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小麦慢白粉品种的抗性组分研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2003~2004年度和2004~2005年度在田间测定了16个小麦品种(系)对小麦白粉菌E20菌株的抗性组分,包括潜育期、侵染几率、产孢量、病斑扩展和传染期。结果表明,小麦慢白粉品种(系)与高感对照品种相比,表现为潜育期长、侵染几率低、产孢量低、病斑扩展慢的特点,且这4个抗性组分与对照的差异都达到了显著和极显著水平,但慢白粉品种的传染期变化无一定规律。参试慢白粉品种的抗性组分参数与病情曲线下面积(AUDPC)的相关分析表明,潜育期与AUDPC呈负相关,但相关性不显著;产孢量和病斑扩展与AUDPC呈正相关,两年数据相关性均达到显著水平;侵染几率与AUDPC呈正相关,但2003-2004年度相关性不显著,而2004~2005年度相关性显著;传染期与AUDPC相关关系不明显。由此可见,在慢白粉品种的病害流行中起主要作用的是产孢量、病斑扩展,而侵染几率、潜育期和传染期作用相对较小。 相似文献
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近年来,小麦发生白粉病日趋严重。由于存在着比较复杂的生理小种,品种抗性不能稳定。从我们多年积累品种资源资料中,选择高抗秆、叶锈病的小麦品种27个,经过温室和田间苗期和成株鉴定,分成四类作为试材。沈阳地区小麦白粉病菌株属于 Pm/Pmx,4/1,2,3a,3b,3c,5型。试验结果表明,小麦白粉病慢发抗性的品种,具有:(1)普遍率和严重率低和上升速度缓慢;(2)菌落小而少;(3)分生孢子发生少,菌落再生力弱;(4)菌落扩展缓慢;(5)产量上影响不显著。利用严重率指数可以作为选择慢发抗病性的指标。 相似文献
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小麦品种混种对白粉病的调控及其对部分产量性状及蛋白质含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对品种混合种植控制小麦白粉病的效果以及对小麦穗重、千粒重、蛋白质等指标的影响进行了研究,为混合种植控制白粉病提供理论依据和品种组合。在对37个小麦品种进行SSR多样性分析的基础上,选用8个生产品种（后备品种）,按品种数3、4、5、6、8进行组合,在田间以随机区组设计种植混播组合和单播小区,人工接种白粉菌,比较各小区中小麦白粉病的AUDPC值、穗重、千粒重和粗蛋白差异。结果表明,8个品种亲缘关系较远;4品种混种时AUDPC最小,穗重最重。26个品种混种组合中有防治效果的组合占到73.08%,相对防效为1.23%~56.65%;混种未对穗重和粗蛋白含量造成负面影响。品种多样性种植可以用做调控小麦白粉病的一项措施。 相似文献
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小麦品种多样性对白粉病及产量和蛋白质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对品种多样性控制小麦白粉病的效果以及对产量和蛋白质的影响进行了研究,为利用品种多样性控制白粉病提供理论依据和技术支持。采用SSR技术分析5个小麦品种的亲缘关系;2008年和2009年按组合所含品种数为2、3、4和5个进行组合,在田间种植混种组合和单播小区,人工接种白粉菌,比较各小区中小麦白粉病的AUDPC值、产量和蛋白质变化。结果表明,5个品种亲缘关系相对较近;2个品种混合时以抗感搭配较好,随着抗病品种比例增加控病效果增强;2008年混合种植中有防治效果的组合占54.55%,相对防效为10.02%~47.58%,2009年有防治效果的组合占23.08%,相对防效在1.85% 到18.96 % 之间;在适当的组合中,如京冬8号/轮选987、京双16/京411/京冬8号对小麦白粉病有控制效果,混种不会影响产量和蛋白质含量;当有大量能克服本地品种抗性的外来菌源时混合种植的控病效果降低。品种多样性可以用做防治小麦白粉病的一项措施。 相似文献
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为明确中国61个小麦后备品种对白粉病的抗性水平及其抗病基因,将2016年从黄淮海冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区及东北春麦区的9个市采集分离的269株单孢子堆白粉病菌,分别接种于61个小麦后备品种进行抗性测定;用NTSYSpc 2.10e软件对供试品种表型数据进行聚类分析;用35株鉴别菌株对29个含已知抗白粉病基因小麦材料和61个小麦后备品种进行鉴别,比较其抗谱并推导61个小麦后备品种所含抗白粉病基因。结果显示,61个小麦后备品种间的抗谱存在明显差异,国豪麦5号和7号、BL5008、绵麦系列、黔麦系列、楚麦16号、内麦101和366等18个品种抗谱较宽,抗性频率均大于97.0%;泰科麦5303、邯11-5272和临Y8222等10个品种的抗性频率在42.0%～56.1%之间;郑麦0943等33个品种的抗性频率小于37.9%。聚类分析可将61个小麦后备品种分成5大类,第I类有11个品种,其中8个品种的抗性频率在42.0%～56.1%之间;第II类和第III类共30个品种,抗性频率均小于32.7%;第IV类有2个品种,抗性频率分别为53.5%和53.2%,第V类有18个品种,抗性频率均大于97.0%;聚类显示来自于同一地区且抗性频率相近的品种具有相似或相近的抗性遗传背景。本研究推导出21个小麦后备品种含抗病Pm基因,其中,邯11-5272含有Pm30,安科1503含有Pm2、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm19和Pm30,临Y8222含有Pm5a、Pm6、Pm19和Pm30,云154-15含有Pm5a、Pm6、Pm7、Pm19和Pm2+ta,泰科麦5303等6个品种含有Pm2和Pm30,华麦7号等5个品种含有Pm5a、Pm6和Pm19,扬麦24号等6个品种含有Pm5a、Pm6、Pm19和Pm2+ta。研究表明,54.1%的小麦后备品种对白粉病菌群的抗性频率小于37.9%,存在适宜条件下小麦白粉病暴发流行的风险,因此这些小麦后备品种推广种植时需加强病害预警和监测。 相似文献
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中国香瓜与菜瓜地方品种资源白粉病抗性评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
春秋2个季节在温室利用风媒接种方法对搜集的102份香瓜和14份菜瓜种质资源进行了白粉病抗性评价,结果鉴定出7份香瓜和1份菜瓜高抗白粉病,其病情指数为零,1份菜瓜抗病,其病情指数0.9,表明我国香瓜和菜瓜地方品种资源中蕴涵着潜在的改良甜瓜白粉病抗性的基因资源。 相似文献
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天水市小麦品种系抗白粉病性鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1999～2001年,在抗病性观察圃,利用常规的抗病性鉴定方法,对29份大田主栽冬小麦品种进行抗白粉性鉴定。结果表明,不同小麦品种系对白粉病抗、感性存在明显差异。高抗、中抗、中感及高感的品种系分别占参试材料的13.8%、58.6%、10.3%及17.2%。其中中88375、中85130、蓝天3号、清山895等4个品种系对小麦白粉病连续2a以上表现出稳定的抗性。 相似文献
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Effect of two-component cultivar mixtures on development of wheat yellow rust disease in the field and greenhouse in the Nepal Himalayas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bhim Chaulagain Gopal Bahadur Khatri Chhetri Sundar Man Shrestha Sarala Sharma Dipak Sharma-Poudyal Jay Ram Lamichhane 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(3):131-139
Wheat yellow rust (WYR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is a major disease of wheat, and deployment of a single cultivar often leads to disease epidemics. Effect of inoculum level, foliar fungicide spray, and wheat cultivar mixtures were evaluated on disease development in the field and greenhouse in Nepal. Treatments were arranged in a split–split plot design with three replications in both experiments. Two inoculum levels of PST (low and high) were main plot factors; nontreated control and foliar spray of fungicides (Mancozeb and Bayleton) were subplot factors; and two-component cultivar mixtures, composed of different ratios of a susceptible (S) and a resistant (R) cultivars (90:10, 80:20, and 50:50, 100:0, and 0:100) were sub–subplot factors. WYR severity was assessed at different time intervals, and disease development was calculated as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Inoculum level did not cause significant differences in AUDPC in the field but did in the greenhouse. Foliar spray of fungicides reduced the AUDPC in the greenhouse and field. In both experiments, AUDPC values were low in cultivar mixtures compared with a pure stand of a susceptible cultivar. As the proportion of resistant cultivar increased compared with the susceptible cultivar in the S:R mixture component, disease severity decreased with a consequent increase in grain yield. The greater yield obtained with cultivar mixtures compared with only the susceptible cultivar, independent of inoculum level and fungicide spray in the field, revealed a promising strategy to manage WYR in Nepal. 相似文献
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50个小麦生产及后备品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确我国小麦品种(系)中抗白粉病基因的组成,利用25个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对50个小麦生产及后备品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导,结果表明,参试的50个小麦品种(系)中有8个小麦品种(系)对供试的25个菌株全部感病,5个品种含有抗病基因Pm8,2个品种含有Pm4a,9个品种含有Pm2+6,4个品种含有Pm2,22个品种(系)可能含有供试基因之外的其他抗性基因或新基因。此研究结果可为小麦抗病育种以及品种利用提供依据。 相似文献
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The ubiquity of non-specific eliciting activity in intercellular washing fluids from rust-infected wheat leaves 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Intercellular washing fluids (IWF) were harvested from a range of wheat cultivars infected with either the leaf rust fungus ( Puccinia recondite f.sp. tritici ) or the stem rust fungus ( Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici ). These fluids were then tested for their ability to elicit symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis in 14 wheat cultivars. Eliciting activity was found in all samples tested, irrespective of both the host cultivar infected by the rust fungus and the genotype of the infecting pathogen isolate. Healthy test cultivars either responded to all IWF preparations or were responsive to none of them. Investigations into the nature of this non-specific eliciting activity revealed that active molecules are periodate sensitive, negatively charged at neutral pH, and associated with a high molecular weight fraction. 相似文献
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Effects of disease and plant competition on yield in monocultures and mixtures of two wheat cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Disease seventy and crop yield were compared in monocultures and mixtures of two wheat cultivars. one susceptible and one resistant to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Part of each plot was inoculated and part treated with fungicide. Rust seventy was inversely related to the proportion of resistant plants present. Weight of grain in 100 heads of the susceptible cultivar increased as the amount of rust decreased. The susceptible cultivar yielded less than the resistant cultivar in monoculture, but was a stronger competitor in mixtures. Competitive abilities of the cultivars were independent of severity of rust in the mixtures studied. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Most barley cultivars are resistant to stripe rust of wheat that is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The barley cv. Steptoe is susceptible to all identified races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei (PSH), the barley stripe rust pathogen, but is resistant to most P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races. To determine inheritance of the Steptoe resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, a cross was made between Steptoe and Russell, a barley cultivar susceptible to some P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races and all tested P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races. Seedlings of parents and F(1), BC(1), F(2), and F(3) progeny from the barley cross were tested with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races PST-41 and PST-45 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Genetic analyses of infection type data showed that Steptoe had one dominant gene and one recessive gene (provisionally designated as RpstS1 and rpstS2, respectively) for resistance to races PST-41 and PST-45. Genomic DNA was extracted from the parents and 150 F(2) plants that were tested for rust reaction and grown for seed of F(3) lines. The infection type data and polymorphic markers identified using the resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) technique were analyzed with the Mapmaker computer program to map the resistance genes. The dominant resistance gene in Steptoe for resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races was mapped on barley chromosome 4H using a linked microsatellite marker, HVM68. A linkage group for the dominant gene was constructed with 12 RGAP markers and the microsatellite marker. The results show that resistance in barley to the wheat stripe rust pathogen is qualitatively inherited. These genes might provide useful resistance against wheat stripe rust when introgressed into wheat from barley. 相似文献
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应用real-time PCR评价三种杀菌剂对小麦条锈病的防治效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为更加精确有效地评估杀菌剂对小麦条锈病的防效,本研究利用real-time PCR检测潜育阶段的分子病情指数(molecular disease index,M DI)并结合田间病情分析,对三种杀菌剂的防效进行评价。春季返青后在品种铭贤169和京0045试验小区的诱发中心接种小麦条锈菌夏孢子,待充分发病后将其铲除。设置播种前2%立克秀拌种,接种后21和28 d分别喷施25%阿米西达和30%苯甲-丙环唑1 500倍液三种处理。发病后调查不同处理的普遍率和严重度,计算病情指数和AUDPC。结果表明,阿米西达和苯甲-丙环唑对小麦条锈病具有良好的防效且能够明显抑制发病中心的扩展,而经立克秀拌种对该病害的防治效果和发病中心扩展的抑制作用均不理想。对京0045于发病中心接种后24和33 d采样,经双重real-time PCR定量检测,计算MDI。结果显示潜育检测获得的M DI与AUDPC之间均具有极显著的相关性;阿米西达和苯甲-丙环唑对潜育期小麦条锈菌的扩展具有明显的持续抑制作用,而立克秀拌种仅对小麦条锈菌潜伏初期的扩展表现出一定的抑制作用。 相似文献