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1.
Silvestre García de Jalón Paul J. Burgess Anil Graves Gerardo Moreno Jim McAdam Eric Pottier Sandra Novak Valerio Bondesan Rosa Mosquera-Losada Josep Crous-Durán Joao H. N. Palma Joana A. Paulo Tania S. Oliveira Eric Cirou Yousri Hannachi Anastasia Pantera Régis Wartelle Sonja Kay Nina Malignier Philippe Van Lerberghe Penka Tsonkova Jaconette Mirck Mercedes Rois Anne Grete Kongsted Claudine Thenail Boki Luske Staffan Berg Marie Gosme Andrea Vityi 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(4):829-848
Whilst the benefits of agroforestry are widely recognised in tropical latitudes few studies have assessed how agroforestry is perceived in temperate latitudes. This study evaluates how stakeholders and key actors including farmers, landowners, agricultural advisors, researchers and environmentalists perceive the implementation and expansion of agroforestry in Europe. Meetings were held with 30 stakeholder groups covering different agroforestry systems in 2014 in eleven EU countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). In total 344 valid responses were received to a questionnaire where stakeholders were asked to rank the positive and negative aspects of implementing agroforestry in their region. Improved biodiversity and wildlife habitats, animal health and welfare, and landscape aesthetics were seen as the main positive aspects of agroforestry. By contrast, increased labour, complexity of work, management costs and administrative burden were seen as the most important negative aspects. Overall, improving the environmental value of agriculture was seen as the main benefit of agroforestry, whilst management and socio-economic issues were seen as the greatest barriers. The great variability in the opportunities and barriers of the systems suggests enhanced adoption of agroforestry across Europe will be most likely to occur with specific initiatives for each type of system. 相似文献
2.
In the United States, agroforestry adoption has lagged behind progress in agroforestry systems research. This study sought
to facilitate the communication of landowner land management objectives, values, knowledge and perceptions of the barriers
and benefits to agroforestry through applied social marketing research methods and market segmentation analysis. A mail survey
instrument was sent to 250 members of the Pennsylvania Association of Sustainable Agriculture (PASA) and 250 members of Woodland
Owner Associations (WOA). Current management objectives and production strategies, agroforestry awareness, agroforestry interest,
and perceptions regarding the benefits and obstacles to agroforestry adoption were gauged. Market segmentation was performed
with a two-step cluster analysis to produce four agroforestry adoption potential models: Timber-Related Practices, Livestock-Related
Practices, Specialty Crop-Related Practices, and Non-Adopters. The analyses showed that agroforestry practices could satisfy
specific land management objectives within diverse populations. The method effectively identified similarities in agroforestry
adoption scenarios. Market segmentation could be utilised as a social marketing tool to guide future policy development, scientific
research, and the efficacy and relevance of future agroforestry research and outreach programs. The next step in program development
should include the creation of a statewide multidisciplinary team comprised of university, non-profit association and landowner
representation, to develop agroforestry applications relevant to each cluster and promote the practices through landowner-led
on-farm demonstrations and workshops. 相似文献
3.
Elisabeth S. Simelton Delia C. Catacutan Thu C. Dao Bac V. Dam Thinh D. Le 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(1):51-67
Agroforestry is known to have multiple economic and environmental benefits. Despite this, the adoption of agroforestry in Viet Nam is limited both in extent and diversity of components and practices. Our study identified gaps for agroforestry adoption in current policies and policy implementation. National policy and provincial instructions and decisions were reviewed and discussed during ten stakeholders’ consultation workshops. The review and workshops concluded that there were no specific national and few provincial specific policies promoting agroforestry. In addition, the segregation of policies into agriculture and forestry, promoted monoculture practices and discouraged the integration of mixed annual and perennial tree species. Completing the forestland allocation process was considered essential for long-term investment on land and providing collateral for loans. More holistic policies, such as a provincial strategy for agroforestry development that would enable flexible integration of agriculture, forestry and livestock were perceived to be more effective and inclusive to poor and non-poor farmers. Specific cross-cutting budget allocation would be necessary for capacity building, upscaling agroforestry models, procurement of high-quality inputs, and establishing post-harvest processing and marketing investments. 相似文献
4.
The Dauphiné province in south-eastern France is a major area for walnut orchards. Growers manage their orchards with some
specific agroforestry features: grafted walnut trees may be pruned to form a bottom log with a timber end use (dual purpose
trees), and intercrops may be grown between the tree lines. These agroforestry practices are however only partially adopted.
Three surveys were conducted in 1993, 1995 and 1996 to elicit the farmer motivations for adopting or rejecting agroforestry
management features. The walnut industry is a key activity in two parts of Dauphiné: the Isère valley, and the Diois basin.
The reasons for adoption of agroforestry practices are discussed. In the Isère valley, the priority is given to walnut production
in specialised farms, and the extension services are opposed to agroforestry practices. In the dryer Diois area, the main
explanations for agroforestry adoption were the welfare of the farmer family, the age of the farm manager, and the contribution
of walnut production to the family income. Dual purpose management schemes were characterised by extended investment return
delays, but proved to be the most rewarding schemes when practised with intercrops. A very extensive tree management with
few pest control operations improved the profitability. Intensive orchards had a low bequest value at the time of inheritance,
in contrast to dual-purpose orchards. The age of the farmer at planting time appeared to be a key criterion for agroforestry
management adoption.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
In an effort to assess agroforestry adoption potential among a diverse Pennsylvania landowner population, a mail survey instrument
was sent to 250 members of the Pennsylvania Association of Sustainable Agriculture (PASA) and 250 members of Woodland Owner
Associations (WOA). Current management objectives and production strategies, agroforestry awareness, agroforestry interest,
and perceptions regarding the benefits and obstacles to agroforestry adoption were gauged. Market segmentation was performed
with a two-step cluster analysis to produce four agroforestry adoption potential models: Timber-Related Practices, Livestock-Related
Practices, Specialty Crop-Related Practices, and Non-Adopters. The analyses showed that agroforestry practices could indeed
satisfy specific land management objectives within diverse populations. The key to outreach success and adoption will be to
engage these landowner groups according to their unique interests and values, and to demonstrate the potential agroforestry
has to enhance existing objectives. 相似文献
6.
Agroforestry practices of farming communities are investigated in southern Punjab province, Pakistan. It is hypothesized that rural people of this areas are more inclined than elsewhere in the province to practice agroforestry due to greater profitability than cropping. A landholder survey revealed that the majority of farmers are inclined to plant trees on their land. Low accessibility of institutional credit is a constraint for both agroforestry farmers (AF) and non-agroforestry farmers. However, among AF respondents only 24% were found to need credit for agroforestry practice, as against nearly 76% for crop production. Mostly farmers were found to have positive perceptions regarding agroforestry practice, because they understand the multiple benefits from growing trees, compared with cropping where farmers face various constraints, including poor access to credit, natural hazards, and little support from local authorities. Further, effort to sensitize farmers that growing trees has multiple benefits compared to only cultivation of field crops can bring about change in farmer’s perceptions and attitudes in the Indus River basin, resulting in motivation for agroforestry adoption. 相似文献
7.
8.
Agroforestry is a traditional land use system that may contribute to the solution of environmental problems in agriculture. Agroforestry is the practice of deliberately integrating woody vegetation (trees or shrubs) with crops and/or animal systems to benefit from the resulting ecological and economic interactions. Recent research indicates that a wider adoption of agroforestry principles and practices is a key means by which the global agri-food sector might achieve more sustainable methods of food and fiber production by producing both economic benefits for farmers and environmental benefits for society. Agroforestry provides numerous provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services and environmental benefits while promoting eco-intensification based on a more efficient use of the resources. Nevertheless, there is only little published recent information on the contribution of agroforestry to the environment in general and on climate change, carbon sequestration and forest fires in particular. In this special issue a number of articles are included that provide a kaleidoscope of the environmental benefits that agroforestry provides to the environment.
相似文献9.
D. Callo-Concha M. Denich M. M. Ul Hassan F. Place D. A. Wardell 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(5):795-798
Since its foundation in the 1970’s, agroforestry science has evolved from setting its concepts, research approaches and flagship technologies towards its increasing contribution to ecologically sound land use, food security and income generation in the global North and South. The Third World Congress on Agroforestry held in Delhi in April 2014 continued contributed to this evolution by focusing, beyond the scientific realm, on the implementation of findings by convening ad-hoc stakeholders and subjects. Accordingly, some of the congress sessions dealt with key aspects of how agroforestry can foster and contribute to development. The special issue “Lessons for research, capacity development and policy in agroforestry for development” compiles approaches, experiences and overall lessons from (i) research, (ii) capacity development, and (iii) policy-making, capable to promote and generate developmental change through agroforestry. This introductory paper outlines the rationale for the three areas and the contributing articles. 相似文献
10.
Spices constitute an important sub-sector of the economy of Sri Lanka. Most perennial spices are cultivated in agroforestry types of farming systems. A field survey was conducted covering 127 agroforestry farmers in six divisional secretariats in Matale district during the period of October to December 2002. Technical efficiency of spice based agroforestry systems was estimated in order to identify the potential increase in production without incurring additional costs for farm inputs. The factors affecting technical efficiency and constraints and potential of the agroforestry system were also investigated. According to a stochastic frontier production function using a Cobb–Douglas model, hired labour, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, land size, and soil conservation measures showed significant positive effects on the agroforestry production. The mean technical efficiency of the spice based agroforestry systems was 84.32%. According to the inefficiency model the efficiency increased significantly as a result of farm visits by extension officers, participation in farmer training, less sloping lands, more experience, and higher diversity of the agroforestry system. Technical efficiency decreased, however, with higher education level of the farmer and with higher off-farm income. Unsustainability of the agroforestry system is seen as a result of a␣range of constraints related to productivity, market, technology and institutions. 相似文献
11.
12.
Helton N. Souza Irene M. Cardoso José M. Fernandes Flávia C. P. Garcia Verônica R. Bonfim Alvori C. Santos Anôr F. Carvalho Eduardo S. Mendonça 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,80(1):1-16
A challenge in establishing agroforestry systems is ensuring that farmers are interested in the tree species, and are aware
of how to adequately manage these species. This challenge was tackled in the Atlantic Rainforest biome (Brazil), where a participatory
trial with agroforestry coffee systems was carried out, followed by a participatory systematisation of the farmers experiences.
Our objective was to identify the main tree species used by farmers as well as their criteria for selecting or rejecting tree
species. Furthermore, we aimed to present a specific inventory of trees of the Leguminosae family. In order to collect the
data, we reviewed the bibliography of the participatory trial, visited and interviewed the farmers and organised workshops
with them. The main farmers’ criteria for selecting tree species were compatibility with coffee, amount of biomass, production
and the labour needed for tree management. The farmers listed 85 tree species; we recorded 28 tree species of the Leguminosae
family. Most trees were either native to the biome or exotic fruit trees. In order to design and manage complex agroforestry
systems, family farmers need sufficient knowledge and autonomy, which can be reinforced when a participatory methodology is
used for developing on-farm agroforestry systems. In the case presented, the farmers learned how to manage, reclaim and conserve
their land. The diversification of production, especially with fruit, contributes to food security and to a low cost/benefit
ratio of agroforestry systems. The investigated agroforestry systems showed potential to restore the degraded landscape of
the Atlantic Rainforest biome. 相似文献
13.
Marko Lovrić Mercedes Rois-Díaz Michael den Herder Andrea Pisanelli Nataša Lovrić Paul J. Burgess 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(4):863-876
The factors that determine the implementation of four alternative agroforestry practices or no agroforestry on a theoretical 200 ha farm in Mediterranean Europe were examined using an analytic network process (ANP) model. The four agroforestry practices considered were implementation of a form of (i) high natural and cultural value agroforestry, (ii) agroforestry with high value trees, and agroforestry for (iii) arable and (iv) livestock systems. The ANP model was developed in a participatory manner through a systematic series of quantitative questionnaires and workshops with agroforestry researchers. In general, all the Mediterranean agroforestry systems were associated with high benefits and opportunities, but also with high costs and high risks. The greatest benefits were attributed to high natural and cultural value agroforestry systems, which greatly contributed to the highest priority of this system. Overall ranking of priorities for the agroforestry management alternatives show robustness in the sensitivity analysis. The “no agroforestry” land use became the preferred option when costs were given a weighting of 0.50 or greater. 相似文献
14.
农用林业研究的回顾与展望 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
农用林业作为一种可持续发展的土地利用和经营方式,其目的就在于从木本和草本植物共生、共栖的土地单元内获益;其通常的做法就是把林木以多种排列方式种植于农田和牧场。植物问的互作关系可概括为正效(互助)、负效(竞争)和零效(共存)3种;农用林业经营管理的目标可确定为高产、稳产、持续。农用林业系统相关模型的种类有描述性模型、经验性模型和预测性模型3类;模型结构包括动态过程、响应概念、组分流结构、分层理论和子模型等5种。 相似文献
15.
An empirical study was conducted of the attitudes, perceptions and preferences of owners of homegardens in Bangladesh. A wide
spectrum of opinions regarding various agroforestry issues was observed. Landholders were found to maintain their homegardens
mainly for subsistence, although some additional family income was derived from selling surplus products. Due to lack of scientific
knowledge the growing stock of homegardens was not of high quality. Seedlings were mostly preferred to other planting materials.
Mango was accorded the highest ‘preference ranking’ among the available species. The farmers expected a number of external
support measures, including high quality planting materials, assured credit facilities, and access to state-of-the-art management
knowledge. It was concluded that various perceptions, preferences and attitude of the farmers would provide a framework for
future policy formulation, preparation of homegarden management plans and development of homegardens in the study area and
more generally in Bangladesh. 相似文献
16.
Drawing on almost one hundred contemporary farmers‘ experiences, within a French agroforestry experimental network, socio-economic
and ecological approaches are combined to assess a set of agroforestry techniques. Among this network, twelve livestock farms
were selected in contrasting bioclimatic regions and classified according to land use, stock number and family situation.
Farmers were interviewed to define the primary objectives assigned to agroforestry and to build up several scenarios of agroforestry
development on their farm. A dynamic resource model was used to predict the effects of agroforestry development on crop and
timber production as well as on labour organisation and amenities. An example of simulation, comparing three agroforestry
management projects, based on new plantations at wide spacing, farm forestry and silvopastoral thinnings, is developed for
a farm in the Cévennes (southern France). The outputs of the model, related to labour requirements, stock number dynamics
and landscape diversity are discussed in relation to farmer‘s perception of the role of trees in the farm operation, and the
indirect economic benefits sought.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Agroforestry policy issues and research directions in the US and less developed countries: insights and challenges from recent experience 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
L. E. Buck 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,30(1-2):57-73
Efforts to improve the performance of agroforestry systems, and to expand the land area and number of people able to benefit from this integrative approach to agriculture and natural resource management, are constrained throughout the world by non-supportive land use policies. A growing sense of urgency that policy change is needed to enable agroforestry to flourish has contributed during the past two years to an unprecedented level of agroforestry policy assessment and planning activity.In the US, agroforestry has emerged from academia, where it has incubated since the mid-1980s, into the professional resource management arena. A multi-organizational agroforestry evaluation process has driven national policy and program formation to the forefront of the agenda of the agroforestry community, as it seeks to influence the 1995 Farm Bill. Internationally, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and collaborators fostered a sequence of policy issue identification activities as a basis for setting strategic research priorities for forestry and agroforestry.Following a brief review of forces driving agroforestry development in industrialized and less developed countries, the paper highlights recent policy assessment initiatives in each sphere. Observations on the issues driving and the priorities emerging from these processes are offered, to lend perspective to the critical challenges facing the agroforestry policy research community. An explanation for pervasive constraints and inconsistencies in policy effectiveness is then explored, from which a promising approach to research intervention is forwarded.It is argued that social scientists might influence agroforestry policy most favorably at this critical juncture, as perceptions of inter-dependence increase among different stakeholders in the policy system, by employing interventionist, actor-oriented perspectives and participatory methods to facilitate policy innovation and evaluation. The approach is consistent with participatory technology design processes that earlier helped to establish agroforestry as a prototype for sustainable development. 相似文献
18.
This paper examines how agroforestry-based farming systems evolved in the Dhanusha district of Nepal following the conversion of forest into agriculture during the early 1950s. Some data are from two focus group discussions with agroforestry farmers and one meeting with agroforestry experts. The farmers?? discussion traced the development of farming practices from 1950 to 2010 to identify the drivers of land use change. The experts?? discussion resulted in a scale to differentiate the prevailing farming systems in the study area considering five key components of agroforestry: agricultural crops, livestock, forest tree crops, fruit tree crops and vegetable crops. Data related to the system components were collected from the randomly selected households. The study reveals that land use had generally changed from very simple agriculture to agroforestry, triggered by infrastructure development, technological innovations, institutional support (subsidies and buy-back guarantees) and extension programs. A range of farming systems with varying degrees of integration was evident in the study area: simple agriculture; less integrated agroforestry; semi-integrated agroforestry and highly integrated agroforestry. The three types of agroforestry systems, which are the focus of this study, varied significantly in terms of farm size, cropping intensity, use of farm inputs, tree species diversity, tree density, home to forest distance and agricultural labour force. 相似文献
19.
Agroforestry has been suggested to produce an array of ecological and socio-economic benefits that not only reach their adopters, but society as a whole. In spite of strong evidence of the benefits of agroforestry, there is a lack of understanding of the public perceptions of those benefits, which prevents the development of benefit-based promotion strategies of agroforestry products. Thus, this study examines the awareness of these benefits among residents and explores whether perceptions vary across individuals with different socio-demographic characteristics. An on-line platform was used to survey three panels of residents from Missouri, Pennsylvania and Texas. Overall, respondents had a neutral perception of the importance of the ecological and socio-economic benefits that agroforestry farms provide to society when compared to farms employing conventional agricultural practices. These results stress the need to increase public awareness of agroforestry practices and their benefits to more strategically position their products among the final consumer. Gender, education level, and residence location were significantly associated with the perceived ecological benefits produced by agroforestry farms and to a lesser extent with the socio-economic benefits. Results also showed that females and young individuals have a greater awareness of several benefits produced by agroforestry farms. Critical marketing implications to stimulate the purchase of agroforestry products (e.g., berries, nuts) among specific groups of consumers are discussed. 相似文献
20.
In the highland ecosystems where actions by some individuals or groups often generate off-site effects among a wide range of social actors and stakeholders, the use and management of natural resources are susceptible to multiple forms of conflicts. This paper examines the hypothesis that conflicts constrain the adoption of agroforestry technologies. Using empirical data from 243 households in Kabale-Uganda, the study identified over 780 different cases of conflicts, and found positive relationships between certain types of conflicts and adoption of agroforestry technologies. The results of this paper challenge the conventional wisdom that conflicts are pervasive, and that the prevalence of conflicts is a major barrier to the adoption of NRM technologies. On the contrary, they seem to suggest that conflicts may have some positive outcomes; they provide incentives for the adoption of NRM technologies, and can be a potential force for positive social change. Conflicts are an essential feature of NRM in the highland systems and cannot therefore be ignored. What matters is the ways such conflicts are managed and resolved, and transformed into a force for positive change. We found that three dimensions of social capital (collective action, byelaws implementation and linking with local government structures) have increased the ability of communities to manage and transform conflicts into opportunities for collective action. These findings suggest new areas for further investigation to improve understanding of adoption decisions and building local capacity for scaling up the impacts of agroforestry innovations. 相似文献