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1.
史氏鲟南移驯养及生物学的研究:Ⅱ.几种环境因子对仔鱼的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
非离子氨对史氏鲟早期仔鱼７２和９６小时的ＬＣ５０分别为０６８和０６３ｍｇ／Ｌ;对晚期仔鱼的８、１２、１４、４８、７２和９６小时的ＬＣ５０分别为０５０、０４３、０３５、０２６、０２１和０１７ｍｇ／Ｌ,当浓度达到０３５ｍｇ／Ｌ时,在１７小时内造成试验鱼全部死亡。４８小时内造成早期仔鱼５０％死亡的总铁浓度为５００ｍｇ／Ｌ。史氏鲟仔鱼对ｐＨ忍耐性的上限和下限分别为９２５和３６０,立刻致死的ｐＨ值分别为２０９—２５０和１０１０—１０００。 相似文献
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本文对草鱼细胞和病毒的两种大规模培养方式进行了研究和比较。静置培养条件下，细胞生长速度快，２—３天内可形成单层，单层均匀而稳定；旋转培养条件下，细胞７天左右长成单层，细胞单层面积大，病毒培养产量高。这两种培养方式所观察到的细胞病变过程及表征基本相同，病毒的ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍｌ值稳定在６．０左右。采用这两种培养方式，可实现草鱼细胞和病毒的大规模培养。 相似文献
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草鱼出血病细胞培养灭活疫苗旋转瓶法大规模生产工艺↑（*） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Ｃａｒｅｌ氏瓶静置培养草鱼ＣＩＫ细胞,细胞２～３ｄ内长成单层,细胞单层均匀而稳定;旋转瓶培养,细胞７ｄ左右长成单层,细胞单层面积大,病毒培养产量高。２种方式所培养病毒的ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍｌ值稳定在６．０左右。０．１％福尔马林４℃条件下灭活病毒材料１７ｄ制备疫苗,疫苗性能稳定,安全性好。疫苗效力检验结果表明,注射免疫１０ｄ和浸泡免疫１０ｄ后,免疫鱼体内血清中和抗体效价分别为１０７．９±１１．０（３）和６８．５±９．９（３）,免疫保护力分别为（７７．１±８．９）％（３）和（７３．９±８．３）％（３）,与对照组相比差异显著。本研究建立了草鱼细胞培养灭活疫苗大规模生产工艺流程,进行了较大规模的疫苗生产和生产性免疫试验,免疫草鱼成活率平均达到８５％以上。 相似文献
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吉安地区有大中型水库３７座，可养鱼水面５３１３．３ｈｍ２，大多属富营养型或中富营养型水域，其浮游植物有２３３种，生物量１．１７５—２４．０２７ｍｇ／ｌ，浮游动物有１４０种，生物量０．４２４－２９．１０７ｍｇ／ｌ。合计鱼产力为２５０．５—６０１．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，平均４０３．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。 相似文献
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面包酵母添加光合细菌和Vc后培养轮虫的效果 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
采用种群累积培养法,在控温３２℃条件下进行实验,观察在面包酵母中加入光合细菌和维生素Ｃ培养萼花臂尾轮虫的效果。结果表明,光合细菌对该轮虫的种群增长有明显的促进作用。在酵母液中加入１％～１０％的光合细菌液（菌液的浓度为１０×１０８～１３×１０８ｃｅｌ／ｍｌ）,轮虫种群密度可增长４～５倍。维生素Ｃ的添加量在０．０２ｍｇ／ｍｌ时,对轮虫的种群增长有促进作用;在０．１ｍｇ／ｍｌ时,其促长作用显著;在本实验设计范围内,当浓度等于或高于０．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ时,由于极大地降低了培养液的ｐＨ值,导致轮虫死亡。 相似文献
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草鱼出血病病毒高滴度培养方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对草鱼出血病病毒 854株高滴价培养的几种方法进行了的研究 ,现将结果报告如下 :材料和方法1 细胞 :草鱼肾脏组织细胞系 (ＣＩＫ) (左文功 ,1986 ) ,培养基为含 10 %小牛血清的ＣＡＳ。2 病毒 :草鱼出血病病毒 854株 ,维持液为 2 %小牛血清的ＣＡＳ。3 高滴价培养方法3 1 用 854株病毒接种刚生长成单层的ＣＩＫ细胞系 (区别于致密单层细胞 ,下同 )。病毒接种量为维持液量的 1/ 10 ,2 8℃吸附 6 0分钟后 ,添加维持液 ,2 8℃培养 ,观察细胞病变过程 ,测定病毒的ＴＣＩＤ50 /ｍｌ。3 2 精氨酸处理 在接种病毒时 ,向病毒液中加入浓… 相似文献
7.
氯化钾在海胆苗种生产中的应用综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了ＫＣｌ在诱导亲海胆排放精卵,八腕幼虫附着变态,稚海胆剥离方面的应用０．１～０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ可刺激亲海胆性腺强烈收缩而排放精卵;１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ诱导处理红海胆八腕幼虫５ｍｉｎ即可全部变态为正常的稚海胆,５０～８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ剥离稚红海胆在３０ｍｉｎ以内是安全,可靠,有效的１０ｍｉｎ以内即可全剥离下来。 相似文献
8.
研究了化纤废水中主要污染物乙醛、对苯二甲酸和乙二醇对大型蚤的急性毒性及联合毒性作用。结果表明,乙醛对大型蚤４８ｈ－ＬＣ５０、９６ｈ－ＬＣ５０值分别为１６．８、４．２ｍｇ／Ｌ,安全质量浓度为０．４２ｍｇ／Ｌ;对苯二甲酸对大型蚤４８ｈ－ＬＣ５０,９６ｈ－ＬＣ５０值分别为３１６５．２、１１１１．７ｍｇ／Ｌ,安全质量浓度为１１１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ;乙二醇对大型蚤４８ｈ－ＬＣ５０、９６ｈ－ＬＣ５０值分别为３８６７ 相似文献
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The effect of two disinfectants on eggs and larvae of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, was investigated. The eggs were disinfected for 10 min using various concentrations of either glutaraldehyde (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg L?1) or iodophor (10, 50, 100 and 150 mg L?1), 1–4‐days post‐fertilization. Bactericidal effect of disinfection, survival to hatching, hatching success and larval abnormalities were assessed. Larval survival was recorded at 5‐, 10‐ and 15‐days post‐hatch (dph). Although Baltic cod eggs have an unusually thin chorion, they could tolerate surface disinfection. A reduction in bacterial growth was observed with increased concentrations of disinfectant (3.0 × 107–1.6 × 101 CFU mL?1). Abnormalities in newly hatched larvae were not related to disinfection. Survival of the yolk sac larvae was significantly better for eggs treated with 400 mg L?1 glutaraldehyde for 10 min at 10 and 15 dph. Effective disinfection was also recorded using 100 mg L?1 Actomar K30. Egg batch effect rather than initial bacterial concentration, disinfectant type or incubation method determined the survival of the eggs to hatching and survival of larvae. Because of the carcinogenic effect of glutaraldehyde, iodophor is recommended for routine disinfection of cod eggs. 相似文献
12.
在水温(23±1)℃和pH6.9~7.3下,采用半静态法研究敌百虫、二氧化氯和聚维酮碘三种常用药物对平均体质量(6.1±0.23)g的卡拉白鱼Chalcalburnus chalcoides的急性毒性。结果表明:敌百虫对卡拉白鱼的24h、48h、72h、96h半致死质量浓度分别为0.40mg/L、0.34mg/L、0.31mg/L和0.29mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.07mg/L;二氧化氯对卡拉白鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为28.18mg/L、27.16mg/L和24.93mg/L、23.00mg/L,安全质量浓度为7.57mg/L;聚维酮碘对卡拉白鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为119.91mg/L、83.87mg/L、72.78mg/L和64.61mg/L,安全质量浓度为14.13mg/L。三种药物对卡拉白鱼的毒性由高至低依次为:敌百虫二氧化氯聚维酮碘。敌百虫对卡拉白鱼毒性较强,在生产中需谨慎使用;二氧化氯和聚维酮碘的安全质量浓度高于生产中常用的泼洒浓度,可安全使用。 相似文献
13.
四种药物对斑马鱼急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究消毒液和农药对斑马鱼的毒性与安全评价,首次选用高锰酸钾、甲醛、精碘和卡螨死四种试剂进行急性毒性试验,以24～96h半致死浓度（LC50）判断斑马鱼对四种药物的敏感性。结果表明,24、48、72、96h的LC50,高锰酸钾分别：勾1．15、1．12、1．12、1．11mg／L;甲醛为48、45、45、40mg／L;精碘分别为7．8×10^-3、5．8×10^-3、5．6×10^-3、5．3×10^-3mg／L;卡螨死分别为1．95×10^-7、1．23×10^-7、0．65×10^-7、0．62×10^-7mg／L。高锰酸钾、甲醛、精碘和卡螨死的安全质量浓度（SC）分别为1．07、11．8、0．96×10^-3和1．48×10^-6mg/L。参照我国化学物质对鱼类毒性分级标准,判定高锰酸钾对斑马鱼急性毒性为II级,甲醛为Ⅲ级,精碘和卡螨死对斑马鱼急性毒性为I级。 相似文献
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以奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼为试验对象,以蛋氨酸锌为饲料锌源,研究了在饲料中添加6种浓度的锌(0、5、10、20、40和80 mg/kg)对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肌肉抗氧化功能的影响。试验周期56d。试验结果显示:饲料转化率、全鱼脂肪含量、肝脏中水分和脂肪含量随锌添加浓度的升高而降低;增重率、特定生长率、脊椎骨中锌离子含量和血液红细胞数量在锌添加浓度为10 mg/kg时达到最大值;肌肉中硫代巴比妥酸底物(TBARS)值在锌添加浓度为5 mg/kg时达到最小值。饲料中锌添加浓度为5~10 mg/kg时,奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼生长迅速,鱼体抗氧化功能增强。 相似文献
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Abstract. An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of 17α-methyiteslosterone (17-MT) on the sex reversal and growth of tilapia, Oreochromis spilurus (Günther), in brackish water (3–5 ppt) and sea water (40 ppt). Seven experiments were performed; four in brackish water and three in sea water. Yolk-sac fry (1 or 3 day age) were immersed (7 or 24 h/day) in water containing hormone at a concentration of 0–10mg/l for 4–25 days. The swim-up fry were subsequently fed either normal or hormone-impregnated diets (30–70 mg/kg) for another 35 days starting from first feeding. The growth and SGR of fry were better in groups which received hormone both in water and food as compared with water or food alone. Immersion In 5–10 ppm (24 h/day) brackish water solution for 5 days did not bring any change in growth or sex ratio. However, immersion in sea water solution for 25 days (7 h/day) at a concentration of 1 ppm induced positive growth but no change in sex ratio. Higher doses either did not affect or reduced growth and SGR but induced higher percentages (77–83%) of males. Complete masculinization (100%) was observed only in brackish water when fish were immersed in 2·5 ppm solution for 4 days (24 h/day) and later fed 50 mg/kg in diets for 35 days. These results were further confirmed when the immersion schedule was modified to 10 days (7 h/day) and feeding 50–70 mg/kg hormone. It can be concluded from these studies that in brackish water complete masculinization of O. spilurus is possible through immersion in 5·0 ppm for a minimum of 75 h followed by feeding with 50 mg/kg food for a minimum of 40 days starting from first feeding. 相似文献
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Oysters removed cornflour particles of 0–4 μm diameter at a rate significantly different (5% level) from the controls. For 4–6 μm particles the difference was significant at the 10 but not the 5% level. There were no significant differences in removal rates for 6–10 μm particles. Particles less than 5 μm in diameter seemed optimum for ingestion.The optimum concentration for riceflour particles less than 5 μm in diameter was approximately 2 mg/l; at this concentration there was maximum faecal production and minimum pseudofaecal production. The changeover point (50% producing pseudofaeces) was approximately 18 mg/l; above this concentration pseudodefaecation steadily increased until 35 mg/l, when pseudofaeces (as well as faeces) were being produced by 100% of the oysters. Similar results were obtained for riceflour, starch gluten effluent and active dried yeast, but the ranges were different. 相似文献
17.
3种消毒剂对水生动物3种主要致病菌的载体定量杀菌试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过载体定量试验对四羟甲基硫酸磷(THPS)、溴硝醇(BNP)和甲醛溶液的杀菌效果进行测定。结果表明,THPS对于嗜水气单胞菌BSK-10菌株的平均杀灭率在浓度为0.500μl/L时,在THPS与消毒剂接触5 min内即100%被杀灭。而甲醛溶液浓度为0.500μl/L时同样接触5 min杀灭率未达100%;THPS对于爱德华氏菌Et菌株的平均杀灭率与菌株BSK-10相近;而对于哈维氏弧菌GYC1108-1株的平均杀灭率在浓度为1.00μl/L时,在菌与消毒剂接触5 min内即100%被杀灭。而甲醛溶液浓度为0.500μl/L时同样接触5 min杀灭率未达100%。BNP对于菌株BSK-10的平均杀灭率在浓度为16 mg/L时,在菌与消毒剂接触5 min内即100%被杀灭;而对于菌株GYC1108-1的平均杀灭率在浓度为8 mg/L时,在菌与消毒剂接触5 min内即100%被杀灭;BNP对于菌株Et的平均杀灭率与菌株GYC1108-1相近。试验表明THPS相对BNP和甲醛溶液的杀菌效果好,鉴于甲醛溶液本身对水体和水生动物的有害影响,可采用四羟甲基硫酸磷取代甲醛溶液。 相似文献
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Abstract. Fry of Cichlasoma urophthalmus Günther were exposed to various concentrations of the organophosphate pesticide Trichlorfon, ranging from 1·25 to 80 mg/l in laboratory conditions. Mortality reached 100% in the highest concentrations (60 and 80 mg/l) in the first 24h. The intermediate concentration (40 mg/l) resulted in 50% mortality after 24h, and no mortality was observed in lower levels of the pesticide. LC50 at 24, 48 and 72h were 26·5, 23·7 and 17·2 mg/l respectively.
Some of the surviving fish were transferred to clean fresh water for a post-treatment growth trial. All the fish grew well with no apparent adverse effects as judged by their growth indices after 8 weeks. 相似文献
Some of the surviving fish were transferred to clean fresh water for a post-treatment growth trial. All the fish grew well with no apparent adverse effects as judged by their growth indices after 8 weeks. 相似文献
19.
为筛选四种鱼用消毒剂对摇蚊幼虫(Chironomid larvae)最适消毒条件,在单因素试验基础上,以消毒剂对摇蚊幼虫携带细菌相对灭菌率为考察指标进行正交试验;以消毒后摇蚊幼虫相对存活率、稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)对摇蚊幼虫平均摄食时间、消毒后未杀灭细菌种类为指标,综合评价消毒虫体质量。结果显示:浓度因子对聚维酮碘、新洁尔灭、高锰酸钾的相对灭菌率有极显著影响;时间因子对聚维酮碘的相对灭菌率影响极显著;温度因子对聚维酮碘的相对灭菌率影响极显著,对新洁尔灭影响显著;浓度、时间和温度因子均对戊二醛的相对灭菌率无显著影响;在实验室条件下,根据消毒剂对相对灭菌率的各影响因子主次顺序得到了四种消毒剂消毒摇蚊幼虫的最佳因子参数,其中高锰酸钾:消毒剂浓度60 mg/L,消毒温度28℃,消毒时间1.5 h;聚维酮碘:消毒温度24℃,消毒剂浓度150 mg/L,消毒时间1 h;新洁尔灭:消毒剂浓度3 200 mg/L,消毒温度24℃,消毒时间1 h;戊二醛:消毒温度28℃,消毒时间1.5 h,消毒剂浓度20 000 mg/L。四种消毒剂最佳消毒条件对摇蚊幼虫相对存活率及对稀有鮈鲫摄食效果影响不大;消毒后从不同来源的四份虫体样品共分离出未杀灭的细菌16种,主要隶属于气单胞菌属和不动杆菌属。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubating pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, eggs in formalin and iodophor solutions for 15 min on embryo survival, the hatching rate, as well as on the rate of misshaped larvae, in order to develop methods for egg surface disinfection. Embryos in the morula stage, in the epiboly stage, and at the beginning of heart beat and blood circulation tolerated formalin concentrations up to 1,500 ppm for 15 min. However, they were very susceptible to iodophor treatment, as >0.1% iodophor solution (=13 ppm active iodine) significantly decreased the percentage of ready-to-hatch embryos and the percentage of hatched larvae. These data of this study recommend the use of formalin at a concentration of up to 1,500 ppm to disinfect pikeperch eggs. 相似文献