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以黄檗3 a生幼树为材料,对不同栽植密度的生物量进行研究,结果表明:栽植当年和翌年秋季的成活率与保存率分别为92%和91%。不同株距树高、地径生长量均达到极显著差异(P0.01),树高、地径生长量从大到小顺序依次为株距0.5 m1 m0.3 m1.5 m;而不同行距对树高、地径生长量均无影响。采用一元生物量模型计算生物量,总生物量最大的种植密度为33 300株·hm~(-2)(株行距0.3 m×1.0 m),可产生干物质3 930.06 kg·hm~(-2);最小的为3 300株·hm~(-2)(株行距1.5 m×2.0 m),干物质仅为344.08 kg·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
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闽南山地桉树造林株行距配置效应研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
对巨尾桉、尾叶桉 3种株行距配置造林试验研究表明 ,在同为 16 6 5株·hm-2 造林密度的情况下 ,不同株行距配置对林分生长、抗逆性、林内光照强度、林下凋落物及林地土壤肥力的影响有所差异。闽南山地造林采用 2m× 3m或 1 5m× 4m的配置并按“品”字型排列植穴所形成的营养空间较为合理 ,有利于林分生长和地力维持 ;而 1m× 6m的配置 ,表现出风折木多、林下植被旺盛、枯枝落叶量少、土壤养分含量少及林分生产力低等特点。 相似文献
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珍稀树种南方红豆杉造林技术试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过试验研究不同造林株行距（A）、不同整地挖穴规格（B）对南方红豆杉人工造林成活率、幼林高度及地径生长量的影响差异,试验结果表明：2.0 m×2.5 m造林株行距（A）＋60 cm×50 cm×40 cm整地规格（B）最好,1年生幼林平均成活率达95.6%。 相似文献
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不同群体结构苹果园光照分布状况研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了确立乔砧红富士苹果园合理的群体结构,探讨群体结构对光照分布的影响,对临城县赵庄乡南沟村不同栽植密度、树形为改良纺锤形的盛果期乔砧红富士苹果园的群体结构以及树体不同部位的光照情况进行了调查,结果表明：株行距2m×3m、3m×4m、3m×5m的郁闭度分别为0.88、0.70和0.58;行间近地面相对光照强度分别为0.94、0.46和0.13;行间地面向上0.5m处相对光照强度随株行距加大而加大,其值分别为0.12、0.40、0.95;行间地面向上1.0m、1.5m、2.0m不同株行距的相对光照强度除株行距2m×3m的果园的行间地面向上1.0m处为0.17外,其他都在0.76以上。每666.7m2总枝量、树高、叶面积系数以株行距2m×3m的为最大,分别为345 210根、3.23m和3.4;株行距3m×5m的为最小,分别为139 920根、2.81m、2.6;株行距2m×3m、3m×4m、3m×5m行内地面向上1.5m、2.0m处的相对光照强度均在0.49以上。 相似文献
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A study of an agrisilviculture system comprising Gmelina arborea and soybean (Glycine max) was conducted in the subhumid region of Central India. Above- and below-ground biomass production and distribution of coarse and fine roots were studied in 4-year-old G. arborea, planted at a spacing of 2 × 2 m, 2 × 3 m, 2 × 4 m and 2 × 5 m. The total biomass varied from 10.89 Mg ha–1 to 3.65 Mg ha–1 depending on the tree density. Among the different tree components, stemwood contributed maximum biomass (54.3–79.4%), followed by branches and leaves. Root distribution pattern showed that most of the coarse roots were distributed in the top 40 cm of soil, whereas fine roots were concentrated in the top 20 cm. Coarse root biomass decreased with an increase in spacing. The spread of roots was asymmetrical in trees planted at 2 × 2 m and 2 × 3 m spacings, while it was symmetrical in trees planted at wide spacings. No significant difference was observed in the fine root biomass in different stands. The root:shoot ratio increased with an increase in spacing. Crop (soybean) growth and productivity varied significantly and it increased with a decrease in tree density. Soybean yield varied between 1.5 Mg ha–1 to 2.1 Mg ha–1. The role of root architecture of G. arborea trees on productivity of crops under agri-silviculture system is discussed. 相似文献
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Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) are essential macro-nutrients, but little is known about how they are cycled within plants. Stable isotope studies have shown that the internal cycling of nitrogen (N) is independent of current nutrient supply in temperate tree species. This is ecologically significant because it allows trees to produce rapid shoot growth in spring independent of current soil N uptake. We used stable isotopes to quantify N, K and Mg in new shoots of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedlings and to compare the relative contributions from current uptake and internal cycling. Two-year-old Sitka spruce seedlings were labeled with (15)N, (41)K and (26)Mg in an abundant or a limited supply for one growing season. The trees were repotted in the subsequent dormant season to prevent further root uptake of enriched isotopes and provided with an abundant or a limited supply of unlabeled nutrients until they were harvested in early summer of the following year. The supply was switched for half the trees in the second year to create four nutrient regimes. Enrichment of (15)N, (41)K and (26)Mg in current-year growth was attributed to internally cycled N, K and Mg uptake from the previous year. The internal cycling of N, K and Mg in new growth was significantly affected by the first-year nutrient treatments. The second-year nutrient supply affected the growth rates of the trees, but had no effect on the amounts of N, K or Mg contributed from internal cycling. Thus, internal cycling of K and Mg in Sitka spruce are, like that of N, independent of current nutrient supply. 相似文献
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To assess the effects of seedling spacing on one-year-old seedling morphology in the nursery, seeds of three provenances of Fraxinus angustifolia were sown at five different seedling spacings within rows of two different spacings in the seedbed. Subsequent growth performance of one-year-old seedlings was assessed by planting in the forest. Within row spacings were: 4.3, 5.0, 6.3, 8.3, and 12.5 cm, and there were five rows at 20 cm apart, or three rows at 33 cm apart across the 1.2 m wide seedbeds. Both spacings within and between rows significantly affected shoot height, root collar diameter, root dry weight and shoot dry weight, but not root/shoot ratio. Wider spacings produced larger seedlings, but only the wider spacing within rows significantly increased fine and coarse root mass. Provenances showed significant differences in diameter, root/shoot ratio, and fine and coarse roots, and they also showed interactions with row spacings in height and diameter measurements. One year after outplanting, diameter growth was significantly related to provenance, and diameter growth was 88% greater for trees from 33 cm nursery row spacing than those from 20 cm nursery row spacing. 相似文献
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为确定黑果枸杞栽植的株行距,以黑果枸杞为试验材料,采用实生苗进行田间栽植,分别设置3个不同株距1、1.2、1.5 m,以及3个栽植株行距1.5 m×2 m、1.5 m×3 m和2 m×2.5 m,通过测定株高、冠幅、分枝数、侧枝数、侧枝长、尖削度、坐果率、果实参数、产量等,比较不同株距和栽植株行距对黑果枸杞生长发育及果实表型性状的影响。结果表明,黑果枸杞人工栽培的合适株距为1.5 m,行距2~3 m,在保持单株占地面积相近的情况下,可根据需要适当地调整株行距;栽植株行距为1.5 m×3 m时,果型变异小,果实纵径、横径、果型指数等表型特征较稳定。以期为人工栽培管理提供技术参考。 相似文献
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We quantified nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content, use (nutrient amount for one growth year), retranslocation (nutrients recycled before foliage senescence), uptake (use minus retranslocation), volume production per unit of uptake and fertilizer-uptake efficiency (percent applied taken up) in a 2 x 2 (nutrient and water) factorial experiment replicated four times in an 8-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand growing on a nutrient-poor sandy soil in Scotland County, North Carolina, USA. Over 14 years, we applied 1140, 168, 393, 168 and 146 kg ha(-1) of elemental N, P, K, Ca and Mg fertilizer, respectively, and an average of 710 mm year(-1) of irrigation. All plots received complete vegetation control. Fertilization about doubled tissue N, P, K and Mg contents at age 21, whereas irrigation resulted in smaller increases in nutrient contents. Maximum annual uptake was 101, 9.3, 44, 37 and 13 kg ha(-1) year(-1) and volume production per unit of nutrient uptake was 0.35, 3.5, 0.66, 1.1 and 3.1 m(3) kg(-1), for N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively. Irrigated plots had greater volume production per unit of N, P, K and Mg uptake than control plots, likely because irrigation allowed photosynthesis to continue during dry periods. Fertilized plus irrigated plots had less volume production per unit of these elements than the fertilized plots either because nutrient uptake exceeded the requirement for optimum growth or because available water (rainfall plus irrigation) was insufficient for the leaf area achieved with fertilization. At age 19, fertilizer-uptake efficiencies for N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 53, 24, 62, 57 and 39%, respectively, and increased with irrigation to 68, 36, 78, 116 and 55%, respectively. The scale of fertilizer uptake was likely a result of low native site nutrient availability, study longevity, measurement of all tissue components on site, a comprehensive assessment of coarse roots, and the 3-m rooting depth. Ecosystem nitrogen retention (applied nitrogen found in living plant material, litter fall and soil to 150-cm depth) was estimated at 79% at age 17, a value that would likely be greater when including soil nitrogen to rooting depth and calculating retention at age 21 when the study ended. The ecosystem retention value provides evidence that intensive site resource management can be accomplished with low likelihood of applied materials moving offsite. 相似文献
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We studied the nutrient cycle of a planted forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed, Beijing. Results show that the total biomass of P. tabulaeformis stands at age 29 in the experimental area is 92627 kg/hm2, and the total nutrient store is 695.17 kg/hm2 including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), kalium (K), calium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The sequence of their contents in different
organs was given as follows: needle>branch> trunk>root. The annual amount of 85.37 kg/hm2 of five nutrient elements were assimilated by P. tabulaeformis, about 0.34% of the total store in soil, and 3.30% of available nutrient store in soil depth from 0 to 30 cm. The nutrient
annual retention is 35.92 kg/hm2, annual returning 49.46 kg/hm2, the rain input 26.04 kg/hm2 to the five nutrient elements. The parameter absorption coefficient, utilization coefficient, cycle coefficient and turnover
period were cited to describe the nutrient elements cycle characteristic of the planted forest ecosystem of P. tabulaeformis. The absorption coefficient is the ratio of plant nutrient element content to soil nutrient element content, and its sequence
of five nutrient elements was given as follows: N>P>K>Ca>Mg. Utilization coefficient is the ratio of the nutrient element
annual uptake amount to the nutrient element storage in standing crops, and its sequence of five nutrient elements was: Mg>K>
P>N>Ca. The big utilization coefficient means more nutrients stored in the plant. The cycle coefficient is the ratio of the
nutrient element annual return amount to the nutrient element annual uptake amount, its sequence: Ca>N>P>K>Mg. Turnover period
is the ratio of the nutrient storage in the crops to the annual returning, its sequence: Mg>K>P>N>Ca.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(3): 51–56 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
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沙地柏对毛乌素沙地3种生境中养分资源的反应 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22
为了揭示沙地柏对毛乌素沙地不同生境中养分资源的适应性反应 ,分析了固定沙地、流动沙地和滩地中土壤养分状况、生物量和养分在植株不同结构中的分配以及植株对不同养分的利用和重吸收效率。结果表明 :(1) 3种生境中的氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量存在不同程度差异 ;(2 )生物量、氮和磷在叶片中分配比率随氮和磷含量的降低而增大 ,而在根中的分配恰好相反 ;(3)氮和磷重吸收效率、钾利用效率和重吸收效率、钙和镁利用效率随相应养分含量的降低而增大 ,氮和磷利用效率随氮和磷可利用性的降低而降低 ;(4)叶片和根系对养分内循环的贡献恰好相反 ;(5 )根分布对不同养分异质性的影响存在差异。 相似文献
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Harvey E. Kennedy 《Forest Ecology and Management》1984,8(2):117-126
Nine hardwood species were planted at a 3 m by 3 m spacing on a Mississippi River front soil (Aeric Fluvaquents) in western Mississippi and subjected to three intensities of cultural treatments. Because of the death of yellow-poplar during a severe spring flood (1973) and severe iron deficiency in three oaks caused from high soil pH, only five species are discussed in this paper. Periodic disking substantially increased heights, diameters, and survival of trees through 4 years. Disked plots had significantly lower soil N than mowed and control, while Mg was considerably higher in disked than control plots. Cultural treatments did not affect other measured soil nutrient levels.Trees growing on disked plots had significantly higher N and significantly lower P, K, and Mg concentrations than those in control plots. Foliar concentrations of K and Mg in disked and mowed plots were similar. Cultural treatments did not affect foliar Ca concentrations. Sweetgum had the lowest nutrient concentrations and cottonwood or green ash the highest for most nutrient elements tested. Other species were intermediate, and no ranking was readily apparent. 相似文献
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吉林省长白山区侵蚀沟生物治理的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在吉林省长白山区采用生物治理侵蚀沟试验研究,结果表明:采用紫穗槐、胡枝子进行浅沟治理,防治水土流失作用明显,最佳组合为:坡度≤15°地段,紫穗槐、带间距8 m和胡枝子、带间距8 m;坡度≥15°地段,紫穗槐、带间距4 m和胡枝子、带间距4 m。采用旱柳4~8 cm粗的茎干在沟底埋桩进行深沟沟底治理,缓流挂淤作用显著,最佳组合为:横隔间距2 m,茎干间距20 cm,埋干深度50 cm,茎干长度100 cm。采用紫穗槐、胡枝子进行深沟沟坡治理,最佳组合为:紫穗槐、带状栽植(株距0.3 m、行距1.0m)和胡枝子、带状栽植(株距0.3 m、行距1.0 m)。 相似文献
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为了探讨适合北方地区文冠果造林的技术体系,特选择整地深度、栽植时间、栽植密度3个因子开展研究,比较了不同因子处理下文冠果的生长情况,结果表明:北方地区文冠果造林前整地深度以30 cm左右为佳,春季栽植的效果比秋季栽植好,适宜的株行距为2 m×2 m,结实量为16841个·hm-2,种子产量为221.8 kg·hm-2。 相似文献
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连香树人工幼林群落营养元素含量、积累分配和循环 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
研究了 1 0年生连香树人工群落 8种营养元素的含量、积累分配和循环。主要结论是 :( 1 )连香树营养器官中各种元素的平均含量顺序为Ca>N >Al>K >Mg>P >Fe >Mn。 ( 2 )元素量在各营养器官的分配顺序为根 >叶 >去皮干 >皮 >枝 ,各元素含量顺序为Ca>N >K >Al>Mg>P >Fe >Mn。 ( 3)连香树群落 8种元素的吸收量、存留量和归还量分别是 72 9 82kg·hm- 2 a- 1 、2 0 6 72kg·hm- 2 a- 1 和 52 3 1 0kg·hm- 2 a- 1 。 ( 4) 51 2 %的归还总K量靠降水淋溶归还 ,其余元素总归还量的 55 7%～ 96 5%靠凋落物归还。Fe、Al归还量的 4 1 3%和 4 4 3%通过死根归还。 ( 5) 8种元素的利用系数、归还比和周转期分别为 0 2 3～ 0 54、0 57～ 0 82和 2 2 6～7 63。文中改进了降水淋溶归还的算法 ,提出了群落归还系数、积累系数和吸收系数 ,讨论了落叶树种元素生物循环的算法 相似文献