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1.
为创制六倍体小黑麦(TriticosecaleWittmack)-普通小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)异染色体体系,将六倍体小黑麦的优良基因导入到普通小麦中,以六倍体小黑麦品种Presto为母本、普通小麦品种晋农190为父本,配置杂交组合,对双亲及其杂种F2种子根尖细胞进行有丝分裂观察,确定其染色体数目并进行核型分析。结果发现,双亲的染色体数目均为42,父本晋农190的核型公式为2n=42=36m(2SAT)+6sm,核型类型为1A;母本Presto的核型公式为2n=42=26m(4SAT)+4M+12sm,核型类型为2A。杂种F2中F2-3为双单体附加系,其核型公式为2n=44=36m(3SAT)+4sm+1m+1m,核型类型为1A。通过对染色体的形态、短臂和长臂的长度、臂比及相对长度系数进行分析,可初步推断杂种F-3附加的可能是母本的7号和21号染色体。 相似文献
2.
为了创造小麦-长穗偃麦草染色体易位系,本研究将“中国春”-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系与“中国春”-柱穗山羊草2C二体附加系进行了正反交、F1代自交和回交,利用细胞遗传学等方法对杂种后代进行了鉴定。以“中国春”-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其杂交当代结实率平均为37.3%,而以“中国春”-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其平均结实率为28.19%,二者差异显著（P<0.05）。杂种F1代自交结实率平均为31.45%,用“中国春”-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为父本的F1代回交结实率为38.82%,二者差异显著（P<0.05）。在杂交后代有丝分裂和减数分裂中观察到了染色体畸变现象,说明杀配子染色体2C在配子的形成过程中起作用。这些研究结果为进一步创制小麦-长穗偃麦草3E染色体易位系奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
《中国农学通报》2010,(15)
为了创造小麦-长穗偃麦草染色体易位系,将‘中国春’-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系与‘中国春’-柱穗山羊草2C二体附加系进行了正反交、F1代自交和回交,利用细胞遗传学等方法对杂种后代进行了鉴定。以‘中国春’-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其杂交当代结实率平均为37.3%,而以‘中国春’-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其平均结实率为28.19%,二者差异显著(P0.05)。杂种F1代自交结实率平均为31.45%,用"中国春"-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为父本的F1代回交结实率为38.82%,二者差异显著(P0.05)。在杂交后代有丝分裂和减数分裂中观察到了染色体畸变现象,说明杀配子染色体2C在配子的形成过程中起作用。这些研究结果为进一步创制小麦-长穗偃麦草3E染色体易位系奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
大白菜-结球甘蓝2号单体、双体异附加系的获得与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大白菜-结球甘蓝异源三倍体(AAC,2n=3x=29)与二倍体大白菜(AA,2n=2x=20)回交一代BC1F1及其自交后代BC1F2为试验材料,经过细胞学观察和核型分析,于BC1F1中鉴定出了附加甘蓝2号染色体的大白菜-结球甘蓝单体异附加系,于BC1F2中鉴定出了附加甘蓝2号染色体的大白菜-结球甘蓝双体异附加系,并对其进行了减数分裂与植株形态学观察.该异附加系的获得为分析大白菜和甘蓝的亲缘关系,进一步获得大白菜和结球甘蓝易位系、代换系提供了基础材料. 相似文献
5.
两优932中不同串粉混杂株型的DNA指纹分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合快速银染检测,利用筛选到的5对SSR引物建立了两优932的6种不同串粉混杂株型的DNA指纹图谱。分析结果表明,6份材料的SSR指纹不同,5对SSR引物区分这6份材料的能力也各不相同,其中RM277的区分能力最差,在4份材料中扩增出与真杂种F1相同的带,RM287和RM302的区分能力最强,在4份材料中都扩增出与真杂种F1不同的带型。最后根据区分特异带与真杂种F1带型的难易程度,确定RM302为鉴定两优932种子纯度的首选引物。 相似文献
6.
菜心杂交一代品种的灰色综合评判 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用灰色评判法对六个菜心杂交一代品种分析的结果表明:菜心9个性状(单株重、株高、叶柄及叶长、最大叶宽、茎粗、根重、叶柄及叶重、茎薹重、叶片数)的权系数分别为:0.163、0.111、0.118、0.099、0.117、0.093、0.118、0.068、0.112;品种的灰色综合评判值大小顺序为:A5＞A1＞A2＞A4＞A3＞A6;其中A1、A5的灰色综合评判值＞0.789,为一级F1品种;A2、A4的灰色综合评判值介于0.700～0.753之间,为二级F1品种;A3、A6的灰色综合评判值＜0.636,为三级F1品种. 相似文献
7.
众所周知,农业用水的缺乏严重影响着世界干旱地区农业的发展,尤其影响着水稻的生产。育出具有耐旱特性的水稻品种从而经济地利用水分是一个重要的课题。前人的研究表明野生稻Oryza属中有许多种具有耐旱性,如果水稻栽培种也具有耐旱性,那将会更能适应环境节约用水,大大地提高水稻的收获面积及适应性。Oryza meridionalis 和Oryza australiensis具有耐旱特性,试验旨在通过远缘杂交将野生稻Oryza meridionalis 和 Oryza australiensis的耐旱特性转移到栽培稻Oryza Sativa。用Oryza meridionalis花粉对Oryza sativa共2419朵小花进行杂交授粉,并对杂交获得的18粒F1代未成熟种子进行了胚胎拯救,最终仅有一粒F1种子发芽并发育成植株,并获得一粒F2代种子,其杂交率为0.46%,萌芽率为50%,F1代杂种的结实率为0.024%;用Oryza australiensis花粉对Oryza sativa共1848朵小花进行杂交授粉,并对杂交获得的48粒F1代未成熟种子进行了胚胎拯救,有11粒F1种子发芽并发育成植株,全部不育,其杂交率为0.60%,萌芽率为31.1%。同时,还对F1代杂种的形态学和农艺学特性进行了观察,最后还讨论了提高杂交率的方法及伪杂种的问题。 相似文献
8.
采用SDS-PAGE电泳技术对辣椒F1杂种02-16及其亲本种子蛋白进行分析,杂种纯度为96.0%;苗期真叶POD同工酶电泳也可明显区分假杂种,纯度检测结果为96.7%.研究了Mg2 、dNTPs浓度对扩增结果的影响,建立起适合辣椒的RAPD-PCR体系;从91个引物中筛选出父母本有差异的引物3个,利用引物N5对F1纯度进行初步鉴定,检测结果为95.5%.3种方法检测与田间小区鉴定结果96.2%基本一致,表明这3种方法可作为辣椒F1杂种02-16纯度快速鉴定的有效手段.RAPD分析还揭示了辣椒栽培种内遗传多样性较低. 相似文献
9.
10.
黑芥与诸葛菜远缘杂交研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以黑芥和诸葛菜为亲本,进行远缘杂交,通过子房培养成功地获得了属间杂种,并对杂种进行了形态学和分子鉴定。结果表明,以黑芥为母本,诸葛菜为父本的正交组合获得了1株真杂种,结籽率为0．72％,而以诸葛菜为母本,黑芥为父本的反交组合没获得杂种;取授粉后第7天的子房离体培养效果较好;以MS为基本培养基并附加一定量的植物激素2mg／L6-BA和0.2mg／LNAA培养子房效果较好。杂种一代植株呈现中间型,一些性状介于两亲本之间,一些性状倾向于母本。花粉育性观察表明,杂种一代表现为完全的雄性不育。SSR鉴定结果表明,形态上有变异的1株杂种为真杂种。 相似文献
11.
Maternal Effects on the Expression of Individual Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Seeds and Seedlings of Brassica napus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An investigation into the glucosinolate profile of seed and leaf tissue of F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses between B. napus‘Cobra’ and a synthetic B. napus line was undertaken to test hypotheses concerning the site of biosynthesis of seed glucosilates. The profile of the seed aliphatic glucosinolates was dentical to the maternal parent suggesting the absence of glucosinolate biosynthesis and glucosinolate interconversion within the embryo and the transfer of fully formed glucosinolates from maternal tissue into the developing seed. In cotyledons, while there was no evidence for de novo glucosinolate biosynthesis, there was evidence for side chain modication and the interconversion of existing glucosinolates. in true leaves, the glucosinolate profile of the reciprocal F1 hybrids were identical, and in accordance with that expected from the F1 genotype. 相似文献
12.
Chun-Qing Sun Fa-Di Chen Nian-Jun Teng Zhao-Lei Liu Wei-Min Fang Xi-Lin Hou 《Euphytica》2010,174(1):51-60
Chrysanthemum grandiflorum ‘Yuhuaxingchen’ is an important commercial chrysanthemum cultivar with excellent ornamental quality but low drought tolerance,
whereas C. indicum has exceptional drought tolerance. In our earlier study, many hybrid seeds between them were obtained through interspecific
hybridization. In the present study, we selected six putative hybrid lines with most drought tolerance from all the hybrid
lines by withholding water, indentified their facticity by chromosome counting, and then evaluated their drought tolerance
through determining foliar electrolyte leakage (EL), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, and plant survival rate
after 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 treatment. It was found that 155 out of 282 seeds germinated and only 132 seedlings survived.
In addition, chromosome and morphological analysis showed that the six putative hybrids were real hybrids and their morphological
features were intermediate between their parents. Furthermore, the density of leaf epidermal hair, proline content, and plant
survival rate were the highest in C. indicum and the lowest in C. grandiflorum among the six hybrids and their parents. In contrast, EL value and MDA content were the highest in C. grandiflorum and the lowest in C. indicum. These results suggest that some true hybrids with improved drought tolerance can be obtained through interspecific hybridization
in chrysanthemum breeding. Therefore, interspecific hybridization between chrysanthemum cultivars and their wild species may
become a promising way to improve their biotic and abiotic resistance in the future breeding. 相似文献
13.
14.
西南骨干玉米自交系主要农艺性状和产量正反交杂优效应分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了比较玉米自交系主要农艺性状和产量的正反交杂优效应,以9份西南地区骨干玉米自交系组配的72份单交种为材料,采用随机区组试验,对自交系及其正反交杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量进行比较研究。结果表明,正反交效应对不同玉米自交系杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量的影响不同;T检测表明,大多数玉米自交系正反交杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量差异不显著。玉米自交系海9-21、5003、478正反交杂种F1代在穗粗、百粒重、单穗粒重、穗下茎节强度及穗位高等性状上差异显著或极显著。由此得出,不同自交系正反交杂种F1代在主要农艺性状和产量上具有不同的杂种优势,其中穗位高/株高具有负向杂种优势。由于玉米穗位高/株高具有负向杂种优势,即杂种F1代穗位高/株高值较自交系有所降低,因此在自交系选育时,不宜对亲本材料过分追求低的穗位高/株高。 相似文献
15.
以普通小麦京冬8号为母本,八倍体小黑麦劲松5号为父本,杂交获得杂种F1代。在对杂种F1代和亲本进行形态学和细胞学鉴定的基础上利用扫描电子显微镜对亲本和杂种F1代的叶表皮及气孔亚显微形态进行比较,得知3种供试材料叶表皮亚显微形态共同的特征是有气孔器、长细胞和毛细胞,细胞排列与叶脉平行,但母本普通小麦的叶表皮细胞轮廓清晰,排列较为整齐、光滑,气孔排列呈直线,哑铃状的保卫细胞有长短不一的刺毛;父本八倍体小黑麦的气孔周围有横向和纵向排列的嵴状凸起,气孔呈长方形、较大,排列方式总体也呈直线型,保卫细胞非常明显,但刺毛极少且短;杂种F1代无论是叶表面还是气孔的亚显微形态都与父本更相似,所不同的是叶表皮有刺毛,气孔大小介于两亲本之间。杂种F1代与双亲在形态学、叶表皮及气孔超显微形态特征上均有明显差异;超显微形态学指标也可以作为区分、鉴定远缘杂种和亲本的一项依据。 相似文献
16.
A. Kruse 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):791-802
Summary The yield performance is described of pure lines obtained from doubled monoploids and their corresponding polycross and pair-cross hybrids. The total dry matter yields of fifteen pure lines averaged 60–90% of the yields of the progenitor and control varieties. Seven of the resultant polycross hybrids gave dry matter yields similar to or higher than the progenitor varieties, whilst the remaining hybrids were less productive than their parental lines. In pair-cross hybrids significant reciprocal differences were found in some cases. This was attributed to differences in self-fertility and the degree of self-fertilization in reciprocal crosses. Based on the frequency of offspring with white or coloured roots, self-fertilization frequencies ranging from 14% to 92% were found. It is estimated that in the event of complete cross-fertilization, the yields of certain pair-cross hybrids would have exceeded those of the control varieties by 9–29%. 相似文献
17.
G. S. Yang C. B. Chen G. L. Zhou C. N. Geng C. Z. Ma J. X. Tu T. D. Fu 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):57-61
Reciprocal hybridization between four self-incompatible lines of Brassica napus: 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’, revealed incompatibility. The reciprocal F1s obtained by bud pollination showed self-incompatible reactions, and no segregation for self-incompatibility was observed in all the reciprocal F2 populations, indicating that lines 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’ were genetically identical with regard to self-incompatibility. Observations of self-incompatibility in 17 hybrids from crosses between line 271 and 17 varieties of B. napus showed 10 of the F1 hybrids to be self-compatible, while four were partially self-compatible and three were self-incompatible. Genetic analysis based on F2 and BC1 populations from five self-compatible F1 hybrids and two self-incompatible F1 hybrids suggested the existence of at least two loci controlling the self-incompatibility of line 271: one is the S locus, with dominant and recessive relationships between the S alleles, and the other is the suppressor (sp) of the S locus. The sp locus is genetically different from the S locus, and also shows dominant and recessive relationships between the sp alleles. 相似文献
18.
Anther culture was applied as a method to develop the essential components of a cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid system in
rye (Secale cereale L.). These components are the male sterile seed parent (A line), its isogenic maintainer counterpart (B
line) and the restorer pollen parent (R line). Australian rye cultivars were crossed reciprocally to the cultivar ‘Luchs’
which carries the Pampa male sterile cytoplasm (cms-P). Anthers of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm (primary cross) and their
reciprocals in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) were cultured in a modified C17 medium. Male sterile and male fertile
doubled haploids were obtained from the anther culture of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm. Testcrosses indicated that the male
sterile doubled haploids were A lines and the male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers). The anther culture of
genotypes in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) gave all male fertile doubled haploids. Testcrosses indicated that the
male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers) in the normal cytoplasm. The expected maintainer B lines were not identified
because of the limited number of doubled haploids obtained from the anther culture of reciprocal crosses. Experimental single
cross hybrids between male sterile and restorer male fertile doubled haploids showed high levels of heterosis. The results
of this study have significant economic implications especially in the production of hybrids in several species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Fengyang Yu Wenji Xu Yuee Xiao Gangjun Luo Qingxiang Jia Yang Zheng Xiaoying Bi 《Euphytica》2017,213(12):273
In a previous investigation on the reciprocal difference of interspecific hybridization between three different flower colors of Iris dichotoma and Iris domestica in the F1 offspring from crosses where I. domestica was a maternal parent were similar in morphological and cytological characters to their maternal parent. This could be evidence of apomixis; however, matroclinal progeny with complete morphological similarity to the maternal parent could be attributed to the heterozygosity for these characters in the pollen parent. The F1 plants were investigated in order to identify apomixis in I. domestica. Four matroclinal plants were randomly selected from each F1 population produced from Iris domestica × Iris dichotoma that had three different colors of flowers and were allowed to self-pollinate to establish an F2 population. All of the F2 plants had no segregation to I. domestica in their morphological characters. In addition, 13 reciprocal F1 plants were detected by 25,719 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. When I. dichotoma plants with three different flower colors were used as maternal parents, all the progenies were genuine hybrids. When I. domestica were used as maternal parents, all the F1 plants were apomictic progenies. Apomixis of I. domestica was successfully identified and SNP markers identified F1 hybrids derived from six interspecific crosses between I. dichotoma and I. domestica, which provides a reference for authenticating offspring identity during Iris cross breeding in the future. 相似文献
20.
杂交水稻茎秆形态学优势性状与抗倒伏能力研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以茎杆粗壮型海南野生稻S和安仁籼稻、R199、武育粳、R215及其配制组合F1为材料，研究杂交水稻茎秆形态学优势性状与抗倒伏能力的关系，结果表明：海南野生稻s的茎秆基部抗折断能力较强，基部节间结构较优，株高和茎杆长度合理，基部伸长节间较短、充实度高，是一个茎秆物理性状良好、抗倒伏能力强的光温敏核不育系材料；以海南野生稻S为母本与安仁籼稻、武育粳、R199和R215所配制的组合F1茎秆基部抗折断能力和充实度、基部伸长节间粗度、横切面面积和茎壁厚度等性状明显优于其父本并袁现出一定的平均优势或超亲优势，株高较父本明显增加，但基部伸长节间长度较父本短，具备抗倒伏性较强的生物学基础。 相似文献