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1.
糯小麦矮源新种质 11-805矮秆性状遗传研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
11-805是绵阳市农科院新创制的糯小麦矮源种质,为了深入了解新创种质糯小麦矮源11-805的矮秆性状遗传规律,试验对11-805的矮秆遗传特性进行了较为系统的研究。用11-805与高秆亲本‘绵麦37’、‘绵麦43’和‘绵麦1618’杂交,从正反杂种F1代株高表现可知,其F1代株高介于高亲值与中亲值之间,且D为负值,说明11-805的矮秆特性主要受隐性矮秆基因控制;3个群体F2代株高分离出矮秆、半矮秆、高秆3个类型,其比例均为1：2：1,同时有超亲分离存在。结果表明,11-805的矮秆性状是由1对隐性基因控制,并受一些微效基因的影响。正反交F1代平均株高降幅为16.07%和15.67%,可以表明矮秆糯小麦11-805具有明显降低株高的特性。 相似文献
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矮兰麦属于圆锥小麦(T. turgidum),原产于我国四川省进宁一带。秆矮,株高75—85厘米,与圆锥小麦的其它变种不同,金善宝定名为T. turgidum var. hnmilicum King。研究确定,它具有两对隐性矮秆基因。与农林10号,大姆指矮等普通小麦的矮秆基因不同,对赤霉酸的反应是敏感型的,是小麦属中一个新的矮秆基因资源。 相似文献
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大麦半矮秆品种资源“米麦114”和“尺八大麦”的遗传评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用大麦半矮秆品种资源米麦114和尺八大麦与高秆测验种Bowman杂交的P1、P2、F1、F2及B1和B2六个世代群体为试村，研究了这两份半矮秆资源株高等性状的遗传规律及其之间的遗传关系。发现它们的半矮生性状均主要受一对隐性基因控制；千粒重由微效多基因决定，符合基因的加性——显性遗传模式。米麦114的穗长和穗密度各受一对隐性 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变体bndf-1的遗传鉴定及利用潜力分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
油菜矮秆资源的研究和利用是解决目前油菜品种易倒伏问题并实现机械化操作的有效途径之一。在甘蓝型油菜杂交选育后代中发现了一株高75 cm左右、株型紧凑、1次分枝明显增多的矮秆突变体,暂命名为bndf-1(Brassica napus L., dwarf-1)。该突变体与高秆常规种品系0003、0826的正反交F1株高小于中亲值而偏向矮秆亲本,相应F2分离群体高矮株分离比符合1:3的期望比值,表明bndf-1的矮秆性状受一对不完全显性核基因控制。对正反交F1的产量性状分析表明,该矮秆资源具有较好的生产应用前景。 相似文献
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一个水稻半矮秆突变体的鉴定与遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高黄矮材料是由黄矮与高秆材料杂交后代F2群体中分离得到的一个半矮秆突变体材料,株高在95 cm左右,比黄矮高约40 cm.该材料在苗期倒2叶叶尖开始出现黄化,分蘖期倒2叶叶尖仍然黄化,倒3叶近1/3叶面黄化干枯、破损现象比较明显.将该突变材料与不同高秆材料杂交,杂种F1表现为高亲本,F2群体株高数据符合3:1分离比例,结果表明该矮生性状受1对隐性基因控制,因其叶尖黄化性状与半矮秆性状共分离,故暂将该基因命名为dy(t)基因;同时将突变材料与其他不同基因型的半矮秆杂交,F2群体均符合9:3:3:1的分离比例,结果表明dy(t)基因与sdl、sdn、sdg基因均不等位,为一新的半矮秆基因.对不同株高材料的幼苗进行不同浓度外源赤霉素(GA3)叶面喷施处理后,结果表明dy(t)基因对该激素敏感. 相似文献
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小麦“矮变一号”的矮秆性遗传研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以农林10号、奥尔逊矮、矮宁和矮变一号为矮秆亲本,分别与高秆品种 Glenlea、鉴15-1和半矮秆品种选七进行杂交。根据 P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、F_3和 BC_1、BC_2各世代的株高变异,分析并比较这4个矮亲所携矮秆基因的遗传特性。同时,通过4个矮亲之间的互交,分析各自所携矮秆基因之间的等位性关系。研究结果表明:1.矮变一号和 相似文献
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积极发掘新的玉米矮秆资源并进行研究和利用,有利于玉米矮化育种。对比研究了矮秆突变体K125d和同源自交系K211之间的形态差异,通过与7个不同株高自交系配制正反交F_1,回交B_1、B_2和自交F_2群体,分析突变体K125d矮秆性状的遗传模式,其矮秆基因定位用BSA-SSR标记法。结果表明,与K211相比,K125d的生育期极显著增长,株高极显著降低;叶片重叠密集,叶数和叶宽极显著增加,叶片夹角极显著降低。所有群体在2个不同生态点试验结果一致,正反交F_1均为高秆;7个B_1群体和F_2群体株高分离比例分别符合1∶1和3∶1;除K123d外,6个B_2群体均为高秆,表明突变体K125d的株高由1对隐性细胞核基因控制,暂命名为d125。以(K125d×K236)F_2为定位群体,将基因d125定位于1号染色体SSR标记umc2569和umc1278之间,其距离为6.6,5.1 cM。以br2基因模型GRMZM2G315375克隆d125发现,d125在模型第1 651个碱基处有一个9 bp片段插入,在第6 438碱基处有一个232 bp片段缺失,缺失导致移码突变,造成功能位点缺失可能是导致转运功能丧失的主要原因。 相似文献
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矮败小麦及应用途径分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
矮败小麦是具有矮秆基因标记的显性核不育材料，非矮秆品种与之授粉，后代群体中的矮秆株是雄性不育的，而非矮秆株是雄性可育的。矮败小麦是太谷核不育小麦的第二代产品，多方面优于太谷核不育小麦，在常规育种、轮回选择和基础研究中有远大的应用前景。 相似文献
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Chromosomal location of dwarfing gene Rht12 in wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary The chromosomal location of the dwarfing gene Rht12 in the mutant winter wheat Karcagi 522M7K was investigated using F2 monosomic analysis. The segregation ratio for F2 progenies of Chinese Spring monosomics × Karcagi 522M7K, and that of Cheyenne monosomics × Karcagi 522M7K indicated that the near complete dominant dwarfing gene Rht12 is located on chromosome 5A. The heterozygous and hemizygous states of the genes Rht12 have the same effect on plant height. 相似文献
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四排穗(four-rowed spike, FRS)性状是超数小穗(supernumerary spikelets, SS)性状的一种类型,表现为在一个穗轴节片上近垂直地着生2个无柄小穗,从而增加了小穗数和穗粒数,对提高产量有一定的潜力。为了解圆锥小麦0880 FRS性状的遗传特征,将0880与正常穗(normal spike, NS)圆锥小麦0879杂交,构建了遗传群体,并对0880 (FRS) × 0879 (NS)与0879 (NS) × 0880 (FRS) F1、F2及F2:3植株的穗部性状进行了调查。结果显示,正反交组合的F1植株均表现为正常穗,F2群体中正常穗与四排穗符合3∶1的分离比例,表明0880的四排穗性状由隐性单基因控制,将该基因定名为frs1;细胞质对frs1无显著影响。采用已定位于普通小麦A组与B组的SSR分子标记并结合混合分组分析法(BSA), 筛选出32个在双亲及F2单株构建的四排穗型池和正常穗型池都具有多态性的SSR分子标记,利用JoinMap4.0软件构建了与frs1连锁的2A染色体11个SSR分子标记遗传图谱,其中SSR标记Xwmc598和Xwmc522位于frs1基因两侧,与该基因的遗传距离分别为4.0 cM和2.4 cM。利用2A染色体缺失系对这11个SSR进行物理定位,Xwmc598和Xwmc522均被定位在2A染色体短臂FL0.00~0.78区域。本研究的结果为frs1基因的精细定位及分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。 相似文献
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小麦白粉病是严重影响小麦生产的重要病害之一,培育和应用抗病品种是有效控制和减少病害的最经济有效的方法。野生二粒小麦是硬粒小麦和普通小麦的四倍体野生祖先种,是小麦抗病性遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究利用来自以色列的野生二粒小麦WE29与普通小麦杂交,再用普通小麦连续回交和自交,育成高抗白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)小麦新品系3D258(系谱为燕大1817/WE29//5*87-1, BC4F6)。将3D258和高感小麦白粉病的普通小麦品种薛早配制杂交组合,对其F1、F2代分离群体和F3代家系进行白粉病抗性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明3D258携带抗白粉病显性单基因,暂命名为MlWE29。利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和分子标记分析,发现6个SSR标记(Xgwm335、Xgwm213、Xgwm639、Xwmc415、Xwmc289和Xwmc75)和5个EST-STS标记(BE494426、BE442763、CD452476、BE445282和BE407068)与抗白粉病基因MlWE29连锁。利用中国春缺体-四体系、双端体系和缺失系将抗白粉病基因MlWE29标记物理定位于5BL染色体的0.59–0.79区域。这一普通小麦抗白粉病种质资源的创制及其连锁分子标记的建立为小麦抗病基因分子标记辅助选择、基因积聚和分子育种提供了新的物质基础。 相似文献
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Summary A composite convergent cross of 16 spring wheat parents produced a set of unselected progeny lines among which the major dwarfing genes, Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3, were distributed against a common random genetic background. Random subsets of these lines were grown under irrigation and optimal conditions in 4 experiments with replicated bordered plots in southern New South Wales in order to measure the dwarfing gene effect on yield potential. The dwarfing gene composition of each line was determined by test crossing and seedling responsiveness to gibberellic acid.Lodging was negligible in the two experiments in 1982. While present in the two in 1983, it was not strongly associated with yield. Grain yield levels were appropriately high (mean 5.9 t/ha). In all but 1 experiment the Rht1+Rht2 dwarf genotypes gave highest yields while the Rht3 group yielded on average 3% lower, Rht2 9% lower, Rht1 11% lower, and the non-dwarf or tall group yielded 24% lower. These yield differences were positively associated with harvest index, kernels per m2 and kernels per spike, but negatively associated with mature plant height. Even within major dwarfing gene classes, grain yield was significantly and negatively associated with height. 相似文献
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利用矮秆基因RhtB1-b、RhtD1-b和Rht8特异分子标记对郑麦583和2015-2016年度参加河南省区域试验、河南省品种比较试验、国家黄淮南片区域试验及国家黄淮麦区品种比较试验的共630份小麦材料的基因型进行检测。结果表明,供试材料中检测到549份材料含有RhtB1-b基因;592份材料含有RhtD1-b基因;513份材料含有Rht8基因;422份材料同时含有3个矮秆基因,169份材料仅含有2个矮秆基因,说明3个主要的矮秆基因在河南小麦育种过程中被聚合使用。此外,分析发现,矮秆基因Rht8与株高和每公顷穗数,以及千粒重具有显著相关性。郑麦583等小麦品种聚合了这3个矮秆基因,具有优良的丰产性,通过选择和利用矮秆基因对于培育具有丰产性优点的小麦品种具有一定价值。 相似文献
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Summary Near-isogenic tall (no dwarfing gene), semidwarf (Rht1 or Rht2) and dwarf (Rht1 + Rht2 or Rht3) spring wheat lines were evaluated for yield and yield components under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Under irrigated conditions, the dwarf and the semidwarf lines exhibited a significant yield advantage over the tall lines. Under rainfed conditions, the semidwarf lines outyielded the tall as well as the dwarf lines. Percent yield reduction in response to drought stress was highest with the dwarfs and lowest with the tall lines. Dry matter production of the tall lines and that of the semidwarf lines did not differ significantly and both produced significantly more dry matter than the dwarf lines under irrigated as well as rainfed conditions. Plant height and kernel weight decreased with increasing degree of dwarfness while number of kernels per spikelet, harvest index and days to heading increased under both moisture regimes. The dwarfing genes did not have any significant influence on number of tillers/m2 and spikelets per spike in either moisture regime. 相似文献
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I. P. King K. A. Cant C. N. Law A. J. Worland S. E. Orford S. M. Reader T. E. Miller 《Euphytica》1996,89(1):103-106
Summary Wheat varieties tend to be chromosomally unstable producing on average 2–3% of plants with abnormal chromosome numbers. A number of semi dwarf wheat varieties, carrying the gibberellic acid insensitive dwarfing genes Rht1 or Rht2, have been seen to produce distinct tall off types due to reduction in dosage of the chromosome carrying the dwarfing gene. The UK variety Brigand, carrying Rht2 on chromosome 4D, produced very distinct tall off types when this chromosome was reduced in dosage. The frequency of tall off types was sufficiently high to cause the variety to fail United Kingdom statutory uniformity tests. An attempt to prevent the loss of chromosome 4D was made by constructing translocation chromosomes involving the short arm of chromosome 4D, which carries Rht2, and the long arm of chromosome 4S
l
from Aegilops sharonensis, which carries a gene(s) conferring preferential transmission. The work in this paper describes the field evaluation of two lines carrying 4DS.4DL-4S
l
L translocations, and demonstrates their success in preventing spontaneously occurring monosomy of chromosome 4D in semi-dwarf wheats. 相似文献
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利用以春小麦品种ＡｐｒｉｌＢｅａｒｄｅｄ为背景的含有不同矮秆基因Ｒｈｔ１、Ｒｈｔ２、Ｒｈｔ３、Ｒｈｔ１＋Ｒｈｔ２和Ｒｈｔ２＋Ｒｈｔ３的５个近等基因系,研究了不同矮秆基因对小麦生长发育的作用。结果表明：Ｒｈｔ１半矮秆基因显著缩短了小麦植株生长发育进程,促进了地上部干物质积累,加大了旗叶面积和倒二叶面积,提高了单株成穗率,减少了无效分蘖;Ｒｈｔ２半矮秆基因显著增大了倒二叶面积,提高了单株成穗率和穗长,减少了无效分蘖;Ｒｈｔ３矮秆基因显著加大了旗叶面积,但对地上部干物质的积累、单株成穗和穗长均有显著的负向作用;Ｒｈｔ１＋Ｒｈｔ２基因结合没有突出的优势存在：Ｒｈｔ２和Ｒｈｔ３基因结合对有利于提高小麦产量性状的作用均为负向最大;上述３种矮秆基因及其不同的结合形式均有显著的使茎秆矮化的作用。因此认为Ｒｈｔ１半矮秆基因在小麦育种中利用价值较大,Ｒｈｔ３矮秆基因利用价值则较小。 相似文献
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Summary Two wheat cultivars, Spica and Lerma 52, which consistently produce high levels of -amylase during the later stages of grain development (late maturity -amylase), were crossed with a set of four near-isogenic lines carrying the tall (rht) allele or one of the dwarfing genes Rht1, Rht2 or Rht3 (GA-insensitive alleles). The F1 and F2 populations were developed and analysed for grain -amylase and plant height. The Rht3 gene exhibited the strongest influence on plant height and strongly inhibited new -amylase synthesis during the later part of grain ripening. By comparison, Rht1 and Rht2 had a less pronounced effect but still significantly reduced the expression of late maturity -amylase. These observations suggest that gibberellic acid is involved either directly or indirectly in this phenomenon. The implications of the effect of dwarfing genes on expression of late maturity -amylase are discussed in relation to cultivar improvement and to the identification and control of high -amylase germplasm. 相似文献
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V. R. Nenova K. V. Kocheva P. I. Petrov G. I. Georgiev T. V. Karceva A. Börner S. P. Landjeva 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2014,200(6):434-443
Wheat reduced height (Rht) genes encode modified DELLA proteins, which are gibberellin insensitive, accumulate under stress, restrain growth and affect plant stress response. The seedling reaction to soil water deficit regarding leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was compared in near‐isogenic lines carrying the alleles Rht‐B1a (tall), Rht‐B1b (semi‐dwarfing) and Rht‐B1c (dwarfing) and was related to leaf water content and anatomy. Under drought, Rht‐B1c line was characterized by less decreased CO2 assimilation, delayed non‐stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and higher instantaneous water use efficiency. The functional state of its photosynthetic apparatus was better preserved as evidenced by the less decreased actual quantum yield (ΦPSII) and potential maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PSII, and the less increased quantum yield of non‐regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO). Rht‐B1b line also tended to perform better than Rht‐B1a, but differences were less pronounced. Although the leaves of both dwarf lines were smaller, thicker and more pubescent, their water content was not higher in comparison with the tall line. Nevertheless, in Rht‐B1c, leaf thickness was less decreased and mesophyll cells were less shrunk under drought. The more effective performance of the photosynthetic machinery of dwarf lines under water deficit could be explained by a combination of morpho‐anatomical and metabolic characteristics. 相似文献