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人工笼养蛋鸡是一种实用、简单有效的养鸡方式,它不仅能充分利用原有鸡舍、圈舍,提高饲养密度(是平养的2.5倍),减轻劳动强度,提高管理定额(是平养的2倍),利于冬季保温,并大大减少了鸡与粪便的接触,减少了鸡只活动量和饲料浪费(一只蛋鸡一年可节约饲料1公斤左右),避免了消化系统疾病再感染的可能。但是,在光照过强,又没有断喙的情况下,其啄肛就较严重,夏季笼养鸡舍,降温也是很重要的技术工作之一。针对以上笼养蛋鸡的优缺点,我们是如何利用笼养蛋鸡,提高蛋鸡产量和经济收益的呢?现举我场人工笼养一车间生产工作及收益情况如下: 相似文献
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随着城镇化进程的加快，土地利用形势越来越严峻，用地难、用地成本高已是制约当前畜牧业发展的一个重要因素，因此，发展节约养殖用地、提高单位空间利用率的养殖模式是大势所趋。肉鸡叠层笼养模式，鸡舍设备组装是基础，环境控制是关键，采用叠层式笼养，饲养密度是平养的2~3倍，能增加饲养密度而减少占地30%~40%。但由于单位空间内养殖密度加大，该模式对环境控制要求更高，生产中很多鸡场因为环境控制做的不到位，影响了养殖效果，而鸡舍设备组装是否完备、合理又直接影响到环境控制效果。结合生产实践经验，对笼养肉鸡鸡舍设备组装及环境控制技术做如下介绍。 相似文献
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办好家庭蛋鸡场的关键措施１．要建好鸡舍：鸡舍应选座北朝南、避风向阳、排水容易、保持干燥的地方。蛋鸡可实行平养或笼养。平养：每平方米８～１０只，１００只蛋鸡要１０～１５平方米的鸡舍，另有３０平方米的运动场；笼养：一般可自制７０ｘ３５ｘ５０厘米的三层鸡笼... 相似文献
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封闭式自然气笼养蛋鸡舍，是北方蛋鸡生产的主要类型。本文依据环境测试技术的理论，剖析了围护结构保温与换气系统，指出该类型鸡舍的冬季换气量不能满足卫生要求，提出加强结构保温，增加余热以供换气，改善生产环境的技术方案。 相似文献
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1. Mortality and causes of death were recorded over two trials with 13045 Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL, white layer strain) and 4410 Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens kept in furnished small group housing systems and furnished cages. In trial 1, hens were housed from weeks 19 to 71 (LSL) and 17 to 69 (LB). In trial 2, LSL hens were housed from weeks 18 to 57. 2. The hens were kept in groups of 40 and 60 in the furnished small group housing system Eurovent 625 + a-EU and in groups of 10 and 20 in the furnished cages Aviplus and Eurovent 625A-EU. 3. To investigate the possible effect on mortality of rearing the birds on litter floors or in cages, in trial 2 half of the LSL hens were reared on the floor and half in conventional cages. 4. Mortality was greater in the Eurovent furnished small group housing system (5.2%) than in the furnished cages Aviplus (4.0%) and Eurovent (4.2%). 5. Mortality was also affected by the interactions among housing system and trial, layer strain and rearing. In trial 1, more LB laying hens died in the Aviplus system than in the Eurovent group system. There was no significant difference in mortality of the LSL laying hens between housing systems in trial 1. In trial 2, mortality of the LSL hens was greater in the group housing system (hens reared on litter floors: 10.1%; hens reared in cages: 2.8%) than in the furnished cage Aviplus (hens reared on litter floors: 6.0%; hens reared in cages: 1.5%). 6. Mortality was greater in floor-reared LSL laying hens than in the LSL laying hens reared in conventional cages. 7. Group size within housing system had no significant effect on mortality. 8. The most common findings at autopsy were different types of cannibalism (65.51%), with vent cannibalism (38.57%) the most common. 相似文献
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B. O. Hughes 《British poultry science》1977,18(1):9-18
1. In a multi‐choice test, with unfamiliar cagemates and group sizes of up to 6, the attraction of a cage was inversely proportional to the number of hens it contained, empty cages being chosen most often. This trend was modified but not abolished by the previous experience of being reared in pens in large groups.
2. In a factorially‐designed test all hens spent the greater part of their time in large rather than small cages; hens reared singly chose empty cages rather than cages occupied by one other unfamiliar bird, whereas group‐reared hens selected the occupied cages.
3. In two‐choice tests, a familiar group of 3 hens was strongly preferred to a strange group of the same size; the familiar group was also preferred to an empty cage, but less strongly so. 相似文献
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1. Conventional cages are to be replaced by furnished cages or aviary systems to improve the welfare of hens. We compared the performance and egg quality of hens reared in two designs of furnished cages and of two standard cages. We also explored the consequences of the absence of beak trimming when using these designs. 2. Hens (2028) were housed from 18 to 70 weeks of age in 108 standard cages at 6 per cage (60 cmx63.5 cm), in 96 cages at 5 per cage (59.5 cmx55.5 cm) or in two designs of furnished cage at 15 per cage (24 F15M cages and 36 F15P cages made by two manufacturers) which contained equipment varying in size and location (nests, dust baths and perches). Half of the hens were beak-trimmed in each design. 3. Mortality was low in beak-trimmed hens (<5%) but was unacceptably high in non-beak-trimmed hens due to cannibalism (>40%, 516 hens). Mortality was worse in standard cages than in furnished cages. Consequently, hen-housed egg production was significantly lowered in non-beak-trimmed hens. 4. Egg laying in beak-trimmed hens reared in furnished cages occurred mainly in the nest (80 and 84.8% in F15M and F15P) but also in the dust bath (13.3 and 9.4% in F15M and F15P) and in other parts of the cage (6.7 and 5.8% in F15M and F15P). 5. The total percentage of broken (visual observation) and hair-cracked eggs (candling) was high in the furnished cage designs (15.4 and 19.6% in F15M and F15P, respectively) compared with standard cage designs (8.1 and 12.2% in S6 and S5). This was mainly due to hair-cracked eggs, the highest percentages occurring in the nests, especially in the design with a narrow nest and no egg saver (11.1% in F15M compared to 17.6% in F15P) as a consequence of egg accumulation in the cradle and relatively low frequency of manual egg collection. 6. Eggshell quality (index and breaking strength) was only slightly influenced by cage effects so differences in egg breakage were attributable to impacts related to cage design. 7. It is concluded that beak trimming remains the most effective way to prevent cannibalism, although furnished cages with a large group of hens slightly reduced the incidence, and that further development and optimisation of furnished cages is needed to reach egg quality similar to standard cages. 相似文献
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The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs,cell‐mediated immune response,heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens 
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下载免费PDF全文 Erdal Matur İbrahim Akyazi Evren Eraslan Elif Ergul Ekiz Hüseyin Eseceli Mehmet Keten Kemal Metiner Deniz Aktaran Bala 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(2):284-292
The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the immune system were investigated in laying hens. A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th week. Liver weight decreased, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights, white blood cell count, CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions increased due to the transport. Environmental enrichment significantly increased antibody production and tended to increase monocyte percentage and CD8+ cell proportion. The effect of transport on, heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) percentages was not significant in RCC chickens. While heterophil percentage and H:L ratio increased, lymphocyte percentage decreased in REC chickens subjected to transport. Transport stress increased heterophil functions both in REC and RCC chickens, but the increase was higher in REC hens than in RCC hens. In conclusion, although environmental enrichment did not neutralize the effect of transport on lymphoid organs, it activated the non‐specific immune system, cellular and the humoral branches of the specific immune system by increasing heterophil functions, CD8+ cells and antibody production, respectively. Therefore, environmental enrichment suggested for improving animal welfare may also be beneficial to improve the immune system of birds exposed to stress. 相似文献
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Knierim U 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(11):459-463
There is a considerable lack of scientific evidence on the necessary feeder space with respect to the legal requirement that all hens of one battery cage must be able to feed simultaneously. Moreover it is likely that hens from different lines, differing in weight and width, have different space needs at the feeding trough. In order to ascertain the degree of simultaneous feeding in two types of laying hybrids with different weights, feeding activity was recorded in 29 cages, populated with four hens each with a feeder space of 12 cm per hen. Recordings took place over 6 days at seven feeding times under ad libitum feeding conditions. In all cages, the lighter and apparently slimmer LSL-hens (Lohmann Selected Leghorn, white) were able to feed simultaneously. However, for the somewhat heavier and apparently broader LT-hens (Lohmann Tradition, brown) this could not be observed in two of 16 cages. Nevertheless, was the average proportion of cages higher in LT-hens in which synchronous feeding of all hens could be noted at least once within each 30 minutes observation period. These were 35% of cages (LT) compared to 18% in LSL-hens (p < 0.001). Therefore, not only the physical space needs, but also possible differences in social and feeding behaviour may affect synchrony in different lines. In general, the proportion of observation time with simultaneous feeding was low (3.3% in LT, 1.7% in LSL, n.s.). As there are no comparable figures available for different feeder space allowances from the literature, an assessment of the presented data is not possible. Investigations on the synchrony of feeding behaviour in small groups of laying hens under varying environmental conditions and in different layer lines should be continued. 相似文献
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N G Gregory L J Wilkins S C Kestin C G Belyavin D M Alvey 《The Veterinary record》1991,128(17):397-399
The effects of rearing system, forced moulting and three different layer housing systems on broken bones and bone strength, were examined in hens at the end of lay. Weak bones and broken bones were more common in battery hens which had been reared to point of lay on deep litter rather than in cages. The incidence of old breaks was greater in perchery birds (14 per cent) than in tiered terrace birds (5 per cent), and there was also a difference between their incidence in two types of perchery design (17 per cent and 11 per cent). Moulting was associated with a transient decline in bone strength, followed by an increase in strength during the second lay. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):598-604
Two experiments and 3 field trials were conducted to examine the usefulness of a novel bedding material for rearing Large White commercial turkeys. The control bedding was pine shavings (PS) in both experiments and all trials. The novel bedding, aGroChips (AC), is a chopped paper product made from cotton lint waste, gypsum, and old newsprint following a proprietary paper manufacturing process. In both experiments, hens and toms were reared according to typical industry techniques. In the first experiment, use of AC resulted in significantly (P <0.05) heavier toms and hens. In the second, the toms brooded and reared on AC were significantly (P <0.05) heavier than those brooded and reared on PS, whereas toms brooded on one bedding and then reared on the other were intermediate in weight. There were no differences in final cumulative FCR or carcass yield in either experiment. Three field trials were conducted with Large White commercial turkey hens in which the hens were brooded either on PS or AC, with both groups reared on PS. There was a mean increase of 0.2 kg in BW, a decrease (improvement) of 0.03 in FCR, and an increase of 3,200 kg per trial for AC-brooded birds (based on 16,000 hens placed per brooder house). A hard, dry litter crust was observed in the AC houses. With subsequent testing, further changes in the manufacturing process to create a hard, durable pellet may result in a more usable and useful bedding material. 相似文献
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A prospective longitudinal field study was conducted in the period from January 1994 to January 1996 to analyse the relationship between some selected risk factors in the growing and laying periods and (1) the flock-level occurrence of Marek’s disease (MD) during the period from 16 to 32 weeks of age and (2) the cumulative mortality during the same period. A total of 171 layer flocks in 102 egg-production farms were included in the statistical analyses.
A logistic regression (with strain of layer and vaccination program against MD as fixed effects) of flock-level MD-status during the first 16 weeks of the laying period was conducted. Of the risk factors investigated, “multi-age management” and “housing system” were significantly associated at the rearing farm, and “number of hens in each cage” at the egg-production farm. Flocks kept in single-age facilities had a lower risk of MD than flocks housed in farms with multi-age management. The odds of MD were larger for flocks housed on a litter floor in the rearing farms compared to flocks housed in battery cages. At the egg-production stage, flocks kept in battery cages housing more than three hens were at greater risk of MD than those held in cages for three hens or less.
A weighted least-squares regression (with strain of layer and flock-level MD-status as fixed effects) of cumulative mortality during the period from 16 to 32 weeks of age was also run. The same risk factors (with the same directions of effects) and “size of the rearing farm” were included in the final model of mortality. Chicks reared in medium-sized farms were at higher risk of dying than those coming from either small or large rearing farms. Our results confirm the importance of preventing chicks from being exposed to MD-virus during the rearing period, to reduce the risk of MD-outbreaks (and thereby, mortality losses) during the early stage of the egg-laying period. 相似文献