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压扁处理对紫花苜蓿干燥特性及干草品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究紫花苜蓿干草田间调制过程中干燥特性及营养成分的变化规律,试验采用压扁和未压扁二种处理方法,在田间自然晾晒条件下,分别在刈割后和含水量为50%、40%、30%、20%时进行取样分析。结果表明：压扁处理干燥速度显著快于未压处理（P〈0.05）,水分散失均呈先快后慢的趋势;压扁处理显著降低苜蓿叶片的损失（P〈0.05）;含水量为50%、40%、30%、20%时,压扁处理苜蓿干草的粗蛋白、总消化营养物质、无氮浸出物、胡萝卜素含量均明显高于未压处理;中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量明显低于未压扁处理,说明压扁处理能明显提高紫花苜蓿干燥速度,降低叶片损失,改善干草的营养品质。 相似文献
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不同调制方法紫花苜蓿干燥特性及干草质量的研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
对6种调制方法紫花苜蓿干燥特性及干草质量进行研究,结果表明,1)在参试的6种调制方法中,紫花苜蓿干燥的快慢顺序是:65℃烘干>压扁 喷碳酸钾溶液=喷碳酸钾溶液>压扁茎秆>自然晒干>风干.2)65℃烘干、压扁 喷碳酸钾溶液及喷碳酸钾溶液3种调制方法因缩短了干燥时间,从而提高了紫花苜蓿干草的质量;压扁茎秆虽可缩短紫花苜蓿的干燥时间,但在提高干草质量上效果不显著.3)采用灰色关联度分析对参试调制方法进行综合评价,结果表明,65℃烘干综合表现最好;其次是压扁 喷碳酸钾溶液及喷碳酸钾溶液,此2种方法调制的干草质量较高且操作简单易行,在生产中可优先选用. 相似文献
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Etiology of ammoniated hay toxicosis 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Some animals consuming hay treated with anhydrous ammonia have developed neurological signs including hyperexcitability, circling and convulsions. A series of experiments was conducted to identify tentatively the toxin and determine its mode of action. Three out of four sheep fed ammoniated orchardgrass hay (approximately 4% ammonia on a dry basis) developed convulsions. Two of the three sheep died within 18 h of the onset of signs. The concentrations of blood lactate and pyruvate were elevated in the symptomatic sheep (P less than .05). A proposed toxin, 4-methyl imidazole, did not induce the syndrome when 750 mg/d (approximately 10 times the dietary amount) were administered orally. Four out of five calves that received milk from cows fed ammoniated oat hay (approximately 5% ammonia on dry basis) displayed hyperexcitability and circling. Concentrations of blood lactate and pyruvate were also elevated in the calves. The crude alkaloid fraction of the toxic milk produced neurological signs similar to those of the calves when injected into mice. A fluorescent compound was found in the alkaloid fraction of toxic milk and ammoniated hay, but not in control milk or untreated hay. The fluorescent compound was quite labile; hence, characterization has been unsuccessful thus far. 相似文献
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C. L. Oldham T. F. Robinson Z. R. Hunter L. Taylor J. White N. P. Johnston 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(5):908-913
The purpose of this study was to determine the diurnal composition and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and to determine VFA composition and concentration differences between stomach compartment 1 (C1) and caecum of alpacas fed grass and alfalfa hay. The study was divided into two experiments. In Experiment 1 (EXP 1), 10 male alpacas (3+ years old, 65 kg BW) were divided into two groups, housed in drylot pens, provided ad libitum water and fed alfalfa (AH) or grass hay (GH) for 30 days. The alpacas were slaughtered and the digestive tract collected, divided into sub‐tract sections, weighed and digesta sampled for pH, dry matter (DM) and NDF. Volatile fatty acid composition and concentration were determined on C1 and caecal material. Four adult male (3+ years old, 60 kg BW), C1 fistulated alpacas were housed in metabolism crates and divided into two forage groups for Experiment 2 (EXP 2). Alpacas were fed the forages as in EXP 1. Diurnal C1 VFA samples were drawn at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h post‐feeding. There were no differences between forages for tract weight, C1 and caecum digesta DM or NDF. Differences were noted (p < 0.05) for pH between forages and sub‐tract site. Volatile fatty acids concentrations were different (p < 0.05) for forage and site, and total VFA was higher for AH than GH (110.6 and 79.1 mm ) and C1 than caecum (40.7 and 27.6 mm ). Proportion of VFA was significant (p < 0.05) for forage and site, C1 acetate highest for GH (84.8 vs. 74.0 mm ) and caecum acetate 83.7 and 76.2 mm for GH and AH respectively. These data demonstrate the level of VFA produced in C1 and the caecum of alpacas and the diurnal VFA patterns. Composition of VFA is similar to other ruminant species. 相似文献
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Alkanes as internal markers to estimate digestibility of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses. 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
A L Ordakowski D S Kronfeld J L Holland B J Hargreaves L S Gay P A Harris H Dove D Sklan 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1516-1522
Dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and fecal output (FO) are difficult to measure directly in the field, and indirect methods using external and internal markers have thus been developed. An experiment was conducted consisting of two digestion trials with two periods in each trial to examine the use of five odd-chain alkanes (C25 to C33) of plant cuticular wax as internal markers to estimate DMD of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses. Eight mature Thoroughbred geldings were housed in 4- x 4-m stalls and randomly assigned to one of two mixed grass/legume hays (Diets 1 and 2) in Trial 1 and to mixed grass/legume hay plus one of two concentrates (Diets 3 and 4) in Trial 2. After the first 12-d period was conducted, dietary assignments for each group were switched for the second period in each trial. Each period consisted of a dietary accommodation from d 1 to 7 and total fecal collection from d 8 to 11. Results indicated that fecal recoveries of odd-chain alkanes were 88 to 90% for Diet 1, 75 to 92% for Diet 2, 71 to 81% for Diet 3, and 71 to 82% for Diet 4. Alkane recoveries were not related to alkane chain lengths. Digestibilities calculated from alkane concentration data adjusted using the mean fecal recovery of individual odd-chain alkanes (DA1) were not significantly different from the digestibilities estimated from total collection (DTC) for Diets 1 and 2 in Trial 1 and Diets 3 and 4 in Trial 2. When adjustment was based on the mean recovery of all alkanes (DA2; estimated by linear regression), all DA2 estimates for horses offered all diets were similar to DTC. Results indicate that accurate mean estimates of DMD can be obtained by using plant wax alkane markers and adjusting for the mean recovery of five odd-chain alkanes in a diet. 相似文献
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Farmer's lung hay antibodies in cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Effects of level and frequency of supplementation with alfalfa (A) on feed intake and digestion by steers fed bermudagrass (B) or orchardgrass (O) were determined in two Latin square experiments. In Exp. 1, six Holstein steers (224 kg) were fed B (2.25% N; 71.4% NDF) or O (2.52% N; 64.3% NDF) with 0, 15 or 30% (DM) A (2.70% N; 44.0% NDF). Total DMI was 2.43, 2.72 and 2.85% BW for B and 2.98, 3.00 and 2.87% BW for O with 0, 15 and 30% A, respectively. Total DMI was affected by forage (P less than .05), A level (linear; P less than .06) and a forage x A level (linear) interaction (P less than .05). Digestible OM intake increased .42 (15%) and .67 kg (24%) with feeding of 15 and 30% A, respectively, for B, but for O, only dietary inclusion of 30% A elevated digestible OM intake (.14 kg and 4% increases). In Exp. 2, five Holstein steers (165 kg) were fed B (1.81% N; 78.6% NDF) alone or with A (2.76% N; 52.8% NDF). Morning meals consisted of ad libitum B (OA), .3% BW of A daily (.3A), .6% BW of A every 2nd d (.6A), .9% BW of A every 3rd d (.9A) or 1.2% BW of A every 4th d (1.2A). All steers received B in the afternoon ad libitum, and B was given in the morning when A was not fed. Total DMI was 2.31, 2.12, 2.12, 2.26 and 2.29% BW for OA, .3A, .6A, .9A and 1.2A, respectively (SE .049). Grass characteristics affected response in feed intake to legume supplementation. Frequency of dietary legume addition may alter feed intake. 相似文献
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为深入解析影响优质苜蓿干草生产的关键环境因子,为我国北方地区生产优质苜蓿干草提供理论依据和技术支持。通过测定紫花苜蓿不同收获期(不同茬次、不同花期)的干燥速率、叶绿素含量、主要营养成分(粗蛋白,CP;中性洗涤纤维,NDF;酸性洗涤纤维,ADF;相对饲用价值,RFV)等指标筛选苜蓿自然干燥的最佳环境条件,并通过各项指标与环境因子的相关性,明确影响苜蓿自然晾晒的主要环境因子。结果表明:1)苜蓿自然晾晒中,影响苜蓿干燥速率的主要环境因素是:太阳辐射强度、气温、空气湿度和风速;影响苜蓿叶绿素含量的主要环境因素是:太阳辐射强度、气温和风速;影响苜蓿CP、NDF、ADF及RFV等营养指标的主要环境因素是:气温、空气湿度和风速,其中温度、风速对CP的影响极显著,空气湿度对NDF、ADF及RFV的影响极显著。综合衡量,影响苜蓿干燥的主要环境因素是气温、空气湿度、太阳辐射强度以及风速。2)通过对各收获期苜蓿干燥速率、叶绿素含量及主要营养物质含量的综合分析,在与试验地气候条件相似地区,苜蓿自然干燥的最佳环境条件是:温度日均值26.29~27.95℃,空气湿度日均值34.74%~36.71%,太阳辐射强度日均值268.36~422.33 W·m^(-2),风速日均值1.59~1.82 km·h^(-1)。 相似文献
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Maria Alice Schnaider Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro-Filho Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski Tatiana Reiter Aline Cristina Dall Orsoletta Ademar Luiz Dallabrida 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):975-980
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) hay in diets based on dwarf elephant grass (DEG, Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Kurumi) hay of different regrowth ages on forage intake and digestibility in wether lambs. The experimental treatments consisted of DEG hay with an interval of regrowth of 30 or 45 days offered as the only feed or in mixture with peanut hay (300 g/kg of total dry matter (DM)), which were tested in eight Texel?×?Suffolk crossbred wethers in a replicated 4?×?4 Latin square experiment. Both organic matter (OM) and digestible OM intakes were higher (P?<?0.05) in animals receiving the legume forage. Total apparent OM digestibility was higher (P?<?0.05) at an increased grass regrowth age. Ruminal OM digestibility increased (P?<?0.05) with legume inclusion and at a higher grass regrowth age. The nitrogen (N) intake was higher (P?<?0.05) in legume treatments and lower (P?<?0.05) as the grass regrowth age increased, but retention of N was not affected by treatments. Duodenal flow of both, non-ammonia N and microbial N, were not affected by legume inclusion and were lower (P?<?0.05) as grass regrowth age increased. The efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (ERMPS) was negatively affected (P?<?0.05) by legume inclusion and was lower (P?<?0.05) as the grass regrowth age increased. Supplementation of dwarf elephant grass hay cut at the vegetative stage with peanut legume hay improves nutritional supply to wethers due to an increase in the forage intake. 相似文献
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J J Wichtel R H Whitlock 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,199(4):471-472
Botulism was believed to be the cause of progressive symmetric myasthenia in 8 horses on a farm in North Carolina. One horse was found dead, 6 were euthanatized after becoming recumbent, and 1 affected horse recovered. Cecal and colonic contents of 2 horses were determined to contain Clostridium botulinum spores. Alfalfa hay that was fed to the horses contained spores and toxin. 相似文献
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A comparison between chromium-mordanted hay and acid-insoluble ash to determine apparent digestibility of a chaffed, molassed hay/straw mixture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The apparent digestibility of a molassed, chaffed grass hay/straw mixture was determined using four mature horses (mean weight 606 kg). Animals were stalled individually and kept on rubber mats. A preliminary feeding period of 18 days was followed by a 10 day collection period. Chromium-mordanted hay was given before the first feed at 08.00 h and subsequent meals were at 12.00, 16.00 and 20.00 h. On Days 3 and 10 of the collection, all faeces were sampled over a 24 h period. In addition, throughout the 10 day collection, faecal material was sampled at 10.00 and 16.00 h. The mean (+/- se) chromium recovery was 96.5 per cent +/- 0.76 and the hay/straw mixture contained 7 MJDE/kg dry matter and 15.1 g DCP/kg dry matter. There was no significant difference between the methods used to estimate apparent digestibility although chromium measurements consistently underestimated whilst acid-insoluble ash consistently overestimated digestibility values. There was a large variation in faecal chromium concentration for each horse over a 24 h period compared to acid-insoluble ash concentrations and, consequently, indirect estimates of apparent digestibility of nutrients in the equine are prone to large errors if chromium is used as a marker. If total faecal collection is impractical, acid-insoluble ash is the preferred indirect marker for the estimation of apparent digestibility coefficients for nutrients in horses. 相似文献
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