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1.
为了解甘肃小麦地方品种资源HMW-GS的遗传组成及品质效应,检测了340份品种的HMW-GS和其中250份品种的沉淀值、蛋白质和湿面筋含量.结果表明,甘肃小麦地方品种资源Glu-1位点有21种亚基变异,冬、春小麦资源均以null(87.9%和77.4%)、7+8(93.2%和88.7%)和2+12(82.1%和76.7%)为各自位点的优势亚基;有42种亚基组合形式,冬、春小麦资源均以null/7+8/2+12为优势组合(分别占67.1%和56.4%).甘肃小麦地方品种资源中5+10和5+12亚基频率高于国内已报道小麦地方资源.春小麦地方品种1、7+8和5+10亚基在各自位点的品质效应值最高,冬小麦地方品种2*、7+8、5+12亚基在各自位点的品质效应值最高.从供试材料中筛选出在2个以上基因位点具有优质亚基的地方小麦品种48份,其中14份在3个位点都具有优质亚基. 相似文献
2.
为了深入了解黄淮麦区小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种质资源高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成情况,为品质育种提供信息,利用SDS-PAGE电泳技术对185份普通小麦材料和5份黑粒小麦共计190份种质材料的HMW-GS组成进行了分析.结果表明这些材料在Glu-A1位点具有2种亚基类型(null,1),Glu-B1位点具有5种亚基类型(7 8,7 9,14 15,6 8,17 18),Glu-D1位点上具有3种亚基类型(2 12,5 10,5 12).对面包加工品质具有正效应的优质亚基14 15出现频率为7.36%,5 10出现频率为34.74%,5 12出现频率为2.63%.对面包烘烤而言,优质亚基组合1/14 15/5 10、1/7 8/5 12和1/7 8/5 10出现频率较低,分别为 0.53%、0.53%和11.58%;适合制作优质手工馒头的亚基组合1/7 8/2 12和null/7 8/2 12出现频率分别为6.32%和19.47%;适合制作优质面条的理想亚基组合1/14 15/2 12出现频率为4.21%,较好的亚基组合共计占23.16%.黄淮麦区的小麦种质资源主要适合面条和馒头专用品种的选育. 相似文献
3.
为发掘优良的小麦种质资源,利用SDS-PAGE技术分析了50份哈萨克斯坦小麦种质高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其品质得分。结果表明,50份供试材料中共检测到8种亚基类型,其中在 Glu-A1位点有2种亚基类型（Null,1）, Glu-B1位点有2种亚基类型（7＋8,7＋9）,在 Glu-D1位点有4种亚基类型（5＋10, 2＋10,2＋12,4＋12）。利用PCR分子标记对所得到的高分子量谷蛋白亚基进行验证,结果一致。在50份哈萨克斯坦小麦中,优质亚基1、7＋8、5＋10的出现频率较高,分别为34%、22%、56%。亚基组合Null/7＋9/5＋10在所有亚基组合类型中出现频率最高,为28%,品质得分为7分,而组合1/7＋8/5＋10出现频率仅为8%,品质得分为10分;供试材料品质得分大多为7、8分,平均为7.10分。出现频率较高的优质亚基可以作为改善现有品种亚基组成状况的亲本材料。 相似文献
4.
西藏小麦品种资源HMW-GS组成研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
为了给小麦品质改良提供基础材料,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法,分析了西藏地方品种、西藏主要育成品种和近几年从国内外引进品种(系)等805份小麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HWM-GS)组成。结果表明,Glu-1位点共有24种等位基因,其中Glu-A1位点4种、Glu-B1位点10种、Glu-D1位点10种;亚基N、7 8和2 12在各自位点的频率最高,分别为66.70%、40.25%和59.88%;另外,在Glu-D1位点,还发现有了稀有亚基2.2 12,其频率为0.62%。引进品种的2^*、14 15、17 18和5 10等优质亚基出现的频率较西藏主要育成品种高,西藏主要育成品种中优质亚基5 10的频率仅为0.24%,西藏品种亚基组合类型主要为N,7 8,2 12。 相似文献
5.
为了解黄淮麦区小麦地方品种的遗传多样性,并为品质改良提供基础材料,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法,分析了黄淮麦区(黄淮平原副区、汾渭谷地副区)1 389份小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的组成.结果表明,在供试材料中,Glu-1位点共有23种等位基因,其中Glu-A1位点3种,Glu-B1位点11种,Glu-D1位点9种,亚基null、7 8、2 12在各自的位点上出现频率最高,分别达到了98.63%、82.83%和92.65%.亚基组成类型共有42种,主要为null/7 8/2 12,频率达75.65%.筛选出一些含有1、2*、13 16、14 15、5 10、5 12等优质亚基的材料,其中有9份材料具有优质亚基组合,可作为优质基因源.同时,还对多个材料具有同一名称的254份材料从HMW-GS组成和农艺性状方面进行了综合分析,最终筛选出了18种共计51份同名材料,分别疑为同种材料,2份白芒糙和2份紫茎白,分别可确定为同一份材料. 相似文献
6.
为研究高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)在四川小麦品质育种中的价值,利用SDS-PAGE方法对43个绵阳(绵麦)系列小麦品种的HMW-GS进行了分析。结果共检测出7种HWM-GS类型和9种亚基组合类型。Glu-A1位点有2种亚基,null(N)占优势;Glu-B1位点有3种亚基,7+9与7+8占优势;Glu-D1位点有2种亚基,优质亚基5+10占优势。优势亚基组合类型为N、7+8、5+10。在优质亚基中,1亚基出现的频率为27.91%,7+8亚基出现的频率为44.19%,5+10亚基出现的频率高达65.12%。随时间变迁,优质亚基1和5+10呈上升趋势,而7+8呈下降趋势。优质亚基对蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间和沉降值等品质性状都有正向影响,尤其是优质亚基1或5+10的导入显著提高了沉降值。因此,在四川小麦品质育种中,可以通过聚合优质亚基1和5+10来改善沉降值等品质性状;同时还应引进优质亚基2*、17+18和14+15。 相似文献
7.
甘肃省冬小麦农家品种与改良品种的HMW-GS变异及品质效应比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解甘肃冬小麦农家品种和改良品种HMW-GS变异及品质效应,为小麦品质改良和亲本选用提供依据,采用SDS-PAGE法和近红外反射光谱法检测340份品种的HMW-GS和其中252份的沉淀值、蛋白质和湿面筋含量.结果表明,340份品种在Glu-1位点共有14种亚基变异,34种亚基组合形式.Glu-A1位点共有3种变异,亚基缺失(null)的频率最高,1和2*亚基出现的频率改良品种(36.9%)比农家品种(12.0%)高;Glu-B1位点共有7种变异,7+8亚基出现的频率最高,改良品种比农家品种降低36.1个百分点;Glu-D1位点有4种亚基变异,2+12亚基出现频率最高,改良品种比农家品种降低11个百分点,5+10亚基的频率改良品种较农家品种提高17.6个百分点.含5+12亚基的农家品种及含14+15亚基的改良品种综合品质较优.从供试改良品种中筛选出在2个以上基因位点具有优质亚基的品种46个,其中10个品种在3个位点上都具有优质亚基. 相似文献
8.
甘肃小麦品种(系)HMW-GS遗传变异分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为了了解甘肃省小麦品种HMW-GS的遗传变异和组成，为甘肃优质专用小麦品种筛选和品种改良提供依据,采用SDS-PAGE法，分析了254份甘肃省小麦材料(育成品种(系)和农家品种)Glu-1位点的HMW-GS变异，共检测到22种HMW-GS变异，Glu-A1位点3种，Glu-B1位点11种，Glu-D1位点8种。其中110个育成品种(系)的15种HMW-GS有27种亚基组合类型。Glu-A1位点有2种亚基，47．3％的品种该位点具有优质亚基；Glu-B1位点有7种亚基，76．4％的品种具优质亚基；Glu-D1位点有6种亚基，32．7％的品种具优质亚基。14．5％的品种(n：15)Glu-1位点具优质亚基。144份农家品种的18种HMW-GS共有29种亚基组合形式，Glu-A1位点有3种亚基,Glu-B1位点有9种亚基，Glu-D1位点有6种亚基，无优质亚基组合。 相似文献
9.
黄淮南片小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成与品质之间的关系,对177份黄淮南片地区小麦品种(系)的HMW-GS组成及其品质进行了检测。结果表明,177份材料在Glu-A1位点上有3种亚基类型(N、1、2*),在Glu-B1位点上有5种亚基类型(7+8、7+9、14+15、17+18、13+16),在Glu-D1位点上有3种亚基类型(2+12、5+10、5+12),1、14+15、5+10亚基的出现频率分别为73.45%、11.86%和48.02%。1、7+8、17+18、5+10亚基对蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、峰值曲线面积、峰高、SDS沉淀值、8min带高、8min曲线面积、形成时间、稳定时间都具有较大的正向效应。共检测到19种不同的亚基组合类型,其中1/7+8/5+10亚基组合的小麦品种(系)各项品质指标均较优,其次是1/7+8/2+12亚基组合品种(系),N/7+9/2+12和N/14+15/5+10亚基组合类型小麦的品质较差。 相似文献
10.
为深入了解云南省建国以来普通小麦育成品种(系)的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成情况,利用SDS-PAGE电泳技术对152份云南省1950s以来普通小麦育成品种(系)HMW-GS组成和变异进行了分析。结果表明:(1)云南省普通小麦在Glu-A1位点具有N(56.58%)和1(43.42%)2种亚基类型,在Glu-B1位点具有7+8(42.11%)、7+9(34.87%)、6+8(0.66%)、14+15(7.24%)、17+18(13.16%)和13+16(1.97%)6种亚基类型,在Glu-D1位点具有2+10(5.26%)、2+12(54.61%)、5+10(24.34%)和5+12(15.79%)4种亚基类型;(2)云南省普通小麦HMW-GS组合类型比较丰富,共出现27种亚基组合类型,其中"N,7+8,2+12"、"N,7+9,2+12"、"1,7+8,2+12"与"1,7+9,5+10"较多,出现频率分别为20.39%、9.87%、7.89%和7.89%;(3)云南省各个时期育成品种(系)的HMW-GS品质评分基本维持在4.50左右,1990s以后育成的品种(系)中优质亚基5+10出现的频率随普通小麦育成时期的推移而逐渐增加。由此可见,云南省普通小麦的HMW-GS在Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点上表现出丰富的多态性,共有12种HMWGS等位变异,包括13+16、2+10和5+12三种稀有亚基类型和27种亚基组合类型;对加工品质具有正效应的优质亚基17+18和5+10频率较小,缺乏优质亚基2*。因此,在云南省普通小麦的品质改良中应加强优质亚基2*、17+18和5+10引入及合理应用。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献