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1.
T. Hoshino  H. Seko 《Euphytica》1996,89(2):215-221
Summary Wheat breeding efforts for a half century in Japan were investigated by using of 129 varieties registered in MAFF from 1929 to 1984 in the view point of case history for three years. Varieties released in each breeding station are classified apparently by growth habit associated closely with duration of the cold requirement. Heading date is earlier in varieties released in southwest breeding stations (southern varieties) than in varieties released in northern breeding stations (northern varieties). Culm length is higher and the pre-harvest sprouting is more sensitive in northern varieties. In quality characters, northern varieties has the higher milling rate, lower apparent amylose content and larger particle size of flour. In varieties released in the Tohoku district, trend of breeding direction with time is smaller ear numbers and larger 1,000-grain weight and greater resistance to powdery mildew. In varieties released in the Kyushu district, a significant correlation with released year was clearly observed with regard to early maturity, short culm length, less grain crude protein content, less apparent amylose content and higher milling rate on breeding advancement.  相似文献   

2.
Amylose content is one of the most important factors influencing the physical and chemical properties of starch in rice. Analysis of 352 Vietnamese rice cultivars revealed a wide range of variation in apparent amylose content and the expression level of granule-bound starch synthase. On the basis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the splicing donor site of the first intron and in the coding region of the granule-bound starch synthase I gene, Waxy gene, alleles can be classified into seven groups that reflect differences in apparent amylose content. The very low and low apparent amylose content levels were tightly associated with a G to T in the first intron whereas intermediate and high amylose was associated with a T genotype at SNP in exon 10. The correlation between the combination of T genotype at SNP in the first intron, C in exon 6, or C in exon 10 was predominant among low amylose rice varieties. Our analysis confirmed the existence of Wxop allele in Vietnamese rice germplasm. The results of this study suggest that the low amylose properties of Vietnamese local rice germplasm are attributable to spontaneous mutations at exons, and not at the splicing donor site.  相似文献   

3.
The effect of temperature during grain filling on eating and cooking quality of early-season indica rice was investigated by using four cultivars with different amylose content. Starting from flowering stage until maturity, the plants of all cultivars were subjected to two temperature treatments, referred as optimum (mean daily air temperature, 22 °C) and high (32 °C) temperature regimes. The results showed that the effect of high temperature on apparent amylose content and gel consistency in milled rice was cultivar-dependent. Under high temperature, amylose content increased for cv. Jiayu353 and remained little changed for cv. Guangluai4, which had intrinsically higher amylose content, and decreased for cv. Zhefu49 and cv. Jiazao935, which had lower amylose content. By contrast, high temperature reduced or kept stable gel consistency values for cultivars with higher amylose content and increased gel consistency values for those with lower amylose content. Moreover, high temperature significantly increased the gelatinization temperature of all cultivars. Pasting profiles and X-ray diffraction pattern of rice were also affected by temperature. The results suggest that high temperature during grain filling change the component and crystalline structure of starch and result in deterioration of eating and cooking quality for early-season indica rice.  相似文献   

4.
The amount of long chains (LC) of amylopectin in high-amylose rice is thought to be one of the important determinants of its quality when cooked. A wide range of differences in LC content have been reported in rice varieties, which can be clearly divided into four classes based on LC and apparent amylose content: namely, amylose and LC-free, low or medium-amylose and low-LC, high-amylose and medium-LC, high-amylose and high-LC. However, genetic factors controlling LC content have not been fully understood. Here, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of LC content using 157 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of a low-LC cultivar, Hyogokitanishiki, and a high-LC line, Hokuriku 142. By analyzing randomly selected 15 RILs, it was shown that high LC content (≥11%) was associated with high setback viscosity (≥200 RVU), and that low LC (≤ 3%) was associated with low setback viscosity (≤ 130 RVU), as measured by a Rapid Visco Analyzer. With setback viscosity as an indicator for LC content, QTL analysis was conducted using 60 DNA markers including a CAPS marker that distinguished Wx a and Wx b alleles coding for granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI or Wx protein), the enzyme working for amylose biosynthesis. Only one QTL with a peak log of likelihood score at the wx locus was detected, and no line showing setback viscosity corresponding to the medium-LC class appeared. The fact that wx mutants of Hokuriku 142 lacked LC in their rice starch supports the view that the functional Wx allele is indispensable for LC synthesis in addition to amylose synthesis in rice endosperm. We suggest three possible reasons why no line with medium-LC content was observed. First, the locus (loci) responsible for generation of medium-LC may be located very close to the wx locus and not able to be dissected by the population and DNA markers we used. Second, there may be special QTLs for medium-LC cultivars that do not exist in low- or high-LC cultivars. Third, medium-LC cultivars may have an as-yet unidentified Wx allele with lower capability in LC synthesis compared to the Wx allele in high-LC cultivars.  相似文献   

5.
利用重离子辐照‘武运粳7号’创建农艺性状突变体库,用化学方法筛选直链淀粉、蛋白质突变材料,并研究籽粒品质性状与农艺性状的相关性。研究结果显示：202份‘武运粳7号’突变体的直链淀粉含量变幅范围是11.50%~21.70%,其中高含量直链淀粉突变体材料有23份,低含量直链淀粉突变体材料有29份;蛋白质含量变幅范围是7.91%~13.97%,其中高蛋白突变体有29份,低蛋白突变体有24份。进一步在品质性状与农艺性状之间进行相关性分析和主成分分析,相关性分析结果表明：蛋白质含量和每穗实粒数、株高、结实率、千粒重、穗长都呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.540、-0.593、-0.387、-0.581、-0.563;直链淀粉含量和单穗长呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.294。在主成分分析中将6个农艺性状综合为3个主成分,累积贡献率达89.118%。‘武运粳7号’直链淀粉、蛋白质突变系的获得可为品质性状相关合成途径以及基因调控研究提供基础材料,也为品质育种提供选择依据。  相似文献   

6.
我国水稻品种的蛋白质含量及与米质的相关性研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
研究了5 323份稻谷样品（籼稻谷3 805份、粳稻谷1 518份）的蛋白质含量的分布特点、类别比例及与稻米品质的关系。结果表明，我国当前生产上应用的水稻品种的蛋白质含量呈单峰曲线分布，虽覆盖6.0%~15.7%的宽广范围，但主要分布于8.0%~11.0%；籼稻与粳稻蛋白质含量的分布曲线有所差别。约73%的水稻品种具中等蛋白质含量，高、低蛋白的品种分别占14%和13%；其中高蛋白籼稻品种的比例是粳稻的6倍，而低蛋白籼稻品种仅为粳稻的1/3。蛋白质含量对稻米的垩白度、透明度及直链淀粉含量等品质指标有负面影响，因而高蛋白品种的优质率显著低于中等及低蛋白的品种。本文还对稻谷、谷壳、糙米和精米等不同形态样品的蛋白质含量作了比较，并进行了相关和回归分析。  相似文献   

7.
为阐明寒地粳稻碾磨品质和食味品质性状间的相互关系，以337份高世代纯合品系材料为对象，对其11个品质指标进行相关、主成分和聚类分析，构建准确可行的稻米品质评价回归方程。结果表明，糙米率、精米率和整精米率间呈显著正相关，食味评分与蛋白质和直链淀粉含量均存在相关关系。在主成分分析中，累计方差贡献率80%以上的主成分共4个，综合得分排名前5的水稻品系分别为J139、J201、J141、J204和J138。以食味评分为因变量，糙米率、精米率、蛋白质含量、含水量和直链淀粉含量为自变量得到回归方程。这些研究手段及回归方程可用于快速、准确分析新品系稻米品质，比较品系间差异。  相似文献   

8.
To characterize superior genotypes for the white Japanese noodle, endosperm starch properties including amylose content, flour peak viscosity and starch-granule bound Waxy (Wx) proteins were compared using several cultivars preferred for noodle manufacture. Amylose contents from three seasons trials and flour peak viscosity from two seasons trials varied among cultivars. Low amylose content was a common property in the noodle cultivars, whereas a high peak viscosity was not always the case. When the Wx proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a clear reduction in the amount of low molecular weight protein or a lack of the high molecular weight protein occurred in the noodle cultivars. Segregation of Wx proteins was detectable in a B1F1 population, indicating that the Wx protein analysis has a potential as a surrogate of selecting low amylose genotypes in early generations.  相似文献   

9.
依据地理来源和直链淀粉含量将87份供试粳稻品种(系)划分为江苏普通粳稻、东北粳稻和江苏半糯粳稻3种类型,系统比较了稻米理化性状及淀粉合成主效基因Wx和OsSSIIa序列的差异,以探究其食味品质特征及其形成的分子基础。与东北粳稻相比,江苏普通粳稻的直链淀粉含量偏低,蛋白质含量和糊化温度偏高,而胶稠度和RVA谱特征值相当。与江苏普通粳稻和东北粳稻相比,江苏半糯粳稻具有较低的直链淀粉含量、较大的胶稠度及独特的RVA谱特征。大多数性状变异系数在3种类型粳稻中均较小,仅消减值变异系数较大,说明品种(系)间的稻米回生性存在较大差异而其他性状较为一致。各性状间的相关性在3种类型粳稻中表现不尽相同,说明地理来源和品种特性影响食味品质性状间的相关程度。聚类分析将87份粳稻分为4个类群,江苏普通粳稻与东北粳稻主要分布于类群I和II,且品种间相互交错;类群III由2个江苏普通粳稻品系和1个江苏半糯粳稻(徐稻9号)组成,多数性状值位于普通粳稻与半糯粳稻之间;类群IV中均为江苏半糯粳稻。序列分析表明江苏普通粳稻和东北粳稻中Wxb基因无序列差异,而江苏半糯粳稻在Wxb第4外显子上发生G/A替换,属Wxmp等位基因型;江苏省部分粳稻品种(系)携带OsSSIIa(G-GC)等位基因,从而导致高糊化温度。  相似文献   

10.
四川不同生态区高产栽培条件下的杂交籼稻的稻米品质   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
田青兰  李培程  刘利  张强  任万军 《作物学报》2015,41(8):1257-1268
郫县、汉源、射洪、邻水是四川具代表性的4个生态区,郫县位于成都平原区,土壤肥沃但受弱光限制;汉源位于攀西高海拔地区,温光充足;射洪位于川中丘陵区,受地形制约而气温日差较小;邻水则位于川东丘陵区,水资源缺乏且受干旱等灾害制约。本文以位于这4个典型生态区实施的水稻高产示范片为研究对象,分别对4个生态区及各生态区不同栽培方式、不同高产水平的杂交籼稻稻米碾米品质、外观品质、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量及淀粉RVA谱特征值进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)生态条件与稻米品质有密切关系,受气温和土壤肥力影响较大,郫县的稻米品质最优,邻水相对较劣;齐穗前后气温略高及较高的土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷含量有利于高碾米品质的形成;土壤全磷含量的降低可显著增加米粒长宽比;灌浆成熟期的高温会增加稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度,而土壤速效磷含量高则有利于降低垩白粒率和垩白度;灌浆结实期的高温也会降低稻米蛋白质含量;直链淀粉含量随土壤有机质含量的升高而升高;峰值黏度与土壤全钾含量显著负相关,崩解值与土壤全钾、速效磷显著负相关,还与齐穗前8~21 d的日最高气温显著正相关,回复值、峰值时间与齐穗前14~21 d日最高气温、抽穗至成熟期日最高气温呈显著或极显著负相关,与土壤碱解氮呈显著正相关。(2)各栽培方式间,机直播的碾米品质较优,优化定抛的直链淀粉含量较高,而机插的峰值黏度、崩解值较高,消减值较低,蒸煮食味品质较好。(3)高产及超高产田块的碾米品质整体较优,而外观品质和蒸煮食味品质相对较差。本研究可为四川杂交中籼稻高产优质栽培技术提供理论参考。  相似文献   

11.
为研究贵州地方稻种资源中水稻食味品质与Wx基因型的相关性,利用特异引物对88份贵州地方稻种Wx基因进行糯/非糯基因型分析及多样性鉴定。结果表明：66份材料为WxⅠ型糯稻基因型,该型品种包含了59份贵州禾类资源;15份材料为WxⅡ型,其中包含11份贵州禾类资源;7份材料为WxⅢ型,其中包含1份贵州禾类资源。贵州禾类资源(CT)n以n=18或20两种类型为主,第一内含子+1位均为T,（AATT）n为5。表明贵州禾类资源以低直链含量品种为主,这与当地居民的饮食习惯密切相关。WxⅡ型禾类资源虽然是非糯品种,但由于CT重复在16个重复以上,第一内含子+1位为T,直链淀粉含量介于Wx I型和WxⅢ型间,可作为水稻育种的优异材料。本研究为对贵州禾资源的进一步利用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

12.
The physicochemical properties of five rice cultivars (Hwayoungbyeo, Goamibyeo, Yoosojung, LGC-soft, and Manmibyeo), varying in amylose content, were investigated. Morphological properties differ among cultivars depending on the amylose content of starch. High amino acid content was found in LGC-soft and Manmibyeo (low-amylose rice) while Goamibyeo (high-amylose rice) exhibited high mineral and sugar content. No substantial difference in fatty acid composition was observed among cultivars. LGC-soft and Manmibyeo showed faster hydrolysis rate, low pasting temperature, and higher peak and breakdown viscosities than that of the other cultivars. This study illustrates the wide variation in the physicochemical properties of the rice cultivars analyzed. The results could serve as baseline information for plant breeders and assist food processors in quality evaluation of rice with specific characteristics suitable for specialty food processing.  相似文献   

13.
Greater variability in starch properties is found in lower ploidy wheats than in commercial hexaploid wheats. This paper reports on the starch properties and variability in granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) loci of 17 diploid (Aegilops tauschii) and 12 tetraploid (durums) potential progenitors of wheat, compared with 29 synthetic hexaploid wheats produced from such progenitors. Starch properties examined were granule size distribution, swelling power, amylose content, gelatinisation and amylose-lipid dissociation properties. A PCR screening method was able to detect the presence or absence of each of the three GBSS genes. It also detected polymorphisms in eight diploids and nine hexaploids, all displaying the same 25 bases deletion in the D genome allele of GBSS. Two tetraploids and five hexaploids were null 4A for GBSS. There was little difference in the amylose contents and amylose-lipid dissociation peak temperatures of the synthetic hexaploids and the lower ploidy wheats. The synthetic hexaploids showed intermediate swelling power values with the durums giving the highest swelling powers. The durums also had higher B granule contents than the A. tauschii accessions, but not as high as the synthetics. However, the A. tauschii samples gave the highest gelatinisation peak temperatures. The presence of the null 4A mutation was positively correlated with swelling power, amylose content and DSC measurements. The new smaller D genome allele of GBSS was associated with slightly higher swelling power. These results confirm the value of wheat progenitor lines as sources of new starch properties for hexaploid wheat. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

14.
吕彬 《中国农学通报》2007,23(8):130-130
以近几年主栽的水稻品种为试材,采取相关统计分析和对比试验等方法,研究了水稻品种对早粳稻米品质的影响,旨在为寒地稻作区优质米品种的选育和高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。研究取得如下主要结果：（1）不同熟期碾米品质的3项指标中,糙米率的平均值分别为83.1%、82.9%、83.1%、83.0%;精米率的平均值分别为71.9%、71.9%、72.0%、73.0%。不同品种的糙米率,不同熟期间差异很小,晚熟品种的精米率略高于早熟和中熟品种,品种间表现有差异。不同熟期的整精米率的平均值分别为61.7%、61.7%、66.5%、67.2%,晚熟品种比早熟和中熟品种高,品种间差异较大。早熟和中熟品种的整精米率变异系数较晚熟品种增加1.2个百分点,说明品种间差异较大。稻米垩白米率与胶稠度（0.0566）呈正相关,这一点与（李雅娟,1995）的研究结果一致。垩白米率与精米率（-0.4827）呈显著负相关,因此,在育种上筛选垩白米率低的种质资源是关键。（2）直链淀粉含量是影响稻米食味品质的最重要指标之一,很多研究认为,直链淀粉含量偏高影响稻米食味品质（佐佐木忠雄,等．1982）。关于直链淀粉含量姬田正美（1996）研究认为,直链淀粉含量越高,稻米食味越差。本研究结果直链淀粉含量一般在16.67%~22.40%,平均含量为18.8%,品种间差异较大。直链淀粉含量与蛋白质含量（-0.8207）呈极显著负相关。  相似文献   

15.
Spikelet sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) induced by high temperatures is a major concern given global warming predictions. We studied differences among eight rice cultivars in spikelet fertility at five different temperature levels in temperature gradient chamber (TGC) experiments. Six japonica and two indica cultivars were exposed to high‐temperature gradients in TGCs during the 2005 flowering season. Spikelet sterility increased with temperature in TGCs and differed among cultivars because of both variations in temperature tolerance and timing of heading. The correlation between spikelet fertility of individual panicles and both air temperature and panicle temperature during flowering was analyzed to compare tolerances among cultivars. The temperature (T75) at which spikelet fertility was 75 % of maximum ranged from 34 to 39 °C air temperature and differed significantly among cultivars. Indica varieties had higher T75 values than japonica varieties. The T75 values based on panicle temperature also differed among cultivars, but the difference between indica and japonica varieties were less significant. We concluded that the higher temperature tolerances of indica cultivars in our experiments could be attributed to lower spikelet temperatures, and cultivars with similar spikelet temperatures still had different heat tolerances due to differences in pollination ability.  相似文献   

16.
浙江省早籼稻近期区试品种（系）蒸煮品质研究   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：11  
对水稻区试中多品种(系)、多年、非平衡、无重复分析值的蒸煮品质性状数据,用作者提出的统计方法作了分析。分析结果表明,“八五”期间参试的早籼稻品种(系)蒸煮品质较“七五”参试品种有所改善,高直链淀粉含量的参试品种极显著减少,低直链淀粉含量的参试品种极显著增加;软胶稠度的品种极显著增加,硬胶稠度的品种极显著减少。但多数参试品种胶稠度仍偏硬,综合蒸煮品质不佳。各蒸煮品质性状均以品种效应为主,其次是品种×年份互作效应。蒸煮品质性状的提高,首先应注意品种(系)的主效。各蒸煮品质间有极显著的相关关系,其中直链淀粉与胶稠度的负相关最明显,其次为直链淀粉与糊化温度的负相关。为克服性状相关引起的早籼稻优质育种的难度,应抓好直链淀粉与胶稠度这一主要矛盾并应广泛筛选育种种质资源。  相似文献   

17.
辽宁滨海稻区水稻新品系品质性状分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了研究辽宁滨海稻区水稻新品系品质特性,以期为优质水稻新品种选育提供参考。以30份粳稻新品系为试材,对新品系稻米品质性状进行评价及相关分析。结果表明：新品系碾磨品质中的糙米率和整精米率的平均值分别达到国家2级优质米标准和国家1级优质米标准,垩白粒率和垩白度变异系数较大,分别为50.44%和52.34%;品质性状间存在显著或极显著的相关性,胶稠度和碱消值与食味值呈显著正相关(r=0.660,r=0.586),直链淀粉含量与食味值呈极显著负相关(r=-0.849)。因此,在今后的选育优质水稻新品种过程中,应注意降低垩白率、垩白度和适当降低直链淀粉含量,并兼顾其他品系的改良。  相似文献   

18.
引进水稻品种(系)的产量、品质及RVA特性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
对引进的5个水稻品种(系)进行了产量、品质及RVA特性研究,并对稻米的直链淀粉含量、RVA特征值及食味特性进行了相关分析,结果表明,稻米的直链淀粉含量与最高粘度呈极显著负相关,与消减值呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为r=-0.927和r=0.710,最高粘度与食味值呈显著正相关,相关系数为r=0.689。综合5个引进品种(系)产量、品质及RVA特性分析的结果可以看出：津稻1007增产最多(增产约58%),但食味品质最差;津原E28增产较多,食味品质与对照品种相当;津原45和津原43增产较多,食味品质稍逊于对照品种;津川1号有一定程度减产,但食味品质与对照品种相当,可作为优质稻育种中间材料加以利用。  相似文献   

19.
不同小麦品种籽粒淀粉组分及相关酶活性的差异   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  
根据小麦成熟期籽粒淀粉组分的差异,用聚类分析的方法,将籽粒总淀粉含量相近、直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量存在差异的9个小麦品种分为3组：低直链淀粉组、中直链淀粉组和高直链淀粉组。研究籽粒灌浆过程中,直链淀粉与支链淀粉比值（直/支比值）的变化动态、淀粉合成相关酶活性的变化动态及其与淀粉组分积累的关系。结果表明：  相似文献   

20.
籼粳稻杂交对中国东北粳稻品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
从系谱分析,中国东北粳稻改良品种大多是籼粳稻杂交育成的,以生产上推广的中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻为试材,利用籼粳特异性InDel与SSILP标记分析籼稻血缘相对含量,以程氏指数法比较形态分化差异,同时测定10项主要稻米品质性状,分析籼稻血缘、形态分化与品质性状的关系。结果表明,中国东北粳稻在保持粳型遗传背景的同时引入了较多的籼型血缘,籼型位点频率平均为4.71%,显著高于日本粳稻的0.30%。中国东北粳稻12条染色体籼型位点频率差异很大,第5、第6、第10和第11染色体超过5%,最高的第5染色体达到9.83%,最低的第7染色体只有0.59%。籼型位点频率为辽宁(6.17%)>吉林(3.92%)>黑龙江(3.44%),辽宁显著高于吉林和黑龙江,而吉林与黑龙江差异不显著。程氏指数法分别将中国东北粳稻和日本粳稻判别为偏粳类型和粳型,穗颈维管束性状也有明显差异。日本粳稻碾磨品质明显优于中国东北粳稻。程氏指数与碾磨品质呈极显著正相关。籼型位点频率与碾磨品质和食味值呈极显著或显著的负相关,与垩白粒率呈极显著正相关,黑龙江品种垩白粒率和垩白度低是中国东北粳稻垩白性状总体低于日本粳稻的主要原因。  相似文献   

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