首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 968 毫秒
1.
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.  相似文献   

2.
超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探(英文)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.  相似文献   

3.
红厚壳光合特性研究(英文)   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
[Objective] The experiment aimed to research the photosynthetic characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and the relations between Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. and ecological factors.[Method] The portable photosynthesis system(Li-6400) was used to determine photosynthetic characteristics of 6-year-old Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.[Result] Both the leaf net photosynthetic rate change and diurnal variation of transpiration rate were single peak type.The relations among the leaf net photosynthetic rate of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and photosynthetically active radiation,CO2 concentration and other relevant ecological factors(including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, difference of vapour pressure and leaf temperature) were two quadratic linear relations.[Conclusion] Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. preferred strong light irradiation and high temperature environment and the experiment has provided foundations for ecological and commercial cultivations.  相似文献   

4.
In past 30 years, the wheat yield per unit area of China has increased by 79%. The super-high-yield(SH) cultivation played an important role in improving the wheat photosynthesis and yield. In order to find the ecophysiological mechanism underneath the high photosynthesis of SH cultivation, in situ diurnal changes in the photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence of field-grown wheat plants during the grain-filling stage and environmental factors were investigated. During the late grain-filling stage at 24 days after anthesis(DAA), the diurnal changes in net CO_2 assimilation rate were higher under SH treatment than under high-yield(H) treatment. From 8 to 24 DAA, the actual quantum yield of photosystem II(PSII) electron transport in the light-adapted state(ΦPSII) in the flag leaves at noon under SH treatment were significantly higher than those under H treatment. The leaf temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture were better suited for higher rates of leaf photosynthesis under SH treatment than those under H treatment at noon. Such diurnal changes in environmental factors in wheat fields could be one of the mechanisms for the higher biomass and yield under SH cultivation than those under H cultivation. ΦPSII and CO_2 exchange rate in wheat flag leaves under SH and H treatments had a linear correlation which could provide new insight to evaluate the wheat photosynthesis performance under different conditions.  相似文献   

5.
Photosynthesis and carbohydrate storage and remobilization was investigated during grain filling of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Lumai 22) in sulphur application experiments where the available sulphur (S) content in the soil of 0-20 cm soil layer was 5.84 mg kg^-1. Two levels of S were applied as S0 (0 kg S ha^-1) and S1 (67.5 kg S ha^-1). The results showed that net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of S1 treatment was significantly higher than S0 treatment, and it increased gradually from anthesis to 35 DAA. Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and sucrose content of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. The contents of total soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, DP3 and DP≥4 fructan in stem and sheath of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment also. The amount of total soluble sugar and fructans remobilization from stem and sheath and the starch accumulating rate in grain of S1 treatment was significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. It is suggested that sulphur application increase photosynthate remobilization from stem and sheath to grain at later filling stage.  相似文献   

6.
The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass（DM） and nitrogen（N） in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation（DF）, spike shading（SS） and half spikelets removal（SR） were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate（Pn） of flag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no significant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the Pn of flag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.  相似文献   

7.
Using 15 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, some ideal plant type characteristics in heavy panicle type of hybrid rice （HPT） and their relation to yield and its components were studied. Results showed that the leaf area index （LAI） of the HPT varieties was lower than that of medium panicle type （MPT） and light panicle type （LPT） varieties, but its decreasing rate of LAI and efficient LAI after heading was slower and had much higher percentage of efficient LAI, specific leaf weight, and ratio of grain to leaf area （cm^2） in comparison with the MPT and the LPT varieties. The length, width, thickness, and area of top three leaves of the HPT varieties were significantly larger than those of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and these components of top three leaves were significantly and positively correlated with the number of spikelets and filled grains, grain weight per panicle, and grain yield. The flag leaf in HPT varieties was erect with sorrow leaf angle, and their leaf angle of 2nd and 3rd leaf from top increased in sequence. The plant height of the HPT varieties was higher than that of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and their leaf site of top three leaves also increased in sequence. Therefore, HPT varieties as an ideal plant type could increase the utilization efficiency of sunlight energy. The ideal plant type characteristics and their adjuncts for the HPT varieties are proposed in this article.  相似文献   

8.
[Objective] The research aimed to compare the photosynthetic rates and growth conditions of four types of Atractylodes Lancea(Thunb.)DC..[Method] A.Lancea was divided into four types:the saw-tooth-leaf,the ellipse-leaf,the long-ellipse-leaf as well as the sharp-leaf,according to leaf morphology.The photosynthetic rates of four types of A.Lancea were determined by the portable photosynthetic instrument LI-6400 in natural environment.The parameters such as stem width,stem height,leaf area of single plant of aboveground parts were measured periodically.[Result] The photosynthetic rates of four types of A.Lancea were:the saw-tooth-leaf 20.2 μmol/(m2·s),the ellipse-leaf 18.96 μmol/(m2·s),the long-ellipse-leaf 15.6 μmol/(m2·s)and the sharp-leaf 17.6 μmol/(m2·s),respectively.The photosynthetic rate of the saw-tooth-leaf was higher than the other three types.The growth rate of the saw-tooth-leaf was the highest in the four types at 0.01 level.[Conclusion] The research provided certain theoretic basis for further research on A.Lancea.  相似文献   

9.
花期干旱胁迫对籼稻近等基因系水分和光合生理的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【Objective】An indica near-isogenic rice lines were treated with drought stress at flowering stage to study water and photosynthetic physiology changes of flag leaf. By analyzing the relationships among agronomic phenotype characters, water and photosynthetic physiology changes and fertility of rice, the authors try to accumulate data for drought tolerance evaluation of rice.【Method】The rice materials were suffered with drought stress begin from heading of main shoot for 15 days, water and photosynthetic physiology parameters were measured after treatment.【Result】The results showed that the indica near-isogenic rice represented various drought tolerance, and there was no correlation between drought tolerance and agronomic phenotype characters, neither with physiological activities of rice under well watered condition. However, under drought stress at flowering stage, the correlation coefficient between drought resistance indexes and changes of water content of flag leaf, water potential of flag leaf, stomatal conductance of flag leaf were 0.614**, 0.514** and 0.541**, respectively. This indicates that rice drought tolerance has a correlation with changes of water content, water potential and stomatal conductance. In addition, except the correlation coefficient between drought resistance indexes and changes of Fv/Fm of flag leaf (0.470*), there was no correlation between rice drought tolerance and photosynthetic physiology.【Conclusion】In summery, the changes of water physiology parameters could be used as indicators for screening rice with drought tolerance.  相似文献   

10.
The mechanism of high yield of winter wheat in the field at late growth period was investigated by measuring the photosynthetic characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ） and xanthophylls cycle, which could provide physiological reference for breeding. Weimai 8 （W8）, a super high yield cultivar, and Lumai 14 （L14）, a control cultivar were object. The photosynthetic rate （Pn）, parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content were measured. The Pn, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII （Fv/Fm）, quantum yield of PSII electron transport （ΦPSⅡ）, efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers （Fv＇/Fm＇）, and photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） were higher in Weimai 8 compared to that in Lumai 14, a commercial high yield cultivar. Furthermore, Weirnai 8 showed a lower non- photochemical quenching coefficient and a lower de-epoxidized ratio of the xanthophyll cycle pigments than of Lumai 14 at late growth period. At mature stage, chlorophyll content of different leaves decreased both in Weimai 8 and Lumai 14. Chlorophyll content in flag, second and third leaf from the top of plant decreased more in Lumai 14 than in Weimai 8. These results suggested that Weimai 8 had more antenna pigments to absorb light energy, and had higher photosynthetic capability and photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ. The yield of Weimai 8 was also higher than that of Lumai 14.  相似文献   

11.
[目的]通过比较超级稻P88S/0389与其亲本P88S和R0389剑叶的光合特性,探索P88S/0389高产的光合机理。[方法]采用W ellburn和Lichenthaler的方法测定剑叶叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,并使用便携式光合测定仪测定光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数。[结果]杂交种的叶绿素含量居于双亲之间,生育期前期偏母本而后期偏父本;同时,杂交种有较强的光能吸收、转化和碳固定能力,其剑叶的净光合速率(Pn)、PSⅡ活性(FV/FO)和PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(FV/Fm)、叶绿素荧光光化学猝灭系数(qP)等参数均高于亲本,且下降速率都比亲本慢,非光化学猝灭(qN)较亲本低,上升速率也比亲本慢,表现出不易早衰等超亲优势。[结论]杂交种P88S/0389吸收的光能主要用于光化学反应,热耗散较少。在水稻生产中,选择同时具有较高光合速率和较长的光合速率高值持续期的品种对水稻的高产尤为重要。  相似文献   

12.
[目的]实现小麦优质高产节水省肥提供科学合理的水氮运筹模式。[方法]在大田条件下,研究灌水次数及施N时期对小麦旗叶Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响。[结果]灌水次数对旗叶Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP、qN及产量的影响均达到显著或极显著水平,且不灌水与灌水处理间差异较大;N肥全部基施与返青期追施（40%）处理间旗叶的Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN差异不大,但2个处理的光合参数与产量均明显低于拔节期或孕穗期追施（40%）处理。[结论]灌水次数与施N方式对Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量性状的调控存在显著的互作效应,其中以W2N4处理组合效果最好。  相似文献   

13.
[目的]研究高温胁迫对水稻（Oryza satva L.）拔节期净光合速率、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响。[方法]供试水稻品种为江苏省镇江市常用品种镇稻6号。温度具体设定（一天按24 h计）如下：10：00为36℃,11：00为38℃,12：00为39℃1,3：00为40℃1,4：00为38℃,15：00为35℃。[结果]与对照组相比,高温胁迫下水稻的净光合速率、相对叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光主要参数（Fm和Fv/Fm）均明显降低,并且随着胁迫温度的升高及胁迫时间的延长,下降幅度也逐步增大。[结论]高温显著降低了PSⅡ的Fv/Fm和Fm,说明高温抑制了光合碳代谢的电子供应,这与水稻叶片的净光合速率以及相对叶绿素含量指标变化情况相一致。  相似文献   

14.
水稻花后颖壳和果皮光合特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
陈娟 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(13):5897-5900
[目的]研究水稻颖壳和果皮叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律,探讨水稻颖壳和果皮的光合功能。[方法]以扬稻6号为试验材料,测定了颖果发育过程中颖壳和果皮叶绿素含量、光合速率以及荧光参数的变化情况。[结果]颖壳和果皮也具有叶绿素荧光特性,但它的Fv／Fm值不如正常叶片中Fv/Fm值高;叶绿素荧光各项参数的变化表明,叶绿体的PSⅡ的结构随着颖壳和果皮的发育进程和衰老不断受到损害,使Fv／Fm、qP、ФPSⅡ和NPQ下降;随着颖果发育天数的增加,颖壳和颖果叶绿素含量先上升,然后下降;光合速率的变化趋势与叶绿素含量的变化趋势相一致。[结论]水稻果皮具有光合功能,颖壳和果皮光合能力的强弱与颖果的发育状况相适应,颖壳和果皮的叶绿素含量和光合能力可以作为颖果成熟度的一个指标。  相似文献   

15.
不同水稻品种各层叶片光合能力的比较   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17  
以亚种间两系组合培矮 6 4S/E32、培矮 6 4S/ 9311、X0 7S/紫徽 10 0及三系杂交组合冈优 881、汕优 6 3和中粳 95 16为材料 ,研究水稻不同生育期单株的叶面积和 2 2 5m2 小区的叶面积系数、不同叶层的光合速率和叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光特性 (叶绿体PSⅡ的原初光化学效率Fv/Fm、光化学猝灭参数 qP和非光化学猝灭参数qN)等的变化 ,分析上述水稻品种的群体冠层结构 ,截光特点以及不同叶层的光合生理特性。结果表明 ,参试的 6个高产水稻品种 (组合 )的冠层结构均具有分层的特点 ,形成了分层的群体光合作用特性 :上层为光合速率限制区、中层为光能截获限制区、下层为光合速率和光能截获双限区 ,但与汕优 6 3相比 ,除培矮 6 4S/E32的株型显著改善 ,类似于粳稻的冠层结构外 ,其他两系或三系杂交稻的冠层结构改善不大  相似文献   

16.
[目的]为实现小麦优质高产节水省肥提供科学合理的水氮运筹模式。[方法]在大田条件下,研究灌水次数及施N时期对小麦旗叶Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响。[结果]灌水次数对旗叶Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP、qN及产量的影响均达到显著或极显著水平,且不灌水与灌水处理间差异较大;N肥全部基施与返青期追施（40%）处理间旗叶的Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN差异不大,但2个处理的光合参数与产量均明显低于拔节期或孕穗期追施（40%）处理。[结论]灌水次数与施N方式对Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量性状的调控存在显著的互作效应,其中以W2N4处理组合效果最好。  相似文献   

17.
[目的]研究干旱对苹果属植物砧木荧光参数的影响。[方法]以1年生抗旱能力较强的八棱海棠和抗旱性较弱的平邑甜茶实生幼苗为试验材料,采用营养液水培法培养幼苗,用20%聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟干旱胁迫,对这2种幼苗根系进行处理。[结果]在干旱胁迫下,2个苹果属植物品种叶绿素荧光动力学曲线发生了明显变化,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,八棱海棠和平邑甜茶的Yield、ETR、Fv/Fm、qP均下降,且随着水分胁迫的加强,降低越明显,F0上升,qN先上升后下降,但八棱海棠F0上升幅度比平邑甜茶小,而qN上升幅度比平邑甜茶大,说明八棱海棠PSⅡ抵御干旱的能力比平邑甜茶强。[结论]干旱胁迫不仅直接引发苹果属植物光合结构的变化,而且也影响光合电子的传递。  相似文献   

18.
[目的]研究植物生长调节剂对水稻光合速率的影响,为提高稻株剑叶光合速率,延缓叶片衰老提供科学依据。[方法]在水稻孕穗期和抽穗期叶面喷施不同植物生长调节剂,分别于始穗期及始穗期后6、12 d测定水稻剑叶净光合速率、叶面积指数（LAI）和叶绿素含量（SPAD）。[结果]不同的植物生长调节剂对水稻剑叶光合速率的影响是不同的。孕穗期和始穗期喷施50 mg/L NAA-Na、20 mg/L吲哚乙酸、30 mg/L赤霉素、10 mg/L6-BA和2.1 ml/L美洲星,可以提高供试水稻的剑叶光合速率,有效延缓后期衰老;而喷施20%三唑酮或3 g/L磷酸二氢钾＋17 g/L尿素降低供试水稻剑叶的光合速率。[结论]喷施合适的植物生长调节剂（如NAA-Na、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素和6-BA）可提高稻株剑叶光合速率,延缓叶片衰老,利于水稻的高产、稳产。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号