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1.
采用对扣法研究11株木霉菌株挥发性物质对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果,采用固相微萃取和气质联用技术对挥发性物质进行成分分析。结果表明,不同木霉菌株产生的挥发性物质的种类和含量差异较大。11株木霉共检出257种挥发性物质,均能检测到六甲基环三硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷两种化合物;聚类分析在相关系数距离为19时,可将11株木霉菌株归为三大类;257种挥发性物质可简化为3个主成分,包含30种挥发性物质,不同木霉挥发性物质主成分得分与拮抗尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率之间极显著相关,表明11株木霉菌株对尖孢镰刀菌均有抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
《中国稻米》2020,(4)
为了明确哈茨木霉和短密木霉对水稻立枯病菌的拮抗作用,采用对峙培养、发酵液、非挥发性和挥发性抑制物抑菌活性检测,分析了哈茨木霉和短密木霉对引起寒地水稻立枯病4种病原菌的拮抗活性。结果表明,2种木霉菌对4种病原菌均有一定的抑制作用。对峙培养,哈茨木霉对尖孢镰孢菌的抑制率最高为79.04%,短密木霉对禾谷镰孢菌的抑制率最高为88.65%。2种木霉非挥发性物质对4种病原菌抑制作用均较强,其中,对禾谷镰孢菌抑制作用最强,抑制率分别为66.78%和70.12%。通过几丁质酶活性测定,发现哈茨木霉比短密木霉产生更高的几丁质酶活性。本研究结果可为研发木霉复合菌制剂防治水稻立枯病奠定基础。 相似文献
3.
筛选用于防治大豆尖孢镰刀菌根腐病的木霉菌株 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
采用平板对峙培养、温室盆栽的方法筛选来自黑龙江省海伦大豆轮作区的木霉菌,用于防治大豆尖孢镰刀菌根腐病.共测试了80个木霉菌株,筛选出3个防治效果较好的木霉菌株MM35、MM9、MM3 ,相对防效分别为26.95%～66.34%、21.52%～63.70%、22.78%～51.05%.盆栽试验表明MM35能够降低大豆根腐病的主要病原菌-尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)在土壤中的种群数目.其中MM9对大豆植株能起到增生作用,MM35、MM3则无明显的促生作用. 相似文献
4.
生防微生物BRF-1对大豆根腐病的拮抗作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
BRF-1是从大豆根际分离获得的生防细菌(Bacillus spp.).平板对峙培养结果表明,该菌对大豆根腐病4种主要病原菌大豆尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、腐霉菌(Pythiumspp.)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和茄腐镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)具有很强的拮抗作用.进一步盆栽试验发现,BRF-1的不同处理不仅可以有效抑制由尖孢镰刀菌引起大豆根腐病发生,而且还具有促进幼苗生长的作用,是一株极有希望的生防微生物. 相似文献
5.
玉米大斑病拮抗细菌的分离与筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用土壤稀释法从玉米根际土壤中分离得到1 182株细菌菌株,从中筛选对玉米大斑病菌具有较强拮抗的菌株24个。对24株拮抗菌抗菌谱的测定结果表明,KD16-13、KJ2-01对水稻稻瘟病菌、马铃薯早疫病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、尖孢镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌、链格孢菌、番茄枯萎病菌具有较强的拮抗作用且抑菌效果明显。 相似文献
6.
木霉菌是土壤生态系统中重要的微生物种群。为明确我国东北地区大豆田中木霉菌种群多样性及生防活性,2012~2014年在东北三省大豆产区采集土壤样品147份,采用稀释法和土壤颗粒平板法进行木霉菌的分离和培养,共获得木霉菌菌株237株。经系统鉴定发现包含木霉属真菌15个种,其中优势种哈茨木霉77株,分离频率为32.49%;深绿木霉49株,分离频率为20.68%。其中辽宁省和吉林省土样分离出木霉菌数量较多,黑龙江省的较少。橘绿木霉、螺旋木霉在辽宁省和黑龙江省均有发现,可育木霉、猬木霉、侧钩木霉、棘孢木霉和硬毛木霉只在辽宁省发现。在所分离的木霉菌株中有2株木霉菌株sneft-s57(1),sneft-l50(2)杀线虫活性最高,对禾谷镰刀菌、丝核菌也有很强的抑制作用。 相似文献
7.
对定西李家堡镇、十八里铺镇、巉口镇的小扁豆根腐病植株进行了分离,得到了130株镰刀菌单孢株系,经鉴定为6个种,其中尖孢镰刀菌100株,所占比例最大,为76.96%,茄病镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、接骨木镰刀菌、锐顶镰镰刀菌所占比例分别为9.00%、7.00%、3.90%、0.70%、3.08%。盆栽致病性测定结果表明尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌都有致病性,是小扁豆根腐病的病原菌,其中尖孢镰刀菌为优势病原菌,并且茄病镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌作为小扁豆根腐病病原在国内首次报道。幼苗接种结果表明小扁豆在发芽第8 d发病率最高,在胚根中部和基部侵染率高。 相似文献
8.
大豆根腐病菌拮抗细菌筛选及抗生作用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
从大豆根际土壤中分离纯化得到388个细菌菌株,从中筛选对大豆根腐病病原尖孢镰刀菌(Fusaritm oxysporum)、茄腐镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)有拮抗作用的菌株,采用无菌室内点接法初筛,抑菌带大于20mm以上的有12株,通过盆栽防效试验,进一步证明12个菌株中有6个菌株盆栽防治尖孢镰刀菌和立枯丝核菌达到46.0%-78.5%.菌株与病原真菌共培养结果显示,菌株B2、B57、B85和B69使尖孢镰刀菌菌丝干重分别减少51.27%,40.78%、38.87%和34.58%;菌株B57使茄腐镰刀菌菌丝干重减少71.48%.菌株分泌物对病原真菌的拮抗作用研究结果表明,B57的分泌物对尖孢镰刀菌抑制率最高,3d为82.1%,6d为90.6%;其次是B16,3d为58.8%,6d为51.1%. 相似文献
9.
本研究利用对峙培养及发酵液、挥发性物质的抑菌活性测定,分析了7株木霉菌对火龙果溃疡病菌、煤烟病菌和白绢病菌的拮抗作用,并测定木霉菌几丁质酶活性。结果表明：通过对峙培养发现7株木霉菌对火龙果3种病原菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中木霉菌HL135、FJ069和2325-2分别对火龙果溃疡病菌、煤烟病菌和白绢病菌抑制率最大,其抑制率分别为(67.60±0.85)%、(84.85±5.25)%和(80.63±1.20)%。7株木霉菌的发酵液和挥发性物质对3种病原菌也有不同程度的抑制作用。通过对木霉菌几丁质酶活性测定,发现木霉菌SC012具有较高的几丁质酶活性。这些结果将为开发木霉菌复合制剂防治火龙果病害提供理论基础。 相似文献
10.
木霉菌具有抑制植物病原真菌生长的能力,因而成为开发土传根部病害生防菌的首选之一。利用对峙培养法,测定8个木霉菌菌株对3个橡胶树红根病病原真菌的体外拮抗作用,并对筛选出来的木霉菌进行相互间的对峙培养分析。结果表明：有6个木霉菌对3个红根病病原菌具有显著拮抗效果;所选出的6个木霉菌之间尽管多数可以共存,但存在空间和营养竞争,尤其是棘孢木霉,很容易被其它木霉菌抑制和侵占,因此,在今后使用时不适宜混配。该实验结果可为进一步筛选和利用生防菌防治橡胶树根部病害提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
用甘蔗渣做诱导剂比较研究了大型腐生真菌（ＰｌｅｕｒｏｔｕｓＳｏｊｏｒ一ｃａｊｕ）同木霉菌（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒ－ｍａＶｉｒｉｄｅ）纤维素酶活力的差异，结果表明：１．大型腐生真菌产酶开始时间不如木霉菌早，产酶高峰也比木霉菌来得晚，但产酶时间长；２．在加有１％浓度四硼酸钠的碱性培养基上，不论木霉菌还是大型腐生真菌，其纤维素酶活力均最高；３．不同类型的碳源对大型腐生真菌的酶活性无明显影响，但低浓度的盐，特别是醋酸钠盐可大大提高纤维素酶水解ＣＭＣ的能力 相似文献
12.
13.
Andrea Minuto Giovanni Minuto Quirico Migheli Massimo Mocioni M.Lodovica Gullino 《Crop Protection》1997,16(8):765-769
The ability of antagonistic Fusarium spp. to control Fusarium wilt of basil caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici was tested under glasshouse conditions from 1994 to 1996. Fusarium oxysporum antagonistic strain 251/2, a protoplast fusion-derived hybrid coded FI-11 and F. moniliforme strains TF4 and TF4 RB were able to decrease (P = 0.05) the incidence of Fusarium wilt significantly. Biocontrol was consistent, especially when the antagonists were applied by mixing a talc preparation of propagules in the substrate (105 CFU/ml of substrate) 1–2 weeks before sowing or at sowing. Seed coating with the biocontrol strains (108 CFU/g of seed) did not generally provide sufficient disease containment, whereas the combination of substrate treatment and seed coating did not improve wilt control in comparison with substrate treatment alone. Two commercial formulations, based on antagonistic F. oxysporum strains and one containing the antagonistic strain K61 of Streptomyces griseoviridis, were generally not sufficiently effective at the tested dosages. 相似文献
14.
Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is prone to many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, of which the most detrimental are those caused by fungi. Two of the most important fungal pathogens are Sclerotinia and Phomopsis. Within the genus Sclerotinia, both S. minor and S. sclerotiorum cause a basal stalk rot and subsequent wilt of sunflower, with S. sclerotiorum more widely distributed around the world. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum also incites a head rot and mid-stem rot of sunflower. Since Sclerotinia spp. have a very wide host range and can persist in soil as dormant sclerotia for up to 10 years, the pathogens have been extremely difficult to control with either generic resistance or fungicides. The most effective control is the use of long rotations, tolerant hybrids, and sclerotium-free seed. Gray stem spot is a relatively new disease of sunflower first observed in the early 1980s in Yugoslavia and now considered the most devastating sunflower disease in eastern Europe. Symptoms include large stem cankers and subsequent wilt. Phomopsis helianthi has been identified as one incitant of gray stem spot, but another Phomopsis species may also be involved, both in Europe and in the United States. Foliar fungicides can control gray stem spot, but the development of resistant hybrids has been much more cost-effective. 相似文献
15.
B. Dasrat A. Rajkumar C. Richards-Haynes C. Quashie-Williams D. Eastwood 《Crop Protection》1997,16(8):723-726
In 1989, a mass production and field release programme of Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the control of the Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugar-cane, was initiated by the Guyana Sugar Corporation. The programme was terminated in 1995 after the release of approximately two million adult parasites resulted in a mean field parasitism in Diatraea spp. larvae of only 0.22%. In contrast, 62% of Diatraea spp. larvae were parasitised in vitro as were 32% of larvae in young cane shoots exposed to A. pyralophagus in the laboratory. Neither Diatraea larvae in young cane plants caged in the field nor those recovered from Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc. and Paspalum virgatum L. around release fields showed any parasitism by A. pyralophagus. The reasons for the low rate of host acquisition outside the laboratory are not known, but it is clear that A. pyralophagus offers little prospect for significant control of Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella in sugar-cane in Guyana. 相似文献
16.
T. Baicu 《Crop Protection》1982,1(3):349-358
The toxicity of several fungicides, insecticides and acaricides to the important biological control agent Trichoderma viride Pers. has been evaluated in the laboratory. The effects of the pesticides on the spores and mycelium of T. viride and on the antagonistic activity of this fungus to Fusarium graminearum are reported. The insecticides cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, kelevan, carbaryl, carbaryl plus gamma-HCH (lindane), dimethoate, trichlorfon, diazinon, ethion and permethrin and the fungicides wettable sulfur, quinomethionate, dinocap, copper oxychloride and folpet were non-toxic to both the spores and the mycelium of T. viride. 相似文献
17.
青稞根腐病与青稞全蚀病是西藏青稞的常见根部病害,为筛选适合于防治青稞全蚀病与根腐病的毛壳菌,通过皿内拮抗试验、发酵粗提物抑菌试验和温室盆栽防效试验对4株毛壳菌的抑菌活性进行了鉴定,通过形态学和分子生物学方法对高活性菌株进行了鉴定。结果发现,在皿内拮抗试验中,毛壳菌41-4在培养第7天至第9天时,对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到60.00%和44.44%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.4cm。培养7d时毛壳菌41-4发酵粗提物对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到64.44%和60.00%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.5cm。在温室盆栽防效试验中,毛壳菌41-4对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的发病严重度和病情指数均有降低作用,防效分别达到62.67%和39.45%。结合形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(rDNAITS)序列构建系统发育树,将菌株41-4鉴定为球毛壳菌Chaetomium globosum。该生防菌株可用于开发微生物菌肥,对西藏的无公害农业生产和保护西藏的原生态具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
E.G. Ruppel R. Baker G.E. Harman J.P. Hubbard R.J. Hecker I. Chet 《Crop Protection》1983,2(4):399-408
In field studies, mean stands of crops of snapbean, field corn, pea, soybean, and squash in New York were somewhat greater from seeds treated with conidia of Trichoderma harzianum applied in a Methocel slurry than from non-treated controls; however, stands were generally poorer than those from captan-treated seed. The biocontrol agent and captan had little effect on kidney bean and sweet corn since these crops are only slightly susceptible to seedling disease caused by Pythium spp. which were present in the field. In Colorado fields also infested with Pythium spp., stands of sugar beet from T. harzianum-treated seed (Pelgel slurry) tended to be greater than those from non-treated seed and equal to those from maneb-treated seed, but differences were not significant. In Colorado, Rhizoctonia solani, cause of root rot, was also present in the soil. A combined analysis of variance of treatments across 2 years showed that a preplanting-incorporated in-row application of T. harzianum in a wheat-bran carrier or a maneb seed treatment slightly, but significantly, reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot in sugar beet as compared with the non-treated control. Seed treatments with T. harzianum had little or no effect. In plots where the agent was applied to the soil, numbers of Trichoderma propagules increased 600-fold by harvest; where maneb seed treatment was used, they increased only fivefold. Densities of the agent remained the same or decreased in plots where Trichoderma was used as a seed treatment. 相似文献