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1.
Donaldson MT McFarlane D Jorgensen AJ Beech J 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(11):1469-1473
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between plasma alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) concentration and body mass index (BMI) in healthy horses. ANIMALS: 82 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Plasma alpha-MSH concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. At the time blood samples were collected, body condition scores (BCS) were determined and measurements of girth circumference, body length, and height were obtained. Weight was estimated by use of the following formula: estimated weight (kg) = [girth (cm)2 x length (cm)]/11,877. Body mass index was calculated as estimated weight (kg)/height (m)2. RESULTS: A correlation was found between BMI and BCS (rs = 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44 to 0.731). A weak correlation was found between plasma alpha-MSH concentration and BMI (rs = 0.25 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.45]) and BCS (rs = 0.26 [95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46]). A correlation was found between plasma alpha-MSH concentration and BMI in horses > or = 10 years old (rs = 0.49 [95% CI, 0.20 to 0.69]) but not in horses < 10 years old (rs = -0.04). Horses in the upper quartile of BMI had significantly greater plasma alpha-MSH concentration (median, 9.1 pmol/L; range, 2.0 to 95.3 pmol/L) than horses in the lowest quartile of BMI (median, 70 pmol/L; range, 3.6 to 15.7 pmol/L). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A correlation exists between plasma alpha-MSH concentration and BMI in horses. Further study is required to determine whether melanocortin receptor defects underlie this correlation or, alternately, whether plasma alpha-MSH concentration is simply a correlate of adiposity. 相似文献
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Weight tapes and body weight estimation formulas are routinely used to determine the body weight of a horse when a scale is not available. The established formula to estimate body weight in mature horses is weight (kg) = (heartgirth2 × body length)/(11,880 cm3). Two variations of the body length measurement have been used, measuring distance from the point of the shoulder to the ischial tuberosity (Point) or to the midpoint of the distance between the widest part of the stifle and the tail when viewed from the rear (Stifle). The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a commercial weight tape and the body weight estimation formula using both body length measurements in estimating weight of adult horses. Horses (n = 145) were weighed on a portable livestock scale, and measured for height at the withers, heart girth circumference, and body length by using the Point and Stifle measurements. A commercial weight tape was used to estimate body weight on 110 horses. The two formula weight estimations and the weight tape estimation were significantly different from the actual weight and from each other. The mean difference between actual weight and tape weight (n = 110) was 65.81 kg, whereas the differences between actual weight and the formula estimations (n = 145) were 17.25 kg for the Point measurement and 45.26 kg for the Stifle measurement. The estimation formula using body length measurement with the ischial tuberosity endpoint most closely estimates the actual body weight of the horses. 相似文献
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Gundula Hoffmann Annika Bentke Sandra Rose-Meierhöfer Christian Ammon Petra Mazetti Grétar H. Hardarson 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
The body weight of horses is an interesting variable for horse owners, as well as for veterinarians. It is useful to have methods of estimation like weight tape or formula, rather than visual estimation, when a weight scale is not available. Different methods of weight estimation exist for adult horses, but to date, there has been no validation of these methods in Icelandic horses. Therefore, three different methods of weight determination (weight scale, weight tape, and weight formula) were compared in this study to investigate whether it is possible to obtain reliable weight measurements of Icelandic horses by using an estimation method. Both the weight pursuant to weight tape and pursuant to weight formula showed no significant differences (P = 1.00 and P = 0.37, respectively) from the actual weight. The correlation between estimated and actual weights was r = 0.94 for weight tape and r = 0.93 for weight formula. However, the differences between the estimated and actual weights were smallest when estimated using an adjusted weight formula: weight (kg) = girth² × length (both in cm)/11,400. In conclusion, the body weight of Icelandic horses can be estimated from the measurements of body girth and length, and weight tape also seems to be a suitable method. 相似文献
4.
最小二乘法在黄牛体重估测中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文能过最小二乘法用黄牛的体长、胸围两项体尺估测黄牛的体重。不同的估测方法估测的精度不同,采用体长和胸围两项体尺建立在二元二次回归方程估测的体重Ｙ１与实测的体重Ｙ０的相关系数最高（ｒ０１为０．６７０５）;用体长Ｘ１的单项体尺估测的体重Ｙ２与实际体重Ｙ０相关系数（ｒ０２）为０．６１４;用胸围Ｘ２的单项体尺估测的体重Ｙ３与实测体重Ｙ０的相关系数（ｒ０３）为０．６２６;用体长Ｘ２建立二元一次回归方程估测 相似文献
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Body weight, heart girth and condition score were monitored in 75 Boran cows over an eight-month period. Condition score was highly correlated with both weight and heart girth when these variables were measured at the end of the dry season. Over the whole period the correlation coefficient between weight and condition score was r = 0.76 and the relationship was linear. When the data were broken down by lactation status the correlation between condition score and weight of lactating cows was lower but was improved by adjusting for differences in cow weight. Heart girth and condition score over the whole period were linearly related as was heart girth and weight. A change of one point in a nine-score system was equivalent to a change of about 24 kg. 相似文献
8.
Body measurements of west African dwarf sheep as parameters for estimation of live weight 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The relationships between live weight and eight body measurements of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were studied using 210 animals under on farm condition. Data obtained on height at withers (HW), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), head length (HL), head width (HDW), loin girth (LG), length of hindquarter (LHQ) and width of hindquarter (WHQ) were fitted into linear, allometric and multiple regression models to predict live weight from the body measurements. Results revealed that body measurements of WAD sheep were generally higher in the rams than in the ewes. Coefficient of determination (R(2)) values computed for the body measurements were generally higher (0.87-0.99) using allometric regression model than linear regression model (0.44-0.94). Heart girth (HG) and WHQ depicted the highest relationship to live weight in linear and allometric models compared to other body measurements. Based on stepwise elimination procedure, HG, HL and WHQ were better in predicting live weight in multiple linear regression models. The magnitude of correlation coefficient (r) indicate that WHQ shows the highest correlation with live weight (r = 0.96) compared to HG (r = 0.94). 相似文献
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Carter RA Geor RJ Burton Staniar W Cubitt TA Harris PA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(2):204-210
This study described a scoring system for the assessment of apparent neck adiposity and evaluated morphometric measurements for assessment of neck and overall adiposity. Twenty-one barren Thoroughbred mares, 13 Arabian geldings and 75 Welsh, Dartmoor, or crossbred pony mares, were clinically examined and blood samples analysed for insulin, glucose, leptin, and triglycerides. Bodyweight (BW), height, length, girth and abdominal circumferences, neck length, neck crest height and neck circumference were measured, and body condition scores (BCS) and cresty neck scores (CNS) were rated. Girth:height ratio had the strongest associations with BCS (r(s)=0.64, P<0.001 in horses; r(s)=0.83, P<0.001 in ponies) and blood variables, such as leptin (r(s)=0.39, P=0.024 in horses; r(s)=0.68, P<0.001 in ponies). Crest height and neck circumference:height ratio had the strongest association with CNS (r(s)>0.50, P<0.01) and blood variables, such as insulin (r(s)0.40, P<0.05). Cresty neck score was useful in the assessment of neck crest adiposity and had physiological relevance, as demonstrated by associations with blood variables. Girth:height was the most suitable morphometric for assessment of overall adiposity, and either crest height or neck circumference:height was a suitable morphometric for assessment of apparent neck adiposity. 相似文献
11.
为准确、方便、快速地度量晋南牛的体重 ,运用二元回归原理 ,采用只测量体长 (cm)、胸围 (cm)来估测体重。共测量、验证了 6 90头成年晋南公母牛 ,通过一、二、三类不同膘情的测量、称重、验证 ,总结出一类膘情体重 (kg) =(1.91×体长 (cm) +3.4 7胸围 (cm) - 517.6 )× 1.1;三类膘情体重 (kg) =(1.91×体长 (cm) +3.4 7×胸围 (cm) - 517.6 )× 0 .9,即 :晋南牛体重估测公式为体重(kg) =2×体长 (cm) +3.5×胸围 (cm) - 537,校正系数一类膘为 1.1,三类膘为 0 .9。 相似文献
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REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Monitoring weight of foals is a useful management practice to aid in maximising athletic potential while minimising risks associated with deviations from normal growth. OBJECTIVE: To develop predictive equations for weight, based on linear measurements of growing Thoroughbreds (TBs). METHODS: Morphometric equations predicting weight from measurements of the trunk and legs were developed from data of 153 foals. The accuracy, precision and bias of the best fitting equation were compared to published equations using a naive data set of 22 foals. RESULTS: Accuracy and precision were maximised with a broken line relating calculated volumes (V(t + l)) to measured weights. Use of the broken line is a 2 step process. V(t + l) is calculated from linear measures (m) of girth (G), carpus circumference (C), and length of body (B) and left forelimb (F). V(t + I) = ([G2 x B] + 4[C2 x F]) 4pi. If V(t + l) < 0.27 m3, weight is estimated: Weight (kg) = V(t + l) x 1093. If V(t + l) > or = 0.27 m3: Weight (kg) = V(t + l) x 984 + 24. The broken line was more accurate and precise than 3 published equations predicting the weight of young TBs. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of weight using morphometric equations requires attention to temporal changes in body shape and density; hence, a broken line is needed. Including calculated leg volume in the broken line model is another contributing factor to improvement in predictive capability. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The broken line maximises its value to equine professionals through its accuracy, precision and convenience. 相似文献
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Weight, hip height, heart girth, pelvic height, pelvic width and scrotal circumference were measured at 403 and 490 d on 427 Hereford bulls. The bulls were members of a random-selection herd so estimates of genetic parameters should have a minimum of bias due to selection. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated by normal paternal half-sib (PHS) correlation procedures. In addition, 256 son-sire pairs (RSS) were used to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations by regression and covariance methods. The PHS method produced heritability estimates in the range of .41 to .58 for all measures at both ages, with the exceptions of hip height at 403 d (.24) and pelvic height at 490 d (.23). The estimates derived in the RSS method ranged from .10 to .60. The RSS relationship would contain a portion of any maternal X direct covariance effects. A difference in heritability estimated by the two methods could be a reflection of this covariance. Genetic correlations tended to be larger than phenotypic and, in several cases, were negative. The difference in the correlation between two measurements taken at 403 d vs the same correlation estimated at 490 d was not readily explainable but may be evidence for differences in maturation rates or maternal effects. Scrotal circumference had a positive genetic correlation with weight and heart girth and near 0 or negative genetic correlations with pelvic measures. Hip height had positive genetic correlations with weight and heart girth at 403 and 490 d and with pelvic measurements at 403 d, but the correlations were not as large at 490 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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生长牦牛与生长黄牛体表面积的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用纸贴法对１～３岁的生长耗牛（刊和生长黄牛（Ｃ）体表面积（Ｓ）进行测定，同时称重（Ｗ），测体斜长（Ｘ１）、胸围（Ｘ２）和体高（Ｘ３），并对它们作回归分析。结果表明，生长耗牛及生长黄牛休表面积与上述各指标均有显著相关。此外，生长牦牛及生长黄牛Ｗ与Ｘ１、Ｘ２、Ｘ３亦有显著相关。 相似文献
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C. D. Thatcher R. S. Pleasant R. J. Geor F. Elvinger K. A. Negrin J. Franklin L. Gay S. R. Werre 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(2):222-222
Obesity is becoming a major health concern in horses because of its associations with insulin resistance, oxidative stress/inflammation, and laminitis. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of obesity in horses. The USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 1998 Equine study estimated that approximately 1.4% of the U.S. horse population is overweight or obese. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a subpopulation of horses in Virginia. A random sample of 300 mature, Light Breed horses (140 mares, 151 geldings, and 9 stallions) was selected from the VMRCVM Equine Field Service practice. Horses were evaluated during summer 2006. Body Condition Score (BCS) was assigned using a scale of 1 (emaciated) to 9 (obese) by two independent scorers. Neck circumference (cm) was measured at three locations and averaged (ANC). Girth, body length, and height at the withers were measured and used to calculate body weight (BW) and Body Mass Index (BMI). ANC and height at the withers were used to calculate Neck Circumference to Height Ratio (NCHR). Horses were categorized based on BCS as under condition (BCS <4), optimal condition (BCS 4–6), over condition (BCS 6.5–7), and obese condition (BCS 7.5–9). Six horses (2%) were under condition, 141 horses (47%) were in optimal condition, 96 horses (32%) were over condition, and 57 (19%) were obese. BW (p = 0.047), ANC, BMI and NCHR (all p < 0.001) increased with BCS. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in these horses was much higher than previously reported. 相似文献
16.
Carmalt JL Townsend HG Janzen ED Cymbaluk NE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(12):1889-1893
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of routine dental floating on weight gain, body condition score, feed digestibility, and fecal particle size in pregnant mares fed various diets. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 56 pregnant mares. PROCEDURE: Mares were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 feed groups (n = 14 mares/group). All horses were sedated and an oral examination was performed, after which dental floating was performed on 7 horses in each group. Body weight was measured, and a body condition score was assigned before and at various times for 24 weeks after dental floating. Feed digestibility and fecal particle size were analyzed 7 and 19 weeks after dental floating. RESULTS: Weight gain, change in body condition score, feed digestibility, and fecal particle size were not significantly different between horses that underwent dental floating and untreated control horses. In contrast, weight gain was significantly associated with feed group. In the control horses, neither the number of dental lesions nor the presence of any particular type of lesion at the time of the initial oral examination was significantly associated with subsequent feed digestibility. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dental floating does not result in significant short-term changes in body weight, body condition score, feed digestibility, or fecal particle size in healthy pregnant mares. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical utility of regular dental floating in apparently healthy horses. 相似文献
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Horses displaying aversion to fastening of the girth may be expressing pain from myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The location of MTrPs in the pectoral region of horses has not been previously described. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to locate and map MTrPs in the transverse and ascending pectoral muscles; (2) to score the severity of the MTrPs by behavioral reaction to palpation; and (3) to look for associations between these findings and girth-aversion behavior. Thirty-eight horses were recruited in a cross-sectional clinical study. Taut bands were identified on palpation of horses undergoing physiotherapy assessment and then scored for behavioral reaction to palpation as normal (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3) and mapped. Owner-reported history of girth-aversion behavior was compared with the severity score using chi-squared analysis. Myofascial trigger points were identified in all horses (average severity: mild n = 6, moderate n = 24, and severe n = 8) with the most common regions of ascending pectoral muscles being the axillary and along the region usually covered by the girth. Horses with an owner-reported history of girth-aversion behavior (n = 13) had higher severity scores than horses without a history of girth-aversion behavior (n = 25; P = .014). Knowledge of the presence and location of MTrPs could assist in the development of prevention and management strategies to improve comfort, optimize performance, and reduce girth-aversion behavior. 相似文献
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Weight, height, and body condition score data supplied by the American Angus Association were used to determine the effect of body condition score on cow weight and to compute condition score adjustment factors. Single records on 11,301 cows for weight and 7,769 cows for height were collected at or near weaning, at which time a subjective condition score (9-point scale) was taken. Limited information on extreme scores 1 and 9 allowed only scores 2 through 8 to be included in the analysis. Cows were grouped into age classes corresponding to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to 10, and 11+ yr of age. The mathematical model for a weight record included effects of fixed herd, year-month the record was collected, cow age, body condition score, and a random residual error term. The model for height excluded the condition score effect. Effects of herd, year-month, and cow age were highly significant (P less than .0001) for weight and height. Body condition score was a significant source of variation in weight (P less than .0001) and accounted for 16% of the total variation. Adjustment factors for weight (kilograms) by condition score were +116 (score 2), +91 (score 3), +69 (score 4), +39 (score 5), 0 (score 6), -40 (score 7), and -86 (score 8). 相似文献
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B B Smith K I Timm P J Reed 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(8):1095-1100
Normal growth characteristics of llamas (Lama glama) were evaluated from conception until 1 week after parturition in pregnant females (study 1) and from 1 month after birth to maturity (study 2). In study 1, pregnant multiparous llamas (n = 10) were measured at monthly intervals from conception until 1 week after parturition; in study 2, llamas (n = 270) were measured once. Body weight of pregnant llamas (study 1) did not increase significantly until after the eighth month of pregnancy. Llamas of study 2 reached mature height, length, thoracic circumference, and weight at 18, 24, 36, and 36 months of age, respectively. From 1 month of age to maturity, the growth characteristics of males, nonpregnant females, and females during the first 8 months of pregnancy did not differ. Correlations (r2) between height, length, and thoracic circumference related to body weight for all but the pregnant llamas during the last 3 months of pregnancy were 0.822, 0.834, and 0.948, respectively. The equation describing thoracic circumference as a predictor of body weight was: Weight (kg) = (1.005 x 10(-3)) x circumference (cm)2.424. 相似文献
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《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(8):334-338
Weight maintenance and blood chemistry parameters of geriatric (>20 yrs) horses and ponies housed at a farm for retired horses were compared between animals fed a 14% protein pelleted/extruded feed (ES) formulated specifically for geriatric horses versus those fed the textured sweet feed used at the facility. A total of 48 geriatric horses and 3 ponies were initially examined, 28 of which were assigned to be fed ES, the other 23 continued to be fed an 8.5% protein textured sweet feed mix (SF). Horses and ponies were fed the feeds in amounts estimated to be necessary for weight maintenance or gain according to initial body condition scores, with hay being offered free choice. The horses were weighed, assigned body condition scores and had blood drawn for complete blood counts and blood chemistry panels in December, 1992 before feed changes were initiated. The same measurements were taken on surviving horses and ponies three months after the feed changes had been made (March, 1993).For statistical analyses, data were grouped according to the animal's initial body condition score. Horses (n=17) and a pony with initial body condition scores of three or less (Group 1) which were fed ES had greater weight gain (ES: 32kg±4; SF: −9kg±7; p<.001); higher final condition scores (ES: 4.5±2; SF: 3.6±.3; p<.05) and plasma total protein (ES: 6.3 gm/dl±.2; SF: 5.2 gm/dl±.3; p<.005) in March than those fed SF (n=14). Group 1 horses fed SF experienced a decrease (p<.0001) in hematocrit (December: 41.4%±1.3; March: 34.4±1.2) and hemoglobin (December: 14.6±.4 gm/dl; March: 11.9±.3 gm/dl, p<.001), whereas those fed ES had a slight increase (p<.15) in hematocrit and no change (p>.2) in hemoglobin over the same period. Blood phosphorus was increased (December: 2.21±.08 mg/dl; March: 2.48±.07 mg/dl; p<.05) in Group 1 horses fed ES and tended (p<.15) to be higher than in Group 1 horses fed SF (March: 2.27±.12 mg/dl). In horses and the pony with initial condition scores greater than 3 (Group 2), condition scores, body weights and hematocrit did not differ (p>.2) between animals fed ES (n-9) versus SF (n=9) in December or March. However Group 1 animals fed ES experienced greater weight gains (p<.001) and increases in body condition score (p<.05) than Group 2 SF fed horses during this period. Blood phosphorus in Group 2 ES fed horses tended to increase (December: 2.3±.1 mg/dl; March: 2.6±.1 mg/dl; p<.10) and was higher (p<.01) in March than in Group 2 horses fed SF (March: 2.1±.1 mg/dl). In both groups, liver enzymes and creatinine did not differ (p>.2) between diets in March. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher in ES fed horses than the SF fed horses in March in both Group 1 (p<.02) and Group 2 (p<.07) but was within the normal range for adult horses.Horses which were fed the ES were subjectively assessed by the farm manager to have better hair coats and higher activity levels than when they had been fed textured sweet feed and relative to horses that were not fed ES. Geriatric horses, especially those unable to maintain adequate weight on standard rations in the absence of hepatic or renal disease, appear to benefit from the special formulation of ES. 相似文献