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1.
Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of the adaptation of rumen micro-organisms on the degradation of native potato starch (PS) in the rumen. Cows were fed with rations used for gas production (GP) analysis (dry cows, 1.6% starch) and for the nylon bag (NB) technique (lactating cows, 23% starch, mainly maize starch) and a ration containing 19% native PS (lactating cows). Fermentation characteristics of 13 samples were investigated with the GP technique using rumen fluid from cows fed each of the three rations. The same samples were investigated with the NB technique in the cows obtaining the NB ration and the PS ration. The results showed that the rate of GP was influenced by the source of the rumen fluid. The fermentation rate of PS was considerably enhanced by using rumen fluid adapted to the fermentation of native PS instead of using the other rumen fluids. Incubating in cows fed the PS ration, the rate of PS degradation determined with the NB technique, was higher compared with cows fed other rations. Using the PS ration the observed lag period for PS was shorter. The results show a clear influence of ration on the degradation characteristics of starch, determined with both the GP technique and the NB technique. However, these changes in behaviour did not explain observed differences in amounts of rumen escape PS measured in vivo in animal experiments and in situ, using the NB technique. 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究苜蓿青贮、全株小麦青贮、燕麦青贮和全株玉米青贮（2种）共5种青贮饲料的淀粉瘤胃降解特性，对其有效降解率与实时降解率进行分析，以期能根据单个时间点的淀粉降解率来估算青贮饲料的淀粉降解率，并为《奶牛营养需要和饲养标准》的更新提供相关数据。选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物，采用尼龙袋法评定淀粉的动态降解率和有效降解率，将装有待测饲料样品的尼龙袋在奶牛瘤胃中分别培养4、8、12、24、30、36、48和72 h，每头牛每个时间点设4个平行。结果显示：①随着在瘤胃内培养时间的延长，各青贮饲料的淀粉瘤胃降解率均呈现逐步上升的趋势，且在24 h后趋于稳定；全株小麦青贮的淀粉有效降解率最高，与依次降低的燕麦青贮、苜蓿青贮和全株玉米青贮差异显著（P < 0.05）。②试验所选用的青贮饲料的8 h淀粉降解率与其有效降解率相关性最强，R2为0.9876。由此可知，采用8 h淀粉降解率估测青贮饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的淀粉降解率是可行的，本试验结果可为科学配制奶牛日粮提供数据参考。 相似文献
3.
试验旨在研究壳聚糖在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率及其对瘤胃发酵的影响。选择3头体况良好,年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳期相近,安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦泌乳牛作为供体牛。试验一采用尼龙袋法,分别在投入尼龙袋后2、4、8、12、24、36、72 h取样,测定壳聚糖在瘤胃内的实时降解率。试验二利用体外批次培养法,采用单因素完全随机试验设计依据壳聚糖在基础培养底物中的添加剂量分为6个处理组(0、0.02%、0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%)。其中,零剂量组为对照组,其余为壳聚糖组。分别于培养0、2、4、8、12、24 h时间点取样,研究不同添加水平的壳聚糖对奶牛瘤胃液体外发酵特性的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖在奶牛瘤胃内降解率很低,在72 h时的降解率仅有7.79%;添加不同水平的壳聚糖,对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵培养液的pH值、NH3-N浓度、菌体蛋白(BCP)含量、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量、产气量均无显著的影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
4.
The effect of three wheat grain treatments on the zootechnical performance (feed intake, milk production and milk fat and protein production) of dairy cattle was studied with 18 Holstein cows in each of two feeding trials (both a 3 × 3 Latin square design). Rolled wheat, NaOH treated wheat and immature wheat ensiled with Graintona-Plus (Vee-lik, Zuienkerke, Belgium) were compared in a ration with fixed DM proportions of wheat, maize silage and prewilted grass silage. The nutritive value of the three wheat treatments was derived from in situ rumen degradability studies and from in vivo digestibility experiments.
In situ rumen incubations showed that NaOH treatment strongly decreased protein and starch degradability of the wheat. Due to that importantly decreased starch degradability NaOH treated wheat may be a source of starch with a reduced risk of rumen acidosis as compared to rolled wheat. On the other hand, due to the ensiling, immature wheat had a very high washable starch fraction, despite the Graintona-Plus treatment. The protein value differed importantly, with the DPI (true protein digested in the small intestine; [Tamminga, S., van Straalen, W.M., Subnel, A.P.J., Meijer, R.G.M., Steg, A., Wever, C.J.G., Blok, M.C., 1994. The Dutch protein evaluation system: the DVE/OEB-system. Livest. Prod. Sci. 40, 139–155]) value being 103, 125 and 76 g/kg DM for rolled, NaOH treated and ensiled wheat, respectively. The RDPB (degraded protein balance; [Tamminga, S., van Straalen, W.M., Subnel, A.P.J., Meijer, R.G.M., Steg, A., Wever, C.J.G., Blok, M.C., 1994. The Dutch protein evaluation system: the DVE/OEB-system. Livest. Prod. Sci. 40, 139–155]) value of the NaOH treated wheat was − 51 vs. − 37 and− 33 g/kg DM for rolled and ensiled wheat. In vivo digestibility trials with Holstein cows indicated that the net energy value of the wheat treatments was not significantly different.
In Trial 1, all diets were formulated to supply 105% of the requirements of DPI and net energy lactation (NEL; [Van Es, A.J.H., 1978. Feed evaluation for ruminants: I. The system in use from May 1977 onwards in the Netherlands. Livest. Prod. Sci. 5, 331–345]) and a safe RDPB level (± 200 g/day). On average 4.6 kg wheat DM was fed daily. Following trial 1, trial 2 was carried out, with the maize silage, grass silage and wheat fed in the same proportions as in trial 1, but fed ad libitum, to compare the intake level of the three diets. In both trials, the NaOH treated wheat resulted in the best performance with importantly increased milk yield and the highest yield of fat and protein corrected milk. Ensiled immature wheat resulted in a significant lower milk production and milk protein yield and in a higher milk fat content. In trial 1, DM-intake of the three groups was comparable due to the experimental design. In trial 2 intake of the cows fed NaOH treated wheat was significantly higher (23.5 vs. 21.1 kg/day for the other two groups). 相似文献
5.
采用短期人工瘤胃发酵技术,研究瘤胃混合微生物对糠麸类饲料中植酸磷的降解作用。试验采集3头健康泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液,以不同来源稻糠、玉米麸、麦麸饲料为底物,测定厌氧发酵3、12、24、48和72 h饲料植酸磷的消失率。结果表明:1)糠麸类饲料植酸磷消失率均随发酵时间的延长而增加,并且在发酵至24 h时,植酸磷消失率趋于90%以上。2)不同来源的同种糠麸类饲料间植酸磷的潜在降解率和降解速率明显不同。3)3种糠麸类饲料比较发现,麦麸饲料的植酸磷潜在降解率可达到100%(P<0.000 1),而玉米麸(95.58%)与稻糠(96.82%)饲料间差异不显著(P>0.05),植酸磷降解速率呈现为稻糠>玉米麸>麦麸(P<0.000 1)。由此可见,瘤胃混合微生物能很好地降解富含植酸磷的糠麸类饲料,且降解作用在不同饲料间存在一定的差异。 相似文献
6.
选择4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,利用尼龙袋法研究了马铃薯渣和红薯渣青贮前后干物质和淀粉瘤胃降解规律。结果表明,青贮后马铃薯渣和红薯渣的干物质和淀粉的瘤胃72 h消失率及有效降解率均极显著降低（P＜0.01）,马铃薯渣干物质和淀粉消失率由青贮前的95.72%和99.60%下降为53.43%和86.51%,红薯渣则由97.65%和99.81%下降为66.72%和84.69%,马铃薯渣干物质和淀粉的有效降解率降低了47.34%和35.98%,红薯渣则下降了51.48%和57.39%;马铃薯渣青贮和红薯渣青贮干物质的有效降解率差异不显著（P＞0.05）,淀粉差异显著（P＜0.05）;马铃薯渣和红薯渣青贮后过瘤胃淀粉分别增加了57.43%（42.94 g/kg）和151.37%（122.52 g/kg）,且红薯渣极显著高于马铃薯渣（P＜0.01）。因此,青贮处理有效降低了2种薯渣干物质和淀粉的瘤胃降解率,并提高了其过瘤胃淀粉量,红薯渣的过瘤胃淀粉量明显高于马铃薯渣。 相似文献
7.
采用体外瘤胃发酵试验结合动态产气实时记录技术,分析了添加植酸酶对瘤胃微生物降解和利用糠麸饲料的功效。试验采集3头健康泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液,以稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸为底物,测定对照组和加酶组(5 U/g植酸酶)发酵72 h的累积产气量、发酵动力学参数和和瘤胃发酵特性指标。结果表明,添加5 U/g植酸酶并不能显著影响稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸的体外干物质消化率、培养液中氨态氮浓度以及发酵的产气量(72 h累积产气量和理论最大产气量)(P>0.050 0),但却能显著降低发酵的产气速率及达到最大产气量1/2时的产气速率(P<0.050 0),显著提高培养液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P<0.050 0),总挥发性脂肪酸浓度增幅由高至低依次为麦麸(4.2%)、稻糠(3.3%)和玉米麸(1.7%),除可显著提高异丁酸含量(P<0.050 0)外,对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等主要挥发性脂肪酸的含量的影响不显著(P>0.050 0)。总之,稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸间体外瘤胃发酵特性存在差异,添加植酸酶可在一定程度上促进瘤胃微生物发酵释放出更多的挥发性脂肪酸,提高瘤胃微生物对饲料中能量物质的发酵利用效率。 相似文献
8.
本试验旨在利用体外产气法评定西藏地区不同作物秸秆的营养价值。选取西藏地区5种常见作物秸秆(豌豆秸秆、玉米秸秆、青稞秸秆、小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆),通过单因素试验设计,利用体外产气法评定5种作物秸秆体外发酵48 h的产气量、理论最大产气量(Vf)、甲烷(CH4)产量、逻辑斯谛-指数(LE)模型产气参数、发酵液p H和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、主要挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产量、体外干物质降解率(IVDMD)和体外中性洗涤纤维降解率(IVNDFD)等指标。结果显示:5种作物秸秆体外发酵48 h的产气量按玉米秸秆、青稞秸秆、豌豆秸秆、小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆的顺序依次降低。体外发酵48 h后,玉米秸秆的Vf、IVDMD、IVNDFD、CH4产量(豌豆秸秆除外)、丙酸和总VFA产量均显著高于其他4种作物秸秆(P0.05),其体外发酵液p H则显著低于其他秸秆(P0.05)。结果表明,玉米秸秆体外发酵效果最佳,与其他试验作物秸秆相比更容易被瘤胃微生物降解利用。 相似文献
9.
Umucalilar HD Coşkun B Gülşen N 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2002,86(9-10):288-297
An investigation of the dry matter degradability (DMD) and effective dry matter degradability (EDDM) was performed for barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oat samples, using the Nylon-bag technique. Gas production (GP), metabolizable energy (ME) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were also studied by using Hohenheim gas test. The DM from barley, wheat, rye and triticale was digested rapidly in the rumen, and, at the 48 h of incubation, degradability was found to be approximately about 80%. The higher degradability observed for these grains than for oats and corn was attributable to the structure of these grains. In contrast, DM of corn and oats was degraded very slowly and reached 66.7 and 66.5 at 48 h, respectively. Effective degradability values of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were determined to be 61.4, 69.0, 64.0, 41.7, 66.7 and 58.6% in 5% rumen outflow rate, respectively. At the end of the 48 h incubation, total gas productions in barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 83.6, 87.2, 87.5, 83.5, 85.8 and 63.9 ml/200 mg DM, respectively. The mean ME values of these grains calculated from cumulative gas amount at 24 h incubation were 11.8, 12.1, 12.3, 10.9, 12.4 and 10.2 MJ/kg DM, respectively. In vitro digestible organic matter of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 85.0, 87.3, 88.2, 79.5, 89.0 and 72.6%. Percentage overall EDDM (k=5%) of barley, wheat, rye, triticale and oats was positively correlated with in vitro GP at 6 h, cumulative GP at 24 h and total GP at 48 h (p<0.05). As a result, in situ dry matter degradation of grains showed great differences depending on the chemical compositions. In situ EDDM of grains may be predicted from in vitro gas production parameters. 相似文献
10.
本试验以优良中筋小麦“扬麦14”为试验材料,在小麦整个生育期提高CO2浓度和温度,分为4组:空白组,升温组,CO2组,升温和CO2混合组,空白组小麦生长平均温度10.5 ℃,CO2浓度413 μmol/mol,升温组温度高于空白组2 ℃,CO2组浓度500 μmol/mol,升温和CO2混合组同时提高温度与CO2浓度,收割时采集麦秸用于体内消化试验。用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法评定温度和CO2浓度升高环境下小麦秸瘤胃的降解特性。结果显示,与空白组相比,升温组DM快速降解部分显著升高(P<0.05),ADF降解率与ADF慢速降解部分显著降低(P<0.05);CO2组DM,OM,NDF及ADF降解率均显著降低(P<0.05),且DM,OM与NDF有效降解率显著降低(P<0.05);混合组DM,OM,NDF及ADF降解率均显著降低(P<0.05),DM,OM及ADF慢速降解部分显著降低(P<0.05),DM,OM与NDF有效降解率显著降低(P<0.05)。不同处理后麦秸DM,OM,NDF与ADF瘤胃内降解率从高到低为空白组、升温组、CO2组和混合组。综合以上结果表明,温度和CO2浓度升高降低了麦秸DM,OM,NDF及ADF瘤胃内降解率,导致麦秸营养价值降低,温度升高对降解率影响最小,其次为CO2浓度升高,温度和CO2浓度同时升高对麦秸营养价值的影响最为显著。 相似文献
11.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(2)
Background: The present work investigated the influence of lignin content and composition in the fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass in order to improve rumen degradability. Wheat straw and wood chips,differing in lignin composition, were treated with Lentinula edodes for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 wk and the changes occurring during fungal degradation were analyzed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and detergent fiber analysis.Results: L. edodes preferentially degraded lignin, with only limited cellulose degradation, in wheat straw and wood chips, leaving a substrate enriched in cellulose. Syringyl(S)-lignin units were preferentially degraded than guaiacyl(G)-lignin units, resulting in a decreased S/G ratio. A decreasing S/G ratio(wheat straw: r =-0.72, wood chips: r =-0.75) and selective lignin degradation(wheat straw: r =-0.69, wood chips: r =-0.88) were correlated with in vitro gas production(IVGP), a good indicator for rumen degradability.Conclusions: L. edodes treatment increased the IVGP of wheat straw and wood chips. Effects on IVGP were similar for wheat straw and wood chips indicating that lignin content and 3D-structure of cell walls influence in vitro rumen degradability more than lignin composition. 相似文献
12.
研究4种不同添加剂对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料发酵品质以及牛瘤胃降解率的影响,并筛选出适宜的添加剂。试验采用密封塑料桶进行混贮,薯渣和玉米秸秆混贮水分含量控制在70%(混贮比例为1∶2),设置了对照组(CK)、微贮博士组(处理1)、青贮邦组(处理2)、拉巴克思复合添加剂组(处理3)以及亚芯组(处理4)5个处理,每个处理3个重复,贮存期60 d。采用实验室化学分析法及半体内试验测定第60天发酵品质、有氧稳定性、瘤胃降解率。结果表明各处理组和对照组(CK组)的感官评定结果无明显差异;经过发酵品质分析测定,4种添加剂处理均改善了薯渣饲料的发酵品质,其中处理4组的乳酸含量最高(P<0.01),pH和氨态氮含量最低(P<0.05);各添加剂处理均提高了薯渣混贮饲料的有氧稳定性,其中以处理4组效果最佳(P<0.01),有氧稳定时间为162 h,比CK组延长50 h,其次是处理2组(P<0.01)、处理3组(P<0.01),处理1组改善效果不明显;在瘤胃中培养48 h后,处理组干物质(DM)瘤胃降解率显著高于CK组(P<0.05),粗蛋白质(CP)瘤胃降解率极显著高于CK组(P<0.01);处理4组的NDF瘤胃降解率最高,显著高于处理3(P<0.05),但与其他处理组的NDF瘤胃降解率差异不显著(P>0.05);处理4组的ADF瘤胃降解率显著高于3组和CK组(P<0.05),与处理1组和处理2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。处理1组的淀粉瘤胃降解率比CK提高2.83%(P<0.01),其他各处理组间淀粉的牛瘤胃降解率无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,添加剂处理对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料的发酵品质、有氧稳定性、瘤胃降解率等均有改善作用,其中以亚芯组处理效果最好。 相似文献
13.
利用正交试验设计研究葡萄糖处理豆粕对奶牛过瘤胃蛋白的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法研究在不同因素下葡萄糖处理豆粕,在奶牛瘤胃内不同时间点DM、CP消失率及其有效降解率的作用效果。结果表明:在不同时间点,提高葡萄糖添加量可使DM、CP消失率逐渐降低,所有试验组与未处理组差异均显著(P0.05),葡萄糖添加量、加热温度、加热时间、含水量四个因素均对蛋白质降解率影响显著,四个因素的影响顺序为:加热温度加热时间葡萄糖添加量含水量;随着加热温度升高、加热时间的延长、葡萄糖添加量的增加,豆粕DM降解率与瘤胃蛋白降解率都逐渐下降。 相似文献
14.
Min Wang Yuan Hu Zhiliang Tan Shaoxun Tang Zhihong Sun Xuefeng Han 《Livestock Science》2008,117(2-3):233-237
Three 4-month-old growing wether goats were used to determine the ruminal P degradability of three classes of feedstuffs with in situ nylon bag technique. Three classes of feedstuffs were cereal (maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat, rice, millet, and sorghum), legume (horsebean, soybean, pea, mungbean, and jequirity) and tuber (potato, sweat potato, and cassava). The experiment consisted of 15 periods. During each period, the ruminal P disappearance of each one of these feedstuffs was measured at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h, respectively. The exponential model of Ørskov and McDonald was employed to estimate degradation kinetics. Results showed that the degradability of feed P ranged from 805 to 986 g/kg P. Effective degradability of P generally exceeded 830 g/kg P, except for rice and millet. This updates the feed database of in situ P degradability in China, which would play an important role in improving biological P efficiency for modern ruminant production system. 相似文献
15.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(1)
Background: Modification of chemical composition of diets fed to dairy cows might be a good strategy to reduce methane(CH_4) production in the rumen. Notable reductions of CH_4 production compared to conventional highroughages rations were more frequently observed for very concentrated diets or when fat supplements were used. In these cases, the reduction in the gas emission was mainly a consequence of an overall impairment of rumen function with a reduction of fiber digestibility. These strategies do not always comply with feeding standards used in intensive dairy farms and they are usually not applied owing to the risks of negative health and economic consequences.Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of seven commercial diets with contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF),protein and lipids ranging 325 to 435 g/kg DM, 115 to 194 g/kg DM, and 26 to 61 g/kg DM, respectively, on in vitro degradability, gas(GP), and CH_4 production.Results: In this experiment, changes in the dietary content of NDF, crude protein(CP) and lipids were always obtained at the expense or in favor of starch. A decreased of the dietary NDF content increased NDF(NDFd) and true DM(TDMd) degradability, and increased CH_4 production per g of incubated DM(P 0.001), but not that per g of TDMd. An increase of the dietary CP level did not change in vitro NDFd and TDMd, decreased GP per g of incubated DM(P 0.001), but CH_4 production per g of TDMd was not affected. An increased dietary lipid content reduced NDFd, TDMd,and GP per g of incubated DM, but it had no consequence on CH_4 production per g of TDMd.Conclusions: It was concluded that, under commercial conditions, changes in dietary composition would produce small or negligible alterations of CH_4 production per unit of TDMd, but greater differences in GP and CH_4 production would be expected when these amounts are expressed per unit of DM intake. The use of TDMd as a standardizing parameter is proposed to account for possible difference in DM intake and productivity. 相似文献
16.
Improving the nutritive value of wheat straw with urea and yeast culture for dry season feeding of dairy cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Olivier Basole Kashongwe Preminius Migwi Bockline Omedo Bebe Patrick Auwor Ooro Tobias Atali Onyango John Odhiambo Osoo 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1009-1014
The study evaluated the effects of feeding urea treated/supplemented wheat straw-based diets with addition of yeast culture (YC) as a dry season feed for dairy cows. Wheat straw diets with 3.6 % urea and 5.8 % molasses were formulated to upgrade nonprotein nitrogen levels and fibre degradation in the rumen. Yeast culture was included at 0 and 10 g/cow/day in mixer with commercial dairy meal to improve on fibre degradation and milk yield. Two experiments were conducted. Firstly, an in sacco dry matter degradability (DMD) trial with three steers in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3?×?2 factorial arrangement to determine the effects on intake and rumen degradation parameters. Secondly, feeding trial with 18 lactating cows in a 3?×?2 factorial arrangement at two levels of yeast culture (0 and 10 g/cow/day) and three types of urea interventions: No intervention (WS); addition of urea to straw at the time of feeding (USWS); and 7 days incubation of straw with urea (UTWS). Yeast cultures addition had no effect on rumen pH and NH3-N, but urea intervention showed an effect on rumen pH with USWS being lowest (p?<?0.05). Both urea interventions and yeast culture addition had no effect (p?>?0.05) on dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition but they increased (p?<?0.05) propionate yields. 相似文献
17.
Hristov AN Zaman S VanderPol M Szasz P Huber K Greer D 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(6):1459-1466
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of a saponin-based surfactant, Grain Prep surfactant (GP), and hot flake aging time on starch characteristics and ruminal DM and starch degradability of steam-flaked corn grain. In 2 experiments, the moisture content of incoming corn was automatically adjusted using the Grain Prep Auto Delivery System to 19.8% (Exp. 1) and 18.5% (Exp. 2). The application rate of GP was 22 mg/kg (as-is basis). Control corn was treated with water alone. Processed corn in Exp. 2 was stored in insulated containers for 0, 4, 8, or 16 h. Flaked corn samples were incubated in the rumen of lactating dairy cows for 0, 2, 4, 6, 16, or 24 h. In Exp. 1, GP increased, compared with the control, the soluble fraction and effective degradability (ED) of DM by 17.2 and 8.6%, respectively. The ED of cornstarch was increased by 6.7%. In Exp. 2, the concentration of soluble DM and starch were increased by GP by 15 and 24% compared with the control. The ED of DM and starch were also increased by 3 and 4%, respectively. No differences in gelatinization temperatures were observed due to treatment, except that GP-treated grain had a slightly greater mean gelatinization enthalpy in Exp. 2. In a pilot study, DM degradability parameters were not affected by germination of the corn kernels. Aging of the hot flakes for up to 16 h resulted in a quadratic decrease in DM and starch ruminal degradability. The aging process affected starch gelatinization enthalpy values of flaked grain in a manner opposite to that observed for ruminal DM and starch degradation. This phenomenon was most likely explained by increased starch intramolecular associations or crystallinity associated with starch annealing, or both. This study confirmed our previous observations that Grain Prep surfactant increases flaked corn DM and starch degradability in the rumen. Because the rate of degradation was not affected by the surfactant, the increase in degradability was attributed mainly to increases in DM and starch solubility. 相似文献
18.
裹包全混合日粮瘤胃降解特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用2头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法研究了裹包贮存、精粗比和水分含量对全混合日粮(TMR)营养成分瘤胃降解特性的影响。结果表明:裹包贮存可显著提高TMR饲料干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃消失率和有效降解率(P0.05)。DM和CP的瘤胃消失率及有效降解率随TMR饲料精料水平的提高显著增加(P0.05)。水分含量60%组TMR饲料中CP的有效降解率显著高于40%和50%组(P0.05),40%和50%组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,裹包贮存可提高TMR饲料中营养物质瘤胃消失率和有效降解率(P0.05),营养物质的瘤胃消失率和有效降解率随TMR饲料精粗比的增加而增加,水分含量对裹包TMR中不同营养物质的消失率和有效降解率有不同影响。 相似文献
19.
瘤胃尼龙袋法测定常用饲料过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
以9头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对玉米淀粉、玉米、麸皮、豆粕、麻粕、棉籽粕、苜蓿干草、羊草、肋麦野豌豆、玉米秸等10种常用饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率进行了比较研究。结果表明,各种饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量(g/kg)依次为417.85、404.84、226.31、62.04、110.56、108.61、73.50、50.87、47.55、24.43;其淀粉瘤胃降解率%依次为60.95、50.47、61.70、80.19、65.57、61.01、53.15、64.23、70.40、73.65。 相似文献
20.
The objective of this study was to quantify the nutritive characteristics of 6 grain crops and 4 herb forages over 4 seasons, when all species were grown at the same site, under the same climatic and edaphic conditions, and with soil moisture and nutrient availability being non-limiting to growth. The forages grown were maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), millet (Pennisetum americana), wheat (Triticum aestivum), triticale (Triticum × secale), oats (Avena sativa), fodder radish (Raphanu sativa), rape (Brassica rapa), chicory (Cachorium intybus) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata). The in sacco degradation characteristics of organic matter (OM) and crude protein of herbages were measured in the rumen of cannulated sheep in order to calculate the availability of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), rumen by pass protein, metabolisable protein (MP) and the synchrony index (Is), which describes the efficiency of utilization of degradable nitrogen (N) and OM for microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in the rumen.In this study, all grain crops except maize had a ERDP/fermentable metabolizable energy (FME) ratio varying from 14 for millet to 23 for wheat, well above the ratio of 11 required for optimum MPS in the rumen of dairy cows. In contrast, maize had the lowest ERDP/FME ratio of 3, indicating that ERDP would be limiting MPS in the rumen. The availability of MP varied from 58 g/kg DM in maize to 153 g/kg DM in wheat and all forage species except maize were be able to meet the MP requirement of high-producing dairy cows (30 L/milk/day) provided they were able to consume 11 to13 kg DM/cow/day of the forage.The availability of MP from herbs varied from 95 g/kg DM in fodder radish to 163 g/kg DM in plantain, which would be sufficient for high-producing cows, however, most dairy cows could not consume sufficient forage to achieve these high levels of production due to very high nitrate content in rape (mean of 11.1 g/kg DM) and fodder radish (mean of 8 g/kg DM). 相似文献