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1.
Protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis have been recognised for many years as intramuscular cysts of numerous vertebrates. It is only comparatively recently that the two-host nature of the life cycle has been recognised and that the intramuscular cysts are a stage in the developmental cycle of coccidian parasites of flesh eating mammals (Fayer 1974, Fayer and Johnson 1973, 1974, Rommel and others 1972, Dubey 1976). Carnivores ingest the intramuscular cysts from herbivores and presumably from other animals too and eventually shed sporulated tetrazoic sporocysts in their faeces. The cystic stages which occur in the flesh of herbivores are probably non-pathogenic but the earlier stages in which schizonts develop in vascular endothelium may be severely pathogenic. Sarcocystis cruzi, S ovicanis and S porcifelis are known to be severely pathogenic in cattle, sheep and pigs respectively (Dubey 1976). Observations on the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp in the faeces of working farm dogs, greyhounds and foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are recorded. 相似文献
2.
Detection of turkey coronaviral enteritis (bluecomb) in field epiornithics, using the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In Minnesota, efforts have been made over the past 10 years to eliminate turkey coronaviral enteritis (TCE, bluecomb) by controlled depopulation and decontamination with a rest period before restocking. In 1973, clinical observations indicated that bluecomb was restricted to one limited area in Minnesota. Five epiornithics occurred during late 1973 and 1974, involving 5 different farms in this limited geographic area. During 1975, 3 epiornithics of TCE were investigated, involving 185,000 turkeys in 17 flocks, of which approximately 17,000 died. Naturally infected turkeys representing 7 operations between 1973 and 1976 were examined by both the direct fluorescent antibody test and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The direct fluorescent antibody test detected coronaviral antigen in intestinal tissues during the acute phase of the disease, and the IFAT was highly useful in detecting TCE serum antibodies of turkey flocks that had recovered and were potential carriers. Therefore, an IFAT surveillance program was instituted for replacement flocks on farms where clinical epiornithics of TCE had occurred in 1974 through 1976. Operation 5 involved TCE epiornithics over a 2-year period and illustrate the importance of complete depopulation with an intensive decontamination program. 相似文献
3.
H S Funnell 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1979,43(3):243-246
Records of the Toxicology Laboratory, Veterinary Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, indicate that 277 of 2,022 specimens of feedstuffs submitted between October 1, 1972 and September 30, 1978 contained one or more mycotoxins. The data indicate that zearalenone is an important mycotoxin in the provincial corn crops and that its incidence fluctuates from year to year. The percentages of specimens containing zearalenone were 16.3 (1972), 4.1 (1973), 5.5 (1974), 22.4 (1975), 9.5 (1976) and 13.0 (1977). Aflatoxins, ochratoxins and T-2 toxin were found in some specimens but their incidence was low. 相似文献
4.
D.W. Kane 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):110-113
The prevalence of subclinical Salmonella infection in sheep at slaughter was monitored at two slaughter-houses in the southern part of the North Island over a 17-month period during 1975 and 1976. The crude prevalence rate was 4.7% (96/2027). Prevalence rates were greatest in the 2 and 4-tooth age group, with maximum monthly rates of 30%and 32% during 1975 and 1976 respectively. The seasonal distribution of infections was similar in each age group, prevalence rates being greatest in March, April and May, and least in October, November and December. Salmonella typhimurium was found in 78% of the infected sheep, and phage-type 1 caused 72% of these infections. Other serotypes isolated were S. bovis-morbificans, S. derby, S. newingion, S. saintpaul, S. anatutn and S. enieritidis. The organisms were all fully sensitive to nine antibiotics. On the grounds that 87% of the infected sheep had salmonellae in their intestinal lymph nodes, it was deemed likely that most of the infected sheep harboured their infections while still on the farms of origin. 相似文献
5.
The seasonal incidence of helminth infestation in sheep on newly established irrigated pastures was determined by the slaughter of pairs of tracer lambs exposed for periods of approximately 33 days from October 1968--July 1970 and of sets of 3 lambs from March 1971--May 1973. It took several months for the infestation to become established on the pasture, but thereafter, of the various species present; Haemonchus contortus was most prevalent. In general, peak burdens of this species were recovered from January--May or June, while marked inhibition of larval development was evident from April--August. Ostertagia circumcinta usually occurred in increased numbers from April--October, and larval development was inhibited during July and August. Although the sizes of the burdens varied considerably from year to year, Trichostrongylus spp. were present mainly from April--August. Oesophagostomum columbianum, although present in the lambs slaughtered during the first 5 months of the survey, virtually disappeared until May 1971. After this it reappeared in small numbers in nearly all the sheep, reaching peak burdens during April and May 1972, and May 1973. Moniezia expansa were generally recovered from the lambs slaughtered from November--May. 相似文献
6.
A feedlot enterprise fattened 50,000 lambs from August, 1973, through May, 1974. Of those that died during that period, 96 were necropsied; of this number 27 (28%) were infected with cysticeri. The parasites produced bore channels in livers and bladder worms on viscera. Some lesions were assessable for their duration of infection. 相似文献
7.
The results of a postal survey which yielded a 57% response and which examined the incidence and cause of abortions in central Hawkes Bay flocks, is presented. Data were provided from a total of 3,952,000 ewes from 1975-80. Overall, highly significant differences in the incidence of abortion were recorded between properties (range 0-16%); years (1975-0.86%, 1976-0.75%, 1977-0.86%, 1978-2.42%, 1979-2.78%, 1980-2.04%); ewe age (maiden 2-year -5.3%, mixed age -1.6%);flock size (higher incidence in smaller flocks); and winter management systems (of the flocks which were experiencing greater than a 2% abortion rate, 73.2% were being rotationally mob stocked during the winter compared with only 23.8% being set stocked). Bacteriological examination of aborted lambs during 1979 revealed that Campylobacter spp. were involved exclusively. In the 1980 survey, only half of the lambs examined showed Campylobacter infection, the other half yielding Toxoplasma either as pure or mixed infections. The results of a trial which utilised 10,592 2-year ewes demonstrated significant differences between animals vaccinated with a killed Campylobacter vaccine and non-vaccinated controls in the following reproductive parameters: ewes aborting, dry dry ewes, total lambs born and lambs marked. 相似文献
8.
During recent years nosematosis has been a major problem in the breeding of blue fox in the Scandinavian countries, causing heavy losses among growing pups (Nordstoga 1972, Nordstoga et al. 1974). The lack of reliable methods for diagnosing the infection in live foxes has so far made epizootiologic studies of the disease very difficult. However, reports on the IFAT in rabbits with nosematosis (Cox et al. 1972, Chalupsky et al. 1971, 1973, 1974), encouraged the search for a method of detecting Nosema antibodies in fox sera. 相似文献
9.
The prevalence of larval Echinococcus granulosus in buffaloes, sheep and goats and in adult stray and shepherd dogs was studied in northern India. A total of 48.1% of 754 buffaloes, 30.5% of 1215 sheep and 21.0% of 447 goats were found to be infected with this parasite. The prevalence of infection in buffaloes was higher in older animals than in younger animals. The lungs and livers appeared to be the sites of predilection. A high percentage of cysts from buffaloes (71.1%) were sterile, whereas a high percentage (90.0%) of cysts from sheep and goats were fertile. Shepherd dogs showed a higher prevalence of infection than stray dogs and the latter examined near the vicinity of slaughter houses had a higher prevalence of infection than those examined in other parts of the city. 相似文献
10.
E T Lyons S C Tolliver J H Drudge T W Swerczek M W Crowe 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(2):315-316
From Mar 1, 1984, to Feb 28, 1985, both eyes from 189 one- to four-year-old Thoroughbreds (88 males, 90 females, and 11 geldings) in Kentucky were examined at necropsy for eyeworms. Thelazia lacrymalis was recovered from 45% of 1-year-old horses, 26% of 2-year-old horses, 45% of 3-year-old horses, and 50% of 4-year-old horses; overall, 43% of 1- to 4-year old horses were infected. Prevalence of eyeworms in horses in the present study was comparable with that in horses of similar ages examined at necropsy in Kentucky in 2 previous studies (1975 to 1976 and in 1979), except for the lower percentage of infected 2-year-old Thoroughbreds in the present study. 相似文献
11.
T W Schillhorn Van Veen 《Tropical animal health and production》1979,11(3):151-156
Outbreaks of fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) in sheep were observed on the Ahmadu Bello University farm during the end of the dry season in 1972-74 and in 1978. During 1972 especially the pregnant ewes were affected. Pre- and post-mortem exmaination of the affected sheep showed typical signs of acute fascioliasis; the number of flukes in the liver ranged between 77 and 239. The infections were acquired when the animals grazed near the man-made lake on the farm. A limited snail survey revealed the presence of Lymnaea natalensis with the highest incidence of snails as well as of larval Fasciola infections in the snails during the beginning of the dry season. There was an indication that the control measures taken after 1974, i.e. not allowing the animals to graze around the lake especially during the wet season, prevented the occurrence of outbreaks in 1975-77. 相似文献
12.
13.
A new broad-spectrum anthelmintic, uredofos, was tested in 146 dogs by single and multiple oral dosing. Single doses of 100 and 50 (but not 25) mg/kg were totally effective in removing Dipylidium caninum and Taenia spp from 46 dogs with infections of tapeworms. Among groups of 15 to 20 dogs, the average percentage efficacies against Toxocara canis for single soese of 100, 50, and 25 mg/kg were 98, 96, and 81%, respectively. The average percentage of efficacies against hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) were greater than 96% in dogs treated with single doses of 100, 50, or 25 mg/kg and were 100% in the 35 dogs given 2 or 3 treatments (24-hour intervals) at dose levels of either 25 or 50 mg/kg. The whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, was not efficaciously eliminated by single doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg (av percentage of efficacies of 30, 35, and 71%, respectively). Efficacy against T vulpis markedly improved when 2 doses were given at a 24-hour interval (av percentage of efficacies were 89% at dose level of 25 mg/kg and 99% at dose level of 50 mg/kg). At either dose (25 or 50 mg/kg), 3 daily treatments were no more efficacious against whipworms than were 2 doses. There was no evidence of drug toxicosis in any dogs tested. It was concluded that uredofos is highly effective against canine tapeworms, ascarids, and hookworms when given as a single dose of 50 mg/kg and against whipworm when given at dose level of 50 mg/kg/day for 2 days. 相似文献
14.
Tracer sheep were used to determine the temporal distribution of acquisition of F. hepatica on both irrigated and non-irrigated areas an area of northern Victoria where this parasite is endemic, for the period November 1974 to November 1976.
Throughout the study, very few flukes were acquired on the non-irrigated experimental area, and of this small number most were acquired by sheep in late spring and early summer. Flukes were acquired throughout both experimental years on the irrigated experimental area. The intensity of infection was lowest in late winter and early spring, but acquisition was substantial when measured over a year, being 483.5 in the first year and 1234.6 flukes per sheep in the second year.
The productivity of these animals was lower than that of equivalent animals kept on an area free of fluke, but quantitative interpretation of this information is confounded by the effect of the presence of an area with atypically high moisture levels (the snail habitat) on pasture production in the area grazed by the infected animals. The differences recorded are therefore likely to be underestimates of the true difference.
A suitable treatment regimen for control of liver fluke in sheep in northern Victoria is outlined. 相似文献
Throughout the study, very few flukes were acquired on the non-irrigated experimental area, and of this small number most were acquired by sheep in late spring and early summer. Flukes were acquired throughout both experimental years on the irrigated experimental area. The intensity of infection was lowest in late winter and early spring, but acquisition was substantial when measured over a year, being 483.5 in the first year and 1234.6 flukes per sheep in the second year.
The productivity of these animals was lower than that of equivalent animals kept on an area free of fluke, but quantitative interpretation of this information is confounded by the effect of the presence of an area with atypically high moisture levels (the snail habitat) on pasture production in the area grazed by the infected animals. The differences recorded are therefore likely to be underestimates of the true difference.
A suitable treatment regimen for control of liver fluke in sheep in northern Victoria is outlined. 相似文献
15.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) caused a large epizootic of acute respiratory disease in Japan in 1968—69 (Inaba et al. 1970, Inaba et al. 1972). A much smaller outbreak occurred in Switzerland (Paccaud & Jacquier 1970). In Belgium the virus has been isolated from an outbreak of respiratory disease (Wellemans et al. 1970). BRSV has later been proved an important causal agent of respiratory disorders in the same country (Wellemans & Leiinen 1975). In England and USA the virus has caused and been isolated from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in calves (Jacobs & Edington 1971, Rosenquist 1974, Smith et al. 1974). In Denmark BRSV has sporadically been isolated from pneumonic calf lungs (Bitsch et al. 1976). 相似文献
16.
W. P. BERESFORD-JONES 《The Journal of small animal practice》1981,22(1):27-29
An account is given of the prevalence of fleas obtained at post-mortem examination from dogs and cats in the Camden Town area of central London during the period 1972–1976. From a total of 193 dogs, fleas were collected from 20 2%. The following species were represented: Ctenocephalides felis felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Orchopeas howardi. Of a total of 316 cats, 56% harboured fleas, all of which were found to be Ctenocephalides felis felis. The advantages of using cadavers rather than live cats and dogs for studies of this kind are noted and comparisons are made with the findings of other authors. The public health importance of the cat and dog flea in relation to human dermatitis is discussed. 相似文献
17.
A survey of warble-infested 'fat' cattle in 57 selected livestock markets in Great Britain was carried out during June 1972 and during May each year from 1973 to 1984. The annual total number of cattle inspected varied from 41,587 to 60,481. The level of infestation increased from 22.3 per cent in 1972 to 38.0 per cent in 1976 and then declined slightly to 34.3 per cent in 1978. Following the introduction of legislation and the warble fly eradication campaign in 1978 there was a rapid decrease to 8.6 per cent infestation by 1979 and by 1984 the level was less than 0.02 per cent. 相似文献
18.
P. Keller Dr.Vet.Sci. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):221-227
Extract Feline infectious peritonitis was first described as a distinct disease entity in 1966 in the United States (Wolfe and Griesemer, 1966), although it had been observed prior to that date (Holzworth, 1963). The disease is widespread in that country (Disque et al., 1968: Hardy and O'Reilly, 1969; Ward and Pederson, 1969; Colby and Low, 1970; Colgrove and Parker, 1971) and has been recorded in Canada (Stephenson et al., 1971), England (Ingram, 1970), Ireland (Hartigan and Wilson, 1972), Japan (Konishi et at., 1971), the Netherlands (Mieog and Richter, 1971), Switzerland (Stunzi and Grevel, 1973) and most recently in Australia (Watson et al., 1974; Jones and Hogg, 1974). Two cases of feline infectious .peritonitis have, been seen in New Zealand (R. C. Gumbrell, pers. comm.). One experimental cat inoculated with peritoneal fluid from this case developed clinical signs and lesions said to be consistent with feline infectious peritonitis. 相似文献
19.
M. C. Nottle 《Australian veterinary journal》1982,58(6):256-259
SUMMARY The incidence of renal calculi in sheep was determined and the effects of season, sex and difference between left and right kidneys were considered. Examinations for calculi were made by x-ray photography and stereomicroscopy. The seasonal study extended from June 1972 to June 1973. The lowest incidence of calculi, occurred from November to February (25 to 35%) and the highest, in June 1972 (61%) and May 1973 (63%); in other months it generally ranged from 40 to 50%. These differences were highly significant (P < 0.001). The incidence of calculi greater than 2 mm diameter was 0% and 3% in January and February and, except for 18% in June 1972 values were about 8%. Subepithelial deposits ranged from 2% (April) to 25% (June 1972) about a mean of 11%. Calculi were found most frequently in the middle third of the kidney and near the fornices. Of kidneys with microcalculi (<0.05 mm diameter) visual assessment showed 64% contained silica, 29% oxalate, 15% carbonate and 5% material of undetermined nature. Differences in the incidence of calculi between ewes and wethers and between left and right kidneys were not significant and the distribution of calculi within these kidneys was similar to that in the seasonal study. These results are discussed in relation to urinary tract obstruction in grazing sheep and to possible factors affecting the retention in and movement of calculi from the kidney. 相似文献
20.
Kim CH Lee CG Yoon HC Nam HM Park CK Lee JC Kang MI Wee SH 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(3):111-115
Since the first rabies case was reported in a dog in 1907, the disease was enzootic up to 1975 in Korea. After a steady decrease in the number of rabies cases from 1976 to 1984, no case was reported for 8 years from 1985 to 1992. Then, a resurgence of the disease was noted in 1993, and a continuous increase of rabies cases was observed during the following years. This report provides information on rabies in South Korea during the reemerging period 1993-2003. A total of 364 rabies cases in five different animal species and five deaths in human beings as a result of rabies were reported. Cattle and dogs accounted for 46.4% and 40.4% of total animal cases, respectively, and raccoon dogs commanded an overwhelming majority (44/48) of rabies cases in wildlife animal species. All animal and human rabies cases occurred only in two provinces, Gyeonggi and Gangwon; majority of them in two counties of Gyeonggi and one county of Gangwon province that border the demilitarized zone. From the three counties, the disease continued to expand to the other areas of the two provinces. The average monthly frequency of animal rabies cases during the 11-year period peaked in January, and the incidence was highest during winter. There were three major rabies outbreaks in animals and the number of animal rabies cases increased with time. Data indicate that the temporal patterns were attributable to the ethology of raccoon dogs in the areas of outbreak. 相似文献