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基于图像处理技术的5种红树林叶片形态特征及叶绿素相对含量的估测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究基于计算机视觉的图像处理技术获得的红树林叶片形态特征和叶绿素相对含量,以5种红树林为研究对象,分析其叶片形态特征及建立叶片颜色参数和叶绿素相对含量的回归模型,为苗木培育及营养诊断提供理论依据。结果表明：基于图像处理技术获得红树林叶片形态特征值是可信的,5种红树林叶片形态特征（叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶周长、叶片形态因子）存在显著差异。红海榄和木榄单片叶片最大,其次是秋茄和桐花树,白骨壤叶片最小,白骨壤叶片形态接近椭圆形,红海榄和秋茄2种红树叶片属于长条型,木榄和桐花树叶片形态类似,红海榄叶长和叶宽相关性最强。5种不同种类红树林的SPAD值和Dualex值差异性显著。利用数码相机获取5种红树林叶片彩色图像,通过图像处理软件提取RGB以及通过差值、比值、标准化值、归一化值等运算组合的28种颜色特征值,与叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值、Dualex 值）进行回归分析,B值与SPAD值极显著相关,(R+B+G)/3、R/B、G/B与SPAD值显著相关;18种颜色特征参数与Dualex值显著相关,其中相关系数最大的为G-B和G值。因此,可依据颜色特征参数（R、G、B）建立相应的统计模型进行红树林叶片叶绿素含量的估测,进而为检测红树林生长、诊断营养状况以及进行水肥精确管理提供理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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根椐文昌市八门湾红树林区自然条件和植被分布特征，设置研究样地对该区植物群落特征进行调查，研究不同区域红树林的多样性特征，并对八门湾红树林群落不同乔木树种重要值进行计算。结果显示：八门湾红树林区共有植物28科42属48种，其中乔木层共有植物17科24属29种，重要值前5位的树种是黄瑾、海莲、榄李、正红树、木果楝；灌木层共有植物3科3属3种，包括东风橘、马樱丹、鹊肾树；草本层共有植物11科16属16种，主要有卤蕨、夜香牛、老鼠簕、海芋、金腰箭、菊三七等。不同区域红树林物种多样性存在较大差异，半红树林区香浓-维纳指数、丰富度均大于其它3个红树林区。八门湾红树林区树种组成丰富、结构复杂，但受多种干扰因素的影响，群落多样性分布不均。建议通过加强人工防护，使群落多样性更加丰富。 相似文献
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[目的]为掌握海南省文昌市红树林湿地资源现状,加强红树林湿地资源保护和恢复提供对策建议。[方法]以文昌市沿海乡镇分布的红树林湿地资源为调查对象进行调查研究。[结果]文昌市现有红树林湿地资源面积1 411.426 8 hm2,其中有林地（全部为天然林）占89.10%,未成林造林地占10.90%;红树林以文城镇分布最多（44.05%）;全市共分布红树植物16科35种,占全国37种红树种类的94.59%,以海莲（Bruguiera sexangula）(40.73%)、榄李（Lumnitzera racemosa）(21.89%)、红树（Rhizophora apiculata）(11.80%)、红海兰（Rhizophora stylosa）(10.82%)等树种为主。[结论 ]文昌市红树林湿地资源丰富,建议加大红树林造林规模,促进红树林保护和恢复。 相似文献
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海南东寨港无瓣海桑—海桑人工红树群落结构特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析红树外来种无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)与本地种海桑(S.caseolaris)在热带地区混种17年后的群落结构特征,结果表明:(1)两种红树树种均适合在滩涂前缘生长,且长势良好,但无瓣海桑的长势要优于海桑,无瓣海桑树高、胸径、冠幅甲均值分别为10.6 m、15.06 cm和3.43 m,海桑为9.56 m、12.69 cm和2.23 m,两者在群落中的重要值指数分别为68.02%和24.69%;(2)群落中有秋茄(Kandelia candel)、桐花树(Aegicerascorniculatum)等乡土红树植物的自然更新现象,表明"引进种 本地种"的人工恢复模式可以促进乡土红树的更新,尤其是在滩涂前缘;(3)通过数量和立木结构分析可推测,随着群落的发展,群落中的无瓣海桑和海桑会逐渐被秋茄、桐花树等乡土物种替代,从而达到本地物种的生态恢复. 相似文献
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采集广西山口8种红树林植物的多个部位,采用2种培养基分离培养红树林内生真菌;采用挖块法和琼脂扩散法对4种细菌和3种真菌进行抗菌试验。结果显示,从8种红树植物的根、茎、枝和叶上分离出104株内生真菌,叶片中共分出43株菌,数量最多。从白骨壤上分离得到菌株20株,占总菌株数的19.23%,比例最高。根据形态观察,内生真菌隶属8个类群及不产孢类,其中不产孢类46株,数量最多,其次是青霉属。抗菌试验筛选出20株内生真菌对至少1种指示菌具有抗菌活性。表明红树林内生真菌菌种资源丰富,这些菌株具有良好的抗菌活性,值得深入研究。 相似文献
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通过野外实地调查对海南省万宁市大洲岛的海杧果群落特征及其物种多样性进行研究,以期为海杧果的种质保护、海防林物种的合理搭配及红树林生态恢复提供参考。结果表明：调查样方内有维管束植物62种,隶属于37科58属。乔木层的优势种为海杧果,重要值为36.45%;灌木层的优势种为矮紫金牛,重要值为8.31%;草本层的优势种为观音草,重要值为25.53%。种子植物区系成分以热带成分占优势,泛热带分布的科属最多,分别为27科、17属。群落物种丰富度Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度Pielou指数排序均为灌木层>乔木层>草本层,优势度Simpson指数为灌木层>草本层>乔木层。本调查明确了大洲岛海杧果群落的伴生物种及该群落特征,可为红树林生态恢复及海防林建设提供参考。 相似文献
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植物抗氧化研究对寻找高效率、低毒性天然抗氧化剂具有重要的指导意义。以在海南分布较广的红树林植物海莲进行抗氧化活性研究,以期对海莲开发利用的可能性提供理论依据。采用清除DPPH自由基和清除ABTS自由基对海莲不同部位———根、茎、叶、花的乙酸乙酯提取物进行抗氧化能力评价,采用比色法和福林酚法测定总黄酮和总酚含量。结果显示,海莲茎的提取物在4个部位中抗氧化活性最好,清除二者的IC50分别为(0.234±0.053)mg/m L和(0.196±0.080)mg/m L,海莲中酚类物质含量较大,4个部位中茎的总酚含量最多,含量为13.2 mg。说明海莲各部位均显示出了较好的抗氧化能力,具有较好的开发潜力。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献