共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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Attention helps us process potentially important objects by selectively increasing the activity of sensory neurons that represent the relevant locations and features of our environment. This selection process requires top-down feedback about what is important in our environment. We investigated how parietal cortical output influences neural activity in early sensory areas. Neural recordings were made simultaneously from the posterior parietal cortex and an earlier area in the visual pathway, the medial temporal area, of macaques performing a visual matching task. When the monkey selectively attended to a location, the timing of activities in the two regions became synchronized, with the parietal cortex leading the medial temporal area. Parietal neurons may thus selectively increase activity in earlier sensory areas to enable focused spatial attention. 相似文献
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Certain tasks which increase attention to stimuli also elicit the contingent negative variation and increase the amplitude of the P300 component of the sensory evoked response. Therefore it appeared possible that the contingent negative variation and attention-related increases in P300 are either confounded by artifact or generated by common neural mechanisms. The fact that we have recorded attention-related increases in P300 amplitude independent of corresponding systematic changes in contingent negative variation indicates that neither of these possibilities is correct. The two phenomena are independently variable modulations of cortical activity. 相似文献
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An afterimage induced by prior adaptation to a visual stimulus is believed to be due to bleaching of photochemical pigments or neural adaptation in the retina. We report a type of afterimage that appears to require cortical adaptation. Fixating a neon-color spreading configuration led not only to negative afterimages corresponding to the inducers (local afterimages), but also to one corresponding to the perceptually filled-in surface during adaptation (global afterimage). These afterimages were mutually exclusive, undergoing monocular rivalry. The strength of the global afterimage correlated to a greater extent with perceptual filling-in during adaptation than with the strength of the local afterimages. Thus, global afterimages are not merely by-products of local afterimages, but involve adaptation at a cortical representation of surface. 相似文献
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During learning, neural responses decrease over repeated exposure to identical stimuli. This repetition suppression is thought to reflect a progressive optimization of neuronal responses elicited by the task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the neural basis of associative learning of visual objects and their locations. As expected, activation in specialized cortical areas decreased with time. However, with path analysis it was shown that, in parallel to this adaptation, increases in effective connectivity occurred between distinct cortical systems specialized for spatial and object processing. The time course of these plastic changes was highly correlated with individual learning performance, suggesting that interactions between brain areas underlie associative learning. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨关于自然选择单位的4种学说的内在联系。[方法]通过建立数学模型,探讨遗传群体杂合子适合度取值范围,阐明自然选择单位的4种学说的内在联系。[结果]根据研究中建立的数学模型,发现突变基因必须在纯和杂2方面都满足自然选择的要求,而且能在杂合状态下表现出高适合度,才更容易被保留下来,这就兼顾到个体的适应与集体的适应。从而在理论上统一了个体选择,集体选择,基因选择及木村资生的中性学说。[结论]该研究结果显示关于自然选择单位的4种学说是可共存的,彼此间分享了一个共同的前提。 相似文献
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土地利用规划中人口预测模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在描述人口自然增长模型、加权平均增长模型、回归预测模型和GM（1,1）预测模型的特点和适用条件的基础上,以河南省固始县为例,依据1991~2007年《固始县统计年鉴》中的人口统计资料数据,分别建立4组模型对其人口变化情况进行拟合,同时预测2008~2009年人口规模对其进行精度验证。分析检验结果显示,人口自然增长模型预测结果精度不高,加权平均增长模型在人口总规模不稳定时预测结果不科学,GM（1,1）模型和回归模型的结果与实际数据符合程度较好,可采用两者的平均值作为最终预测结果。 相似文献
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The segment of the internal capsule which carries axons relating to the sensorimotor cortex does not closely adjoin the caudate in the monkey as it does in the cat. Therefore, in seeking evidence for caudate-induced cortical responses, activation of the adjoining internal capsule by stimulus spread can be avoided. In the monkey, caudate stimulation never produced cortical responses, and only capsule stimulation evoked the potential complex which has been attributed to caudate stimulation in the cat. 相似文献
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李小聪 《农业图书情报学刊》2014,26(12):209-212
党的十八大报告提出了坚持走中国特色的新型城镇化战略。新型城镇化的核心是实现‘人’的城镇化,‘人’的城镇化的关键在于实现‘农民’向‘市民’的转化。这种转化的进程取决于农村人力资源与人力资源所处开发环境之间的五个适配性：区域文化环境适配性、技术环境适配性、教育环境适配性、自然环境适配性和开发政策环境适配性。 相似文献
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Prefrontal neurons engaged by working memory tasks express a sequence of phasic and tonic activations linked to a train of sensory, mnemonic, and response-related events. Here, we report that the dopamine D2 receptor selectively modulates the neural activities associated with memory-guided saccades in oculomotor delayed-response tasks yet has little or no effect on the persistent mnemonic-related activity, which is instead modulated by D1 receptors. This associates the D2 receptor with a specific component of working memory circuitry and fractionates the modulatory effects of D1 and D2 receptors on the neural machinery of a cognitive process. 相似文献
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The inversion of sensory processing by feedback pathways: a model of visual cognitive functions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The mammalian visual system has a hierarchic structure with extensive reciprocal connections. A model is proposed in which the feedback pathways serve to modify afferent sensory stimuli in ways that enhance and complete sensory input patterns, suppress irrelevant features, and generate quasi-sensory patterns when afferent stimulation is weak or absent. Such inversion of sensory coding and feature extraction can be achieved by optimization processes in which scalar responses derived from high-level neural analyzers are used as cost functions to modify the filter properties of more peripheral sensory relays. An optimization algorithm, Alopex, which is used in the model, is readily implemented with known neural circuitry. The functioning of the system is investigated by computer simulations. 相似文献
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基于SSD模型的巢门蜜蜂检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统蜜蜂监测多依靠人力和经验,信息化水平低,蜂群自动化监测得到广泛关注。近年来,基于深度学习的目标检测发展迅速,并在多领域取得很好的应用效果。SSD模型是一种基于卷积神经网络的目标检测模型,具有快速和准确率高的优势。蜂巢口光照多变、环境复杂,蜂群本身也具有互相遮挡和阴影等复杂情况。采用SSD模型对巢门区蜜蜂检测和数据统计,结果表明,提出的方法在少量、一般和较多蜜蜂数量情况下准确率分别达到96.34%、92.52%和88.06%,比传统方法分别提高11%、19%和25%,且对光照、天气、拍摄距离等环境有很强的适应性,能检测处理蜜蜂阴影、虚化、遮挡等复杂状况。研究结果为蜂群巢外监测提供有力支持,也为基于蜜蜂跟踪的进出量统计奠定了基础。 相似文献
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杂草的形成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
顾德兴 《南京农业大学学报》1987,(4)
杂草的形成是自然选择和人工选择共同作用的结果,其形成机制与杂交,特别是渗入杂交(inerogressire hybridization)有着极为密切的关系。无融合生殖(apomixis)、染色体加倍或减少也都是杂草形成的重要方式。 本文还从自然和人工选择讨论了杂草不同生活习性的形成,并分析了一年生、二年生和多年生杂草对环境的适应和环境对杂草的选择;自花传粉对杂草后代生存和繁衍的重要性;杂草中种子大小的选择意义化及人工选择所产生的拟态种(mimicus)对环境适应的特点。 最后,还讨论了受人工干扰生境的变化和杂草在这变化环境中的变异情况。 相似文献
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土壤样品中重金属化学形态模型的发展与应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
土壤中重金属的化学形态与其生物有效性和环境迁移性密切相关。相比于实验室分析手段,化学模型计算具有能揭示化学形态分布全景指纹和具有预测能力的优势。文章综述了天然环境样品中元素化学形态模型的发展、经验性和机理性模型的特征、离子在天然有机质(以NICA-Donnan模型为例)和金属氧化物(以CD-MUSIC模型为例)吸附的先进表面络合模型、建立环境样品机理性模型面临的挑战。重点就天然有机质、金属氧化物和"活性"重金属总量等模型输入值的确定方法作了介绍,并结合镉和砷分别作为金属阳离子和含氧阴离子的典型代表,具体阐述了模型在土壤中重金属元素化学形态分布上的应用。总结了机理性化学形态模型在天然环境样品应用的发展现状,并对模型应用面临的问题和后期的发展做出了展望。 相似文献
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郝志红 《农业图书情报学刊》2005,17(10):13-14,17
贺兰山岩画是研究曾经生活在这里游牧民族的社会、经济、文化生活活动的重要依据。通过对这一艺术化史料的分析和研究,可以看出古代游牧民族对地理环境的适应,对动物的饲养,以及日常生活中所形成的独特文化内容。 相似文献
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Stratigraphic patterns preserved under translating surface undulations or ripples in a depositional eolian environment are computed on a grain by grain basis using physically based cellular automata models. The spontaneous appearance, growth, and motion of the simulated ripples correspond in many respects to the behavior of natural ripples. The simulations show that climbing strata can be produced by impact alone; direct action of fluid shear is unnecessary. The model provides a means for evaluating the connection between mechanical processes occurring in the paleoenvironment during deposition and the resulting stratigraphy preserved in the geologic column: vertical compression of small laminae above a planar surface indicates nascent ripple growth; supercritical laminae are associated with unusually intense deposition episodes; and a plane erosion surface separating sets of well-developed laminae is consistent with continued migration of mature ripples during a hiatus in deposition. 相似文献
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基于个体植物生长模型的森林动态演替模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
森林动态演替过程的计算模拟历来是森林生态学中的一个重要问题。不同于传统宏观式的模拟思路,本文提出了一种基于个体植物生长模型、自下而上的模拟方法。首先构建了参数化的个体植物生长模型,模型中考虑了植物内部属性、外部环境、邻域竞争3种对植物生长有影响的因素,综合模拟出植物在不同环境状况下的生长变化情况。在此基础上,对构成一片森林的大量植物个体进行遍历式、迭代化的计算,从而模拟出整片森林区域的生长演替现象。实验结果表明,本文方法可以模拟出植被在复杂外部环境影响下的动态变化效果,可表现出自然稀疏、物种竞争、物种演替等多种典型的植被演替现象。 相似文献
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基于大兴安岭地区100块兴安落叶松天然林样地的调查数据,选用43个基础模型对兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)的直径分布和树高分布进行拟合,用10个基础模型对兴安落叶松的树高与直径关系进行回归模拟,求解模型参数值并用均方根误差(RMSE)、和相对误差(Bi)进行检验与评价。结果表明:Exp3P2模型的精度最高,可以很好的拟合兴安落叶松直径分布;柯列尔模型为最优兴安落叶松树高分布模型;树高与直径相关关系模型拟合与检验结果最优为Wykoffl模型。 相似文献