共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
小麦是我国主要的粮食作物, 麦田草害的发生与危害严重影响小麦的产量与品质。我国小麦田的禾本科杂草主要包括日本看麦娘、看麦娘、菵草和多花黑麦草等, 田间杂草防除主要依靠化学除草剂。精噁唑禾草灵自20世纪80年代进入我国市场以来, 长期用于小麦田禾本科杂草防除, 已经报道麦田多种禾本科杂草对精噁唑禾草灵产生了高水平抗药性。为更加科学合理地控制小麦田杂草的发生与危害, 一些学者就麦田禾本科杂草对精噁唑禾草灵的抗药性水平监测和抗性机理进行了系统研究。本文系统总结了我国小麦田抗精噁唑禾草灵杂草的发生种群、抗性水平、靶标酶抗性机理与非靶标抗性机理, 还梳理了抗性杂草的交互抗性与多抗性发生情况, 分析了我国在抗性杂草治理方面的经验以及面临的问题, 为农田杂草防除提供指导。 相似文献
2.
3.
除草剂的应用为农业生产带来便利, 但长期、单一使用某一种或相同机制的除草剂也引发了杂草对除草剂的抗性问题。抗性杂草种类逐渐增加, 抗性形成机制复杂, 导致农田杂草的治理难度增加。杂草对除草剂的抗性机制主要分为两种, 一种是除草剂靶标位点基因的突变或过量表达导致的靶标抗性, 另一种是杂草对除草剂吸收、转运、固存和代谢等一个或多个生理过程发生变化导致的非靶标抗性。本文综述了杂草对9类不同作用方式除草剂的非靶标抗性机制的生理、生化和分子基础的研究进展, 以期为抗性杂草综合治理提供参考。 相似文献
4.
磺酰脲类除草剂的使用与杂草抗药性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1970年首次报道了杂草对均三氮苯类除草剂产生抗性,杂草对除草剂的抗性也随着除草剂的使用而不断发展与蔓延。到目前为止,已有100种以上杂草对不同类型除草剂产生了抗性,其中涉及均三氮苯、联吡啶、苯氧羧酸、苯基脲、二硝基苯胺、芳氧苯氧丙酸、环己烯酮、三唑、咪唑啉酮、磺酰脲等,从而使杂草抗性成为除草剂品种开发及化学除草中的重要问题。在杂草对众多类型除草剂产生抗性的事例中,杂草对超高效除草剂磺酰脲类化合物的抗性最引人注目。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
杂草抗药性及其治理策略研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了杂草抗药性产生机理、杂草抗药性演化影响因素,并对其治理途径进行阐述,为杂草抗药性治理提供参考。除草剂抗药机制分为靶标抗性、非靶标抗性,其中靶标抗性包括除草剂作用位点改变、基因倍增及过量表达;非靶标抗性主要包括代谢解毒能力增强、屏蔽作用或与作用位点的隔离作用等。杂草抗药性演化受多种因素共同影响,不仅包括抗药性突变频率、除草剂选择压、杂草适合度及杂草种子库寿命四大因素,还与基因突变和遗传特征直接相关。在未来的杂草治理中,要经常进行田间杂草调查与鉴定,正确使用除草剂(交替使用、混用),并辅以合理的农艺管理措施来减缓杂草抗药性的演化速度。同时,应加强植物间化感作用的基础研究。 相似文献
8.
八种除草剂对小麦田三种抗精噁唑禾草灵杂草的生物活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为筛选能有效防除抗精噁唑禾草灵杂草的除草剂,采用温室盆栽法测定菵草(敏感S_w、抗性R_w)、日本看麦娘(敏感S_r、抗性R_r)、耿氏硬草(敏感S_y、抗性R_y)对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性水平,并研究了8种除草剂对这3种抗性杂草的生物活性。结果显示,3种杂草抗性种群对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性指数均大于33.7,已达高抗水平。3种杂草抗性种群均对同类乙酰辅酶A羧化酶类抑制剂唑啉草酯和炔草酯产生了11.6~56.5倍不等的高水平抗性。对部分乙酰乳酸合成酶类抑制剂产生了2.0~4.8倍的低水平抗性,氟唑磺隆对3种杂草抗性种群防效较差,GR_(90)为67.31~114.39g(a.i.)/hm~2;啶磺草胺仅对Rr种群防效较好,GR_(90)为4.67 g(a.i.)/hm~2;甲基二磺隆对3种杂草抗性种群防效均较好,但对Rr种群存在抗性风险,已出现2.0倍低水平抗性;磺酰磺隆对Ry和Rr种群防效较好;丙苯磺隆对Rr种群防效好。细胞分裂抑制剂氟噻草胺对3种杂草抗性种群防效均最好,在田间推荐剂量120 g(a.i.)/hm~2下可达90%以上的防效。 相似文献
9.
氟乐灵抗药性杂草研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
氟乐灵抗药性杂草研究进展黄建中，孙丙耀，李扬汉（南京农业大学杂草研究室２１００９５）Ｒａｎ于１９７０年首次公开报道欧洲千里光（Ｓｅｎｅｃｉｏｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ）对三氮苯类除草剂西玛津和阿特拉津产生抗性以来，不断有杂草对除草剂产生抗性的报道。杂草抗药性问... 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
杂草对ACCase抑制剂的抗性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）为作用靶标的除草剂是高效、选择性的禾本科杂草除草剂,其在全球范围内的广泛、重复使用,导致了抗药性杂草的发生和发展。到目前为止,已经在30个国家有37种抗此类除草剂的杂草生物型。抗药性杂草严重威胁杂草治理和农业生产,由此引发的生态问题及粮食安全问题引起了广泛的关注。文章概述了ACCase抑制剂抗药性杂草的发生现状,从杂草ACCase突变、代谢解毒等几个方面综述了杂草抗ACCase抑制剂的抗性机制,以期为ACCase抑制剂抗性研究提供参考。最后讨论了阻止或延缓抗药性发生的杂草管理措施。 相似文献
13.
Perspectives on transgenic,herbicide‐resistant crops in the United States almost 20 years after introduction 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Stephen O Duke 《Pest management science》2015,71(5):652-657
Herbicide‐resistant crops have had a profound impact on weed management. Most of the impact has been by glyphosate‐resistant maize, cotton, soybean and canola. Significant economic savings, yield increases and more efficacious and simplified weed management have resulted in widespread adoption of the technology. Initially, glyphosate‐resistant crops enabled significantly reduced tillage and reduced the environmental impact of weed management. Continuous use of glyphosate with glyphosate‐resistant crops over broad areas facilitated the evolution of glyphosate‐resistant weeds, which have resulted in increases in the use of tillage and other herbicides with glyphosate, reducing some of the initial environmental benefits of glyphosate‐resistant crops. Transgenic crops with resistance to auxinic herbicides, as well as to herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, stacked with glyphosate and/or glufosinate resistance, will become available in the next few years. These technologies will provide additional weed management options for farmers, but will not have all of the positive effects (reduced cost, simplified weed management, lowered environmental impact and reduced tillage) that glyphosate‐resistant crops had initially. In the more distant future, other herbicide‐resistant crops (including non‐transgenic ones), herbicides with new modes of action and technologies that are currently in their infancy (e.g. bioherbicides, sprayable herbicidal RNAi and/or robotic weeding) may affect the role of transgenic, herbicide‐resistant crops in weed management. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献
14.
Rabiatuladawiyah Ruzmi Muhammad S. Ahmad‐Hamdani Baki B. Bakar 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(1):3-16
The management of weeds in Malaysian rice fields is very much herbicide‐based. The heavy reliance on herbicide for weed control by many rice‐growers arguably eventually has led to the development and evolution of herbicide‐resistant biotypes in Malaysian rice fields over the years. The continuous use of synthetic auxin (phenoxy group) herbicides and acetohydroxyacid synthase‐inhibiting herbicides to control rice weeds was consequential in leading to the emergence and prevalence of resistant weed biotypes. This review discusses the history and confirmed cases and incidence of herbicide‐resistant weeds in Malaysian rice fields. It also reviews the Clearfield Production System and its impact on the evolution of herbicide resistance among rice weed species and biotypes. This review also emphasizes the strategies and management options for herbicide‐resistant rice field weeds within the framework of herbicide‐based integrated weed management. These include the use of optimum tillage practices, certified clean seeds, increased crop competition through high seeding rates, crop rotation, the application of multiple modes of action of herbicides in annual rotations, tank mixtures and sequential applications to enable a broad spectrum of weed control, increase the selective control of noxious weed species in a field and help to delay the resistance evolution by reducing the selection pressure that is forced on those weed populations by a specific herbicidal mode of action. 相似文献
15.
Wilson RG Young BG Matthews JL Weller SC Johnson WG Jordan DL Owen MD Dixon PM Shaw DR 《Pest management science》2011,67(7):771-780
BACKGROUND: Weed management in glyphosate‐resistant (GR) maize, cotton and soybean in the United States relies almost exclusively on glyphosate, which raises criticism for facilitating shifts in weed populations. In 2006, the benchmark study, a field‐scale investigation, was initiated in three different GR cropping systems to characterize academic recommendations for weed management and to determine the level to which these recommendations would reduce weed population shifts. RESULTS: A majority of growers used glyphosate as the only herbicide for weed management, as opposed to 98% of the academic recommendations implementing at least two herbicide active ingredients and modes of action. The additional herbicides were applied with glyphosate and as soil residual treatments. The greater herbicide diversity with academic recommendations reduced weed population densities before and after post‐emergence herbicide applications in 2006 and 2007, particularly in continuous GR crops. CONCLUSION: Diversifying herbicides reduces weed population densities and lowers the risk of weed population shifts and the associated potential for the evolution of glyphosate‐resistant weeds in continuous GR crops. Altered weed management practices (e.g. herbicides or tillage) enabled by rotating crops, whether GR or non‐GR, improves weed management and thus minimizes the effectiveness of only using chemical tactics to mitigate weed population shifts. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Weed biology serves practical weed management 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R C VAN ACKER 《Weed Research》2009,49(1):1-5
Weed science is an applied science that serves practical weed management. Traditionally, effective weed management has been dependent upon farmers gaining knowledge of the characteristics of the weeds they were managing. The advent of herbicides has not made this knowledge-based approach redundant and problems, including herbicide resistant weeds, have made weed biology studies necessary even in the herbicide era. Weed populations continue to evolve and weed problems persist, sustaining a requirement for effective management strategies. In this paper, we exhibit several approaches to linking weed biology studies to practical weed management. These approaches demonstrate both the value of and synergy between an in-depth knowledge of weed biology and weed management practices to provide practical solutions in the field. 相似文献
17.
In 2003, a random survey was conducted across the Western Australian wheatbelt to establish the extent and frequency of herbicide resistance in Raphanus raphanistrum populations infesting crop fields. Five hundred cropping fields were visited, with 90 R. raphanistrum populations collected, representative of populations present in crop fields throughout the Western Australian wheatbelt. Collected populations were screened with four herbicides of various modes of action that are commonly used for the control of this weed. The majority of Western Australian R. raphanistrum populations were found to contain plants resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron (54%) and auxin analogue herbicide, 2,4‐D amine (60%). This survey also determined that over half (58%) of these populations were multiple resistant across at least two of the four herbicide modes of action used in the screening. Only 17% of R. raphanistrum populations have retained their initial status of susceptibility to all four herbicides. The distribution patterns of the herbicide‐resistant populations identified that there were higher frequencies of resistant and developing resistance populations occurring in the intensively cropped northern regions of the wheatbelt. These results clearly indicate that the reliance on herbicidal weed control in cropping systems based on reduced tillage and stubble retention will lead to higher frequencies of herbicide‐resistant weed populations. Therefore, within intensive crop production systems, there is a need to diversify weed management strategies and not rely entirely on too few herbicide control options. 相似文献
18.
The development of acetolactate synthase (ALS) tolerant sugar beet provides new opportunities for weed control in sugar beet cultivation. The system consists of an ALS?inhibiting herbicide (foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone‐methyl) and a herbicide‐tolerant sugar beet variety. Previously, the use of ALS‐inhibitors in sugar beet was limited due to the susceptibility of the crop to active ingredients from this mode of action. The postulated benefits of cultivation of the ALS‐tolerant sugar beet are associated with potential risks. Up to now, with no relevant proportion of herbicide‐tolerant crops in Germany, ALS‐inhibitors are used in many different crops. An additional use in sugar beet cultivation could increase the selection pressure for ALS‐resistant weeds. To evaluate the impact of varying intensity of ALS‐inhibitor use on two weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides and Tripleurospermum perforatum) in a crop rotation, field trials were conducted in Germany in two locations from 2014 to 2017. Weed densities, genetic resistance background and crop yields were annually assessed. The results indicate that it is possible to control ALS‐resistant weeds with an adapted herbicide strategy in a crop rotation including herbicide‐tolerant sugar beet. According to the weed density and species, the herbicide strategy must be extended to graminicide treatment in sugar beet, and a residual herbicide must be used in winter wheat. The spread of resistant biotypes in our experiments could not be attributed to the integration of herbicide‐tolerant cultivars, although the application of ALS‐inhibitors promoted the development of resistant weed populations. Annual use of ALS‐inhibitors resulted in significant high weed densities and caused seriously yield losses. Genetic analysis of surviving weed plants confirmed the selection of ALS‐resistant biotypes. 相似文献