asorbia’ or ‘Franka’. By means of statistical evaluation (Chi2-test), the observed segregation ratios were analyzed in order to obtain significant information on the heredity of resistance. All the resistance genes described here as being different from the gene ym4, act recessively. Most of the exotic varieties seem to carry only one resistance gene. In a few cases, more than one gene may be present. 相似文献
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Jagesh K. Tiwari Sundaresha Siddappa Bir Pal Singh Surinder K. Kaushik Swarup K. Chakrabarti Vinay Bhardwaj Poonam Chandel 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(3):237-245
Late blight is the most devastating disease of the potato crop that can be effectively managed by growing resistant cultivars. Introgression of resistance (R) genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the Solanum germplasm into common potato is one of the plausible approaches to breed resistant cultivars. Although the conventional method of breeding will continue to play a primary role in potato improvement, molecular marker technology is becoming one of its integral components. To achieve rapid success, from the past to recent years, several R genes/QTLs that originated from wild/cultivated Solanum species were mapped on the potato genome and a few genes were cloned using molecular approaches. As a result, molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes or QTLs offer a quicker potato breeding option through marker‐assisted selection (MAS). However, limited progress has been achieved so far through MAS in potato breeding. In near future, new resistance genes/QTLs are expected to be discovered from wild Solanum gene pools and linked molecular markers would be available for MAS. This article presents an update on the development of molecular markers linked to late blight resistance genes or QTLs by utilization of Solanum species for MAS in potato. 相似文献
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The Rysto gene from Solanum stoloniferum introduced into potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) confers resistance to potato virus A, potato virus V and potato virus Y (PVY). In addition to PVY, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and a TEV construct that encodes β‐glucuronidase (TEV‐GUS) were inoculated to determine the inheritance of resistance to these viruses in progenies obtained from potato cultivars containing the Rysto gene. While cultivars ‘Karlena’ and ‘Delikat’ were susceptible, ‘Bettina’ and clone 927eY were resistant to PVY, TEV and TEV‐GUS, as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, biotest and GUS assay, respectively. The segregation ratios obtained from the progenies of ‘Bettina’בDelikat’ and 816eY בKarlena’ indicate that resistances to PVY and TEV are governed by one dominant gene or two genes tightly linked in coupling phase. Evidently, Rysto confers broad spectrum resistance to potyviruses. TEV resistance could be reliably detected 4 days after inoculation with the TEV‐GUS construct by GUS assay. Therefore, the GUS‐tagged TEV construct can be used for early selection for resistances based on the gene Rysto or closely linked genes. 相似文献
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Jan Gielen Tineke Ultzen Sylvain Bontems Wouter Loots Alie van Schepen Annemarie Westerbroek Peter de Haan Mart van Grinsven 《Euphytica》1996,88(2):139-149
Summary Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infections rank among the most devastating diseases in the commercial culture of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), for which suitable sources of natural resistance are not available. The concept of pathogen-derived resistance, however, offers an alternate approach to combat plant viral diseases by transformation of crops with nucleotide sequences derived from the viral genome. This report demonstrates the successful application of such a pathogen-derived resistance gene comprising the CMV coat protein (CP) gene, to generate protection to CMV infections in cultivated tomato. Transformation of an inbred tomato line with the CMV CP gene isolated from a subgroup I strain, engendered high levels of protection to various CMV strains, including a virulent strain causing lethal necrosis and a typical subgroup II strain. Moreover, when challenged by natural infection through aphid vectors in open field, levels of protection were largely maintained in hemizygous hybrids. In all, these results demonstrate that synthetic resistance genes based on the CMV CP gene make excellent sources of broad spectrum resistance to CMV infections for introgression into tomato breeding programs. 相似文献
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为了快速提取植物叶片的总RNA,并对烟草病毒进行检测,对提取及检测方法进行了研究。结果表明：以黄瓜叶片、白肋烟叶片为试材,用TRIzol试剂盒在1 h内提取到纯度高、完整性好的总RNA。设计烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒和马铃薯X病毒的特异性引物,RT-PCR检测,从感病叶片中分别扩增出313,326,392 bp的目的片断,而健康叶片中无此扩增带。构建这3种病毒重组质粒,对核苷酸序列与GeneBank中报道的进行比较,同源性分别为99.36%,97.55%,98.21%。用这种方法快速、可靠,为烟草病毒的检测提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Summary S1 to S5 inbred lines, derived from a maize population bred for its overall resistance to three tropical viruses, were screened for resistance to maize streak virus (MSV) by artificial plant infection using viruliferous leafhoppers. Symptoms were rated and intra-line frequency distributions studied for all pedigree inbred lines. Mortality due to MSV was very low among these inbreds. Symptoms appeared later, developed slower and were less severe than in the susceptible control hybrid. Results of a study of 500 S1 and 93 S2 lines suggested that resistance is under genetic control via a system involving loci with major genes (with dominance for resistance) controlling high to complete resistance, associated with a genetic system involving loci with minor genes controlling partial resistance. Lines expressing complete resistance to MSV were developed from 5 cycles of inbreeding and selection. The relevance of such complete and partial resistance is discussed.Abbreviations MRPS
Mean Rating for Plants exhibiting Symptoms 相似文献