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1.
BACKGROUND: Reticulocyte indices, especially reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CH retic), have shown promise as markers of iron deficiency (ID), but there have been no prospective investigations of reticulocyte indices in experimental models of ID. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare reticulocyte indices with conventional hematologic and biochemical indices as markers of ID in dogs. METHODS: Iron deficiency was induced in 7 dogs by feeding an iron-deficient diet, and corrected by restoring dietary iron and by giving iron parenterally. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals. Results of hematologic and biochemical tests were compared using t-tests and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Comparing mean values on days 0 and 35, by which time hemoglobin concentration decreased to 90% of baseline in all dogs, % Macro retic, % Hypo retic, % Low CH retic, and % High CH retic differed by greater than 3-fold, whereas no conventional hematologic or biochemical indices differed by as much as 2-fold. Comparing conventional hematologic and reticulocyte indices by ROC curve analysis using 4 different biochemical diagnostic criteria of ID, CH retic, % Hypo retic, % Low CH retic, and % High CH retic had higher areas under the curve (AUC) than either MCV conv or MCHC conv according to all 4 criteria, and % Macro retic and MCV retic had higher AUC values according to 3 of 4 criteria (differences were not always statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study support the value of reticulocyte indices in the diagnosis and monitoring of ID in dogs. Species similarities in the pathophysiology and hematologic manifestations of ID suggest these findings also may be relevant to ID in people.  相似文献   

2.
BACKGROUND: Increasing interest in wildlife care leads to the need for new tools to evaluate animal health. Laboratory investigations require reference intervals against which to compare the results obtained. For common buzzards, only a few studies have been performed to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to develop reference values for routine hematologic and biochemical constituents and protein electrophoretic fractions and evaluate possible seasonal differences in values for healthy common buzzards. METHODS: Heparinized blood samples were collected from 23 captive, clinically healthy common buzzards between February 2001 and June 2003. A CBC, routine biochemical analysis, and protein electrophoresis were performed. Data distribution was assessed and results from birds sampled in spring, summer, and winter were compared. Results from alternative methods for hemoglobin (Hgb; estimated as HCT / 3 vs spectrophotometry), total protein (biuret vs refractometry), and albumin (bromcresol green vs electrophoresis) concentrations also were compared. RESULTS: Reference intervals were calculated as 10-90th percentiles. In spring and summer, total WBC and heterophil counts, and urea, total protein, prealbumin, and beta- and gamma-globulins concentrations were significantly different from winter values. Results obtained by alternative methods for Hgb, total protein, and albumin concentrations were significantly different from those obtained by standard methods, although estimated and spectrophotometric Hgb values were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The reference values obtained in this study for hematologic and plasma biochemical constituents and their seasonal variation in healthy, captive common buzzards will be useful in the clinical evaluation of these birds in rehabilitation settings.  相似文献   

3.

Background

Reticulocyte hemoglobin content provided by the Siemens ADVIA (CHr) is an established marker of iron deficiency. The IDEXX ProCyte Dx hematology analyzer now provides a similar variable, reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET‐He).

Objectives

The objective was to evaluate RET‐He and its diagnostic utility in dogs, and to calculate a cutoff value for diagnosing iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). Furthermore, the prevalence of RET‐He values below this cutoff value was established.

Methods

One hundred and seventy‐one CBCs of healthy dogs were used to establish a RI. Stability of RET‐He was evaluated by repeated measurements over 48 hours (n = 10). The 25‐run coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated, and correlation and bias between measurements of RET‐He and CHr were assessed (n = 190). A cutoff value for diagnosing IDE was calculated. The utility of RET‐He in the detection of IDE was evaluated in 123 dogs. The prevalence of low RET‐He values was assessed retrospectively in a multicenter study (2012–2014) under participation of 7 veterinary clinics.

Results

Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent with an RI of 22.2 to 28.6 pg was statistically stable over 48 hours (P = .10). The CV was 1.8%. A fair correlation (ρ = 0.74) between RET‐He and CHr with a small bias of ?0.6 pg was found. The cutoff value for diagnosing IDE was 20.9 pg (sensitivity: 85%; specificity: 99%). The prevalence of RET‐He values below 20.9 pg was 10.3% (1084/10,553 dogs).

Conclusions

RET‐He on the ProCyte Dx is a precise screening tool in dogs to detect iron‐deficient erythropoiesis.  相似文献   

4.
BACKGROUND: The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is a protected species in Italy. Orphaned, injured, and ill owls often are sheltered and treated in rehabilitation centers, where hematologic and biochemical analyses would be helpful to evaluate and monitor the status of their health. OBJECTIVES: The major aim of this work was to assess hematologic and biochemical constituents together with protein electrophoretic fractions in healthy tawny owls. In addition, we compared laboratory methods for determining hemoglobin (Hgb), total protein, and albumin concentrations. METHODS: Heparinized blood samples were collected from 10 clinically healthy adult captive tawny owls between March 2001 and November 2003 for CBC, routine biochemical analysis, and protein electrophoresis. Alternate methods for Hgb (estimation as HCT/3 vs spectrophotometry), total protein (biuret vs refractometry), and albumin (bromcresol green vs electrophoresis) concentrations were compared in 34 samples from 16 unhealthy adult owls and 8 nestlings. RESULTS: Results were reported as mean, median, and range (minimum-maximum). Significant differences and poor concordance were observed between methods for Hgb, total protein, and albumin. CONCLUSIONS: Hematologic and plasma biochemical values in captive tawny owls may be useful in evaluating and monitoring the health of this species in captivity.  相似文献   

5.
Microcytosis, hypochromasia, and low mean corpuscular hemoglobin are frequent hematologic abnormalities in dogs with portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA). The relationship of iron status to these abnormalities is unclear. We evaluated iron status and hematologic and biochemical parameters in dogs with congenital PSVA before (25 dogs) and after (11 dogs) partial ligation of the vascular anomaly. Serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity were subnormal in 56% and 20% of dogs with PSVA, respectively. Transferrin saturation was normal in 68%, decreased in 20%, and increased in 12% of the dogs. Plasma ferritin concentration was either normal (56%) or high (44%), and was not associated with increases in ceruloplasmin concentration. Hepatic stainable iron was increased in 10 of 16 dogs. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were decreased in more than 60% of dogs with PSVA. Serum biochemical abnormalities included high bile acid concentration and alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities; and low urea, creatinine, cholesterol, and total protein concentrations. Serum iron concentration and clinical status (normal or PSVA) significantly influenced MCV ( P = .003 and P < .001, respectively), whereas age, ceruloplasmin, ferritin, cholesterol, bile acids, and total iron binding capacity did not. Partial ligation of PSVA was associated with resolution of clinical signs and the return to normal of iron status and all clinicopathologic abnormalities, except total fasting bile acid concentrations. These findings indicate that iron status is frequently abnormal in dogs with PSVA and that low serum iron concentration appears to be related to the development of microcytosis. The normalization of iron status and clinicopathologic abnormalities after treatment suggests that they are direct consequences of PSVA.  相似文献   

6.
A predicted mean corpuscular volume (PMCV) was calculated from the reticulocyte percentage and compared to the actual mean corpuscular volume for the purpose of determining bone marrow iron depletion in the dog. A difference of greater than 10 fl between the pMCV and the actual measured MCV accurately predicted the absence of stainable iron in bone marrow aspirates (sensitivity 86%, specificity 93%). The difference (Diff) between the predicted and actual measured MCV may also be a valuable method for following response to iron therapy in dogs with iron deficiency anemia without the necessity for repeated bone marrow examination. The predicted MCV may be useful in determining which patients are not at risk for canine iron deficiency.  相似文献   

7.
BACKGROUND: Models for the study of hematopoietic stem cells in dogs provide important information for bone marrow transplantation in humans. Recent studies have reported the importance of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) as an alternative to allogenic bone marrow for hematopoietic reconstitution. However, there are no studies on the UCB cells of dogs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experiment was to characterize and quantify the blood cells of the umbilical cord of dogs. METHODS: The blood of the umbilical cord of 20 neonatal dogs, delivered at term, with a median gestation time of 58 days, was collected with a 5-mL syringe containing EDTA. Total RBC, WBC, and platelet counts, HCT, hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, and RBC indices were determined using an automatic cell counter. The differential leukocyte count was determined manually in blood smears stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Reticulocyte percentages were determined on blood smears stained with brilliant cresyl blue and counterstained with May-Grünwald Giemsa. RESULTS: The MCHC and numbers of RBCs, WBCs, neutrophils, and eosinophils in UCB were lower as compared with reference values for the peripheral blood of healthy neonatal and adult dogs; whereas, the MCV and reticulocyte percentages were higher. CONCLUSION: Erythrocyte macrocytosis and hypochromasia in UCB were consistent with marked reticulocytosis and indicative of high erythropoietic activity. The results of this study are an important first step in the characterization of UCB from neonatal dogs.  相似文献   

8.
This study sought to develop customized morphology flagging thresholds for canine erythrocyte volume and hemoglobin concentration [Hgb] on the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer; compare automated morphology flagging with results of microscopic blood smear evaluation; and examine effects of customized thresholds on morphology flagging results. Customized thresholds were determined using data from 52 clinically healthy dogs. Blood smear evaluation and automated morphology flagging results were correlated with mean cell volume (MCV) and cellular hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) in 26 dogs. Customized thresholds were applied retroactively to complete blood (cell) count (CBC) data from 5 groups of dogs, including a reference sample group, clinical cases, and animals with experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia. Automated morphology flagging correlated more highly with MCV or CHCM than did blood smear evaluation; correlation with MCV was highest using customized thresholds. Customized morphology flagging thresholds resulted in more sensitive detection of microcytosis, macrocytosis, and hypochromasia than default thresholds.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: The shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, is an imperiled species distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America. Interest in replenishing wild stocks with hatchery-reared fish has created a need for accurate hematologic and biochemical reference intervals to evaluate the health of both fish raised in aquaculture systems and fish in the wild. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to generate hematologic and biochemistry reference intervals for healthy shortnose sturgeon. METHODS: Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes from 77 shortnose sturgeon raised in flow-through aquaculture systems. Whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed for hematologic and biochemical variables using standard techniques. Reference intervals were calculated as the central 95% (percentile) of data. RESULTS: Hematologic reference intervals (n = 46) were as follows: PCV 26-46%, hemoglobin 5.7-8.7 g/dL, MCV 307-520 fL, MCH 65.9-107.1 pg, MCHC 15-30 g/dL, plasma proteins (refractometry) 2.8-6.0 g/dL, RBC count 0.65-1.09 x 10(6)/microL, total WBC count 28,376-90,789/microL, small lymphocytes 9063-56,656/microL, large lymphocytes 2122-10,435/microL, neutrophils 3758-33,592/microL, monocytes 0-7137/microL, eosinophils 0-1544/microL, thrombocyte-like cells 6863-23,046/microL, thrombocytes 32,205-122,179/microL, and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio 0.068-1.026. Plasma chemistry reference intervals (n = 77) were as follows: total protein 2.7-5.3 g/dL, albumin 0.8-1.7 g/dL, globulins 1.8-3.7 mg/dL, creatinine 0-1.4 mg/dL, total bilirubin 0-0.1 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase 47-497 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 90-311 U/L, sodium 124-141 mmol/L, potassium 2.9-3.7 mmol/L, chloride 106-121 mmol/L, calcium 6.6-12.1 mg/dL, magnesium 1.6-2.3 mg/dL, phosphorus 5.1-8.1 mg/dL, glucose 37-74 mg/dL, cholesterol 42-133 mg/dL, and osmolality 232-289 mOsm/kg. CONCLUSION: Reference values reported here will be useful for the early detection, identification, and monitoring of disease and sublethal conditions in cultured shortnose sturgeon.  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, on the basis of sample type, storage condition, or hemolysis, differences in serum and plasma biochemical values have not been evaluated in orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare values for biochemical analytes in serum vs plasma, fresh vs frozen plasma, and nonhemolyzed vs hemolyzed samples in orange-winged Amazon parrots. We also compared differences in serum and plasma yield from whole-blood aliquots. METHODS: Fifteen biochemical analytes were evaluated in paired serum and plasma, fresh and frozen plasma, nonhemolyzed and hemolyzed serum and plasma samples from orange-winged Amazon parrots (n = 10) using a wet reagent analyzer. Hemolysis was assessed qualitatively (visually) and quantitatively (hemoglobin [Hgb] measured spectrophotometrically). Serum and plasma yields from 500-microl whole-blood aliquots were determined from centrifuged samples. RESULTS: Analyte values significantly differed among sample groups, but were still within published reference intervals, with the exception of increases in potassium concentration in markedly hemolyzed serum and plasma samples. Clinically important changes in hemolyzed serum and plasma samples included increases in potassium, phosphorus, and albumin concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The degree of hemolysis assigned qualitatively did not correlate with quantitative Hgb concentration. A significantly greater yield of plasma (288 +/- 13 microL) than serum (241 +/- 44 microL) was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences may occur in different sample types, however, only changes in potassium, phosphorus, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase values in hemolyzed samples were considered clinically relevant. Lack of agreement between qualitative and quantitative Hgb concentration indicates the unreliability of visual estimation. Based on higher sample yield, and lack of clinically relevant differences from serum, plasma is a better sample choice for clinical chemistry analysis in birds.  相似文献   

11.
Background: The ADVIA 120 is a laser-based hematology analyzer with software applications for animal species. Accurate reference values would be useful for the assessment of new hematologic parameters and for interlaboratory comparisons.

Objective:


Objective: The goal of this study was to establish reference intervals for CBC results and new parameters for RBC morphology, reticulocytes, and platelets in healthy dogs and cats using the ADVIA 120 hematology system.

Methods:


Methods: The ADVIA 120, with multispecies software (version 1.107-MS), was used to analyze whole blood samples from clinically healthy dogs (n=46) and cats (n=61). Data distribution was determined and reference intervals were calculated as 2.5 to 97.5 percentiles and 25 to 75 percentiles.

Results:


Results: Most data showed Gaussian or log-normal distribution. The numbers of RBCs falling outside the normocyticnormochromic range were slightly higher in cats than in dogs. Both dogs and cats had reticulocytes with low, medium, and high absorbance. Mean numbers of large platelets and platelet clumps were higher in cats compared with dogs.

Conclusions:


Conclusions: Reference intervals obtained on the ADVIA 120 provide valuable baseline information for assessing new hematologic parameters and for interlaboratory comparisons. Differences compared with previously published reference values can be attributed largely to differences in methodology.  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: Most hematologic analyses are performed within a short time of blood sampling, but samples collected at the end of a week may have to be stored for up to 2 days. The stability of hematologic constituents is poorly documented. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the results of RBC, WBC and platelet counts, hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, and MCV before and after storage of canine blood at room temperature for 24 and 48 hours. METHODS: One hundred fifty-two K3-EDTA canine blood specimens from 2 veterinary hospitals were analyzed within 4 hours of collection, then 24 and 48 hours later with a Coulter T540 hematology analyzer. Results were compared by Passing-Bablock agreement, difference plots, and according to their classification as normal or abnormal based on reference intervals. RESULTS: RBC count and Hgb concentration were stable for the duration of the study. Differences in WBC and platelet counts varied with the specimen, independently of the initial value. MCV increased consistently over the 2 days. However, only a few results were misclassified. CONCLUSION: Whole blood specimens stored for up to 2 days at room temperature are suitable for cell counts and Hgb measurement. However, potential variations have to be known to avoid misinterpretations, especially near the decision limits.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of parenteral administration of iron and copper on hematological parameters, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves in the period when iron and copper deficiency could be existed. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used for the experiment and randomly assigned to four different treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no injections of Fe and Cu), (2) test 1 (1000 mg Fe as fe-dextran was injected to each calf at day 2 of age), (3) test 2 (160 mg Cu as methionine-copper complex was injected to each calf at day 14 of age), and (4) test 3 (Fe and Cu were injected to each calf as mentioned previously). Blood samples were collected from all of the calves within 24-48 hours after birth and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age for measuring hematological parameters and within 24-48 hours after birth and at 14, 21 and 28 days of age for the determination of iron, copper, TIBC concentrations, and AST activity. Anti-coagulated blood was analyzed shortly after collection for: number of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), heamatocrit (HCT), total leukocyte count (WBC), Platelet (Plt), MCH, MCV, MCHC, and differential leukocyte counts. The amounts of iron, copper, TIBC, and AST were measured in serum. Group had significant effects on the amounts of HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, neutrophil, weekly weight gain, and daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). Sampling time had significant effects on the amounts of RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, fibrinogen, copper, TIBC, AST, weight, weekly gain and, daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). significant interactions between sampling time and group were seen for HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, platelet, total protein, fibrinogen, iron, and TIBC (p < 0.05). Improved RBC parameters and MCV were seen in calves of group 4 (test 3) in comparing with control group. Total and daily gains were also significantly improved in test groups in comparing with control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen for the days of treatment between groups.  相似文献   

14.
Microcytosis is a common laboratory finding in dogs with iron deficiency and congenital portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA), however artefactual changes due to blood storage may occur which could mask this feature. This study evaluated the effects of storage on microcytosis in dogs with congenital PSVA. Full haematological parameters were measured on the day of sampling and following 24h storage at room temperature, in unaffected dogs (n=13) and in dogs affected with PSVA (n=24). Storage for 24h resulted in significantly higher MCV values in both groups of dogs (P<0.01). The percentage increase in MCV was greater in the control dogs (median 8.07%, range 5.64-9.31%) compared to affected dogs (median 6.05%, range 3.12-15.21%) (P<0.02). Storage of 1ml EDTA blood samples at ambient temperature for 24h prior to analysis, as occurs when samples are posted to external laboratories, will have significant effects on MCV and may mask microcytosis in dogs with PSVA.  相似文献   

15.
Hypernatremia in two cats and hyponatremia in a dog were associated with artifactual changes in red blood cell (RBC) indices and hematocrit (HCT) determined on a Bayer H*1 hematology analyzer. The RBC cytograms and histograms revealed a population shifted towards macrocytic, hypochromic RBC in the hypernatremic cats, and towards microcytic, hyperchromic RBC in the hyponatremic dog. Reference intervals for the difference between manual packed cell volume (PCV) and analyzer-derived HCT in normonatremic dogs, cats and horses were established. The difference between PCT and HCT was outside the reference values for all three patients. Quality control measures, such as measuring PCV, and reviewing cytograms and histograms are essential for detecting spurious changes in automated hematology measurements caused by abnormalities in serum sodium concentration and osmolality.  相似文献   

16.
Background: The Sysmex XT‐2000iV is a laser‐based, flow cytometric hematology system that has been introduced for use in large and referral veterinary laboratories. Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the Sysmex XT‐2000iV for counting erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets, and total leukocytes in blood from ill dogs, cats, and horses. Methods: Blood samples from diseased animals (133 dogs, 65 cats, and 73 horses) were analyzed with the Sysmex XT‐2000iV and the CELL‐DYN 3500. Manual reticulocyte counts were done on an additional 98 canine and 14 feline samples and manual platelet counts were done on an additional 73 feline and 55 canine samples, and compared with automated Sysmex results. Results: Hemoglobin concentration, RBC counts, and total WBC counts on the Sysmex were highly correlated with those from the CELL‐DYN (r≥0.98). Systematic differences occurred for MCV and HCT. MCHC was poorly correlated in all species (r=0.33–0.67). The Sysmex impedance platelet count in dogs was highly correlated with both the impedance count from the CELL‐DYN (r=0.99) and the optical platelet count from the Sysmex (r=0.98). The Sysmex optical platelet count included large platelets, such that in samples from cats, the results agreed better with manual platelet counts than with impedance platelet counts on the Sysmex. Canine reticulocyte counts on the Sysmex correlated well (r=0.90) with manual reticulocyte counts. Feline reticulocyte counts on the Sysmex correlated well with aggregate (r=0.86) but not punctate (r=0.50) reticulocyte counts. Conclusion: The Sysmex XT‐2000iV performed as well as the CELL‐DYN on blood samples from dogs, cats, and horses with a variety of hematologic abnormalities. In addition, the Sysmex detected large platelets and provided accurate reticulocyte counts.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Commercial farming of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus has had an impact on the use of this species for meat consumption and the leather industry. Spectacled Caimans comprise part of the South American plains biodiversity. Misinterpretation of laboratory data is a risk owing to the limited hematologic and serum biochemical values available for this species. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine hematologic and serum biochemical values for wild Spectacled Caimans from the Venezuelan plains. Methods: Blood samples were collected form the caudal tail vein of 100 Spectacled Caimans (40 males and 60 females) from the plains located in the State of Apure. Values for RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, WBC absolute and differential counts, and thrombocyte counts were obtained using manual methods, and RBC indices were calculated. Serum biochemical analysis included measurement of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase activities and concentrations of total protein and albumin. Comparisons between sexes were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. Results: Reference values for wild Spectacled Caimans were determined. Minor differences in hematologic values, particularly for RBC counts, were found compared with previously published values for this species. Serum biochemical values were similar to those available for other crocodilians. There were no significant differences between males and females. Conclusions: Minor differences between the values obtained for wild Spectacled Caimans and those previously published for this species may be related to differences in methodology and environmental conditions. Availability of hematologic and serum biochemical reference values will be useful for accurate diagnosis and management of disease in this species.  相似文献   

18.
Owing to the development of Greyhounds as racing sighthounds, these dogs have acquired unique physiologic adaptations that distinguish them from other breeds. Reference intervals for many analytes in retired racing Greyhounds (RRGs) differ from those of other breeds; most of the hematologic differences have also been described in other sighthounds. In this review, we provide a survey of the literature on clinical pathology of Greyhounds and other sighthounds and results of laboratory testing, including analysis of CBCs, biochemical profiles, coagulation tests, and blood gases, in RRGs at The Ohio State University. Major clinicopathologic differences in this breed include higher RBC mass, creatinine concentration, glomerular filtration rate, activities of hepatic enzymes, and concentration of cardiac troponin, as well as lower WBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts, thromboelastographic values, and concentrations of serum haptoglobin, total globulins, and T4.  相似文献   

19.
BACKGROUND: Age-related changes in hematologic values are known to occur in many species. Few published studies include repeated measurements of hematologic parameters in calves during the first months of life. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to monitor hematologic values by sequential measurements from birth to 6 months of age in 15 healthy calves of the Norwegian Red breed, and compare the results to reference intervals for adult, lactating dairy cows. METHODS: Fifteen clinically healthy calves were sampled every week during the first 5 weeks of life and every month thereafter until 6 months of age. Hematologic values were measured using the ADVIA 120 hematology system. Reference intervals were determined for 75 healthy adult cows of the same breed. RESULTS: Compared with adult reference intervals, the MCV was lower and the RBC count was higher in calves throughout the investigation period. Hemoglobin concentration stayed largely within the adult reference interval. Mean MCHC was lower than adult values for 5 weeks, then increased and reached adult values by weeks 10-12. The mean lymphocyte count for calves reached adult reference values at weeks 6-8, and the mean monocyte count increased steadily until weeks 14-16. For most leukocytes, interindividual variation was larger during the first 5-8 weeks of life. The mean platelet count for calves was higher than the adult reference interval until weeks 19-21 of age. CONCLUSIONS: Age-specific reference intervals for calves from birth to 6 month of age are needed for RBC count, MCV, MCHC, red cell distribution width, and platelet and lymphocyte counts.  相似文献   

20.
Background: Scandinavian free‐ranging wolves (Canis lupus) are endangered, such that laboratory data to assess their health status is increasingly important. Although wolves have been studied for decades, most biological information comes from captive animals. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to establish reference intervals for 30 clinical chemical and 8 hematologic analytes in Scandinavian free‐ranging wolves. Methods: All wolves were tracked and chemically immobilized from a helicopter before examination and blood sampling in the winter of 7 consecutive years (1998–2004). Seventy‐nine blood samples were collected from 57 gray wolves, including 24 juveniles (24 samples), 17 adult females (25 samples), and 16 adult males (30 samples). Whole blood and serum samples were stored at refrigeration temperature for 1–3 days before hematologic analyses and for 1–5 days before serum biochemical analyses. Reference intervals were calculated as 95% confidence intervals except for juveniles where the minimum and maximum values were used. Results: Significant differences were observed between adult and juvenile wolves for RBC parameters, alkaline phosphatase and amylase activities, and total protein, albumin, γ‐globulins, cholesterol, creatinine, calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate, and sodium concentrations. Conclusion: Compared with published reference values for captive wolves, reference intervals for free‐ranging wolves reflected exercise activity associated with capture (higher creatine kinase activity, higher glucose concentration), and differences in nutritional status (higher urea concentration).  相似文献   

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