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Swine diseases transmissible with artificial insemination 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
B J Thacker R E Larsen H S Joo A D Leman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(5):511-516
The transport of fresh and frozen semen to be used for artificial insemination creates a mode of disease transmission between farms. Normally, semen contains a number of nonpathogenic bacterial contaminants; however, excessive bacterial contamination can result in infertile matings. Contamination with a known pathogen, eg, Brucella suis, could initiate a serious outbreak of disease in a recipient herd. Methods to minimize bacterial contamination of semen include sanitary collecting and processing of semen, isolation of boards from certain pathogens, and the addition of appropriate broad spectrum or combination antibiotics to the semen. Mycoplasmas also have been isolated from semen, although transmission by this route is unlikely. The addition of an appropriate antimycoplasmal antibiotic to semen may be warranted in some situations. Numerous viruses have been detected in semen. Their exclusion from semen is especially critical because of their ability to survive in frozen semen. These viruses include pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, vesicular disease virus, and African swine fever virus. The likelihood of disease transmission is greater with the introduction of a boar into a herd than through the use of fresh or frozen semen. We believe that artificial insemination allows for the introduction of new genetics into a breeding program, with minimal risk of disease transmission. 相似文献
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Objectives To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of colloidal therapy in veterinary medicine. Databases used MEDLINE (1966–present), Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau Abstracts (1973–present), personal files. 相似文献
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W.J. Hartley M.R.C.V.S. J.L. Jebson B.V.Sc. D. McFarlane B.Sc. M.R.C.V.S. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):80-89
Extract During the course of an investigation into perinatal calf deaths in the Gisborne area during the spring of 1958, seven cases of micrencephaly were recorded. 相似文献
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SW-BSA人工合成抗原与白油制成疫苗免疫家兔,饲喂甘肃棘豆后制备免疫血清,分别进行间接ELISA试验、SW浓度的测定、血清生化指标测定试验,并进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,免疫攻毒组家兔的临床中毒症状比攻毒对照组出现时间延迟30d,血清中SW浓度比攻毒对照组延缓21d达到较高水平,血清中AST、ALP、LDH、BUN活性比攻毒对照组延缓31d达到较高值,ALT的活性与攻毒对照组相比没有显著差异,血清α-甘露糖甙酶活性比攻毒对照组延缓28d下降到较低值。攻毒组家兔各器官组织的病理变化主要是以细胞呈现急性中毒性缺血缺氧和空泡变性为特点。结论得出SW-BSA人工合成抗原疫苗对攻毒家兔有一定的保护作用。 相似文献
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Artificial insemination is an effective technique for improving utilization of the stallion while maintaining normal conception rates in the mare. However, procedures for collection, evaluation, and insemination of semen must be followed carefully to achieve good results. Techniques for preservation of equine semen in the liquid or frozen state could potentially allow for more widespread use of genetically superior stallions. Further acceptance of artificial insemination and the use of cooled or frozen transported semen by breed registries is needed before this will occur. More work is needed to perfect methods of semen preservation, even though semen from some stallions can be cooled or frozen quite successfully at the present time. 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(6):28-31
为优化推广水牛性控冷冻精液人工授精技术,本研究分析了不同类型、胎次、年龄的受体母牛及不输精员对水牛性控冷冻精液人工授精产犊率的影响。收集武鸣县8个村级牛人工授精点3 029头受体母水牛X性控冷冻精液人工授精产犊数据,利用卡方检验方法对所收集数据进行统计分析。结果表明:本研究3 029头受体母牛经人工授精后产犊率为44.2%(1340/3029),产母犊率为82.3%(1103/1340)。以本地水牛及杂交水牛作为受体母牛,杂交水牛人工授精产犊率极显著高于本地沼泽型水牛(P0.01)。不同年龄受体母牛人工授精产犊率差异不显著(P0.05),但存在组间差异。不同胎次受体牛人工授精产犊率差异不显著(P0.05),但存在组间差异。不同输精员人工授精产犊率差异极显著(P0.01)。本研究结果表明不同类型、年龄、胎次的受体母牛及输精员皆会影响到水牛性控冷冻精液人工授精效果。进一步加强受体母牛选择、加强输精员培训是今后水牛性控冷冻精液人工授精大范围推广应用不可忽视的环节。 相似文献
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调查了从甜菜夜蛾幼虫分离的一种微孢子虫对3种原蚕品种和1个四元杂交种的实验室感染情况，结果表明这种微孢子虫对家蚕具有感染力，且不同品种问的感染率存在差异，说明可以利用家蚕作为替代宿主繁殖该种微孢子虫。 相似文献
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Seno T Izumisawa Y Nishimura I Maehara S Kushiro T Umar MA Wakaiki S Yamashita K Kotani T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):315-318
Screw and laser (SL) column by making screw threads and forming small holes using laser irradiation on the base metal and conventional beads coating (BC) columns were embedded into the shaft of canine femurs, and compared the implant fixation to the host bone. The interfacial strength in SL columns was almost equivalent as BC columns, and bone-column contact rate was higher than BC columns significantly at twelve weeks after implantation. The newly devised SL surface had almost equivalent bone fixation strength comparable to the conventional BC surface. Also, this surface should provide a useful porous surface for use in artificial joints since there is no risk of surface structure detachment. 相似文献
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Moore RW 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1985,33(3):22-23
Nine fertile three-year-old Romney rams were ejaculated both by means of electro-ejaculation and by the artificial vagina. The ram repeatabilities of semen volume, concentration, total sperm number, percentage normal sperm and wave motion score of ejaculates collected by electro-ejaculation were 0.17, 0.08, 0.12, 0.61 and 0.23 respectively compared with the repeatabilities of ejaculates collected by the artificial vagina of 0.28,0.79, 0.56,0.72 and 0.54. The repeatability results showed that it was possible to rank rams on the quantity of sperm produced in a single ejaculate obtained by an artificial vagina, but not on the quantity obtained by electro-ejaculation. The correlation co-efficients between the ram means for the two techniques were for volume 0.05, concentration 0.06, total sperm number -0.21, percentage normal sperm 0.73, and wave motion score 0.35. Only the percentage normal sperm coefficient was significant. 相似文献
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Construction of a canine bacterial artificial chromosome library for screening with PCR 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. Schelling J. Schläpfer A. Billault K. Guziewicz A. Gmür I. Katmann B. Pineroli B. Colomb O. Rickli C. Wittwer A. Piasecka G. Dolf 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2002,119(6):400-401
We have constructed a canine bacterial artificial chromosome library amenable to PCR screening. The library consists of 96 768 clones and was initially screened with 112 microsatellites representing all canine chromosomes. For 87 primer sets (77%) one to seven positive superpools were identified. The library will be expanded by adding additional superpools in order to increase the genome coverage. Interested researchers can access the library following the rules published at http://www.dogmap.ch . 相似文献
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Laparoscopic artificial insemination in sheep 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The goal of any AI program is to create improved offspring, and the achievement of this objective will depend on the breeding value of the ram and ewe selected. Laparoscopic AI is being utilized in the sheep industry to extend the use of superior rams, and it offers the producer the opportunity to maximize the reproductive potential of superior sheep. Rapid genetic trait infusion of known superior stud rams into the flock is the primary economic benefit of laparoscopic AI. The success of laparoscopic AI depends on events and factors that interrelate in a complex way. Once the selection and preparation of the ewe have been accomplished, one of the more important steps in the program is the successful synchronization of the ewe to deliver the necessary ova to the site of fertilization at a specific time. One of the best methods of synchronization for laparoscopic AI is the use of a progesterone product for a controlled time period and the administration of PMSG upon its removal. Detecting the onset of estrus is critical, and the addition of sterile (e.g., vasectomized) males is helpful, even essential, to accurately determine when each ewe begins her estrus. The ram effect has been shown to stimulate ovulation and estrus. Ewes must be inseminated within a narrow window of time after the synchronization product is removed. Ewes should be inseminated in the order in which they begin to exhibit signs of behavioral estrus, but age, stage of lactation, duration of behavioral estrus, and breed must be taken into account when this order is established. Fresh-extended semen works well throughout this preferred time frame established for laparoscopic AI, but frozen semen gives best results when used near the end. Advancement in manufacturing technology today removes equipment as a variable factor. It is important, therefore, that the inseminator develop a level of expertise in laparoscopy to ensure maximum fertilization rates. If available, fresh-extended semen is preferred over frozen semen, using at least the minimal number of spermatozoa necessary for fertilization. Evaluation of the post-thaw frozen or fresh semen is necessary to determine motility, morphology, and concentration, all of which help determine the volume of the insemination dose. The minimum necessary for laparoscopic AI in fine-wooled breeds is 20 X 10(6) normal motile spermatozoa; however, the more seasonal and less fertile American sheep need approximately 40 to 50 X 10(6) normal motile sperm to achieve acceptable fertility rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献