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1.
The research into the side effect of fungicides used in the control of the most serious disease in apples (Venturia inaequalis) i. e. the research into the influence of fungicides on the population of phytophagous mites, was carried out at Nedeli??e (North-West Croatia) during 1997 and 1998. The study is related to the population of the mites most present in apple orchards, such as red spider mite (Pananychus ulmi) and other mites (Aculus schlechtendali andTetranychus urticae). Fungicides which are known to be effective against scab, i. e.Venturia inaequalis, and used in fruit production in Croatia, were tested in order to investigate their secondary properties which have not yet been studied. The following fungicides were used: cyprodinil, dodine, dichlofluanid + bitertanol (as tank mix), and kresoxim-methyl. The tests were repeated three times; the application time was determined by monitoring the conditions for infection. The treatments were done curatively, i. e. up to 96 h after the onset of infection conditions. The mite population was estimated by the pressing method, which yielded the average number of mites per leaf. All the results were statistically processed by variance analysis and by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, and are presented graphically and in tables. The paper also presents graphically the climatic conditions, scab infections and application time. The research over two years have shown a pronounced suppressive effect of dichlofluanid + bitertanol on populations of phytophagous mites, while the other fungicides used in the research had a neutral effect on the mite papulation.  相似文献   

2.
Field experiment was conducted at a site naturally infested withTylenchulus semipenetrans to explore the effect of sincocin AGTM as a biocidal agent at 2000 ppm in controlling citrus nematodes. Sincocin AGTM significantly reduced citrus nematode population in both soil and roots ofCitrus sinesis, and enhanced both growth of orange trees and soil mites especially the mesostigmatide mites. In treated soil, the nature nematode feeders, mesostigmatide mites were increased by 140% and 243%, one month and two months, respectively, post application.  相似文献   

3.
Effect of the nematicide carbofuran on the population development of the citrus parasitic nematodeTylenchulus semipenetrans and predacious soil mites in citrus orchard under organic manure regime of fertilization. In an Egyptian citrus orchard under farmyard manure regime of fertilization an experiment was conducted for three successive seasons (1993–1995) to investigate the potency of the nematicide carbofuran against the population of the citrus parasitic nematodeTylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. and any side-effects on predacious soil mites. An initial reduction inT. semipenetrans populations was observed after application, although a remarkable increase in the population occurred afterwards. In contrast, the average number of predators decreased, particularly in 1995. In organic plots without nematicide, predators increased to great numbers andT. semipenetrans caused negligible injury. In the fertilizer-free treatment, theT. semipenetrans population was low although that of predacious mites was high. The study indicated that carbofuran treatments reduced the population of predacious soil mites and in their absence the population of the parasitic nematode,T. semipenetrans was likely to increase.  相似文献   

4.
Foliage-dwelling predatory mites and foliar applications of mycoinsecticides are commonly used in biological control programs for Western flower thrips. A laboratory study was designed to examine the compatibility of two foliage-dwelling predatory mites with two commercially available mycoinsecticides, followed by a greenhouse study to assess their combined efficacy against Western flower thrips, with a view to their concurrent use in an integrated strategy. The following commercially available biocontrol agents were evaluated: the predatory mites, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot); and entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (now classified as Metarhizium brunneum) strain F52 and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) GHA strain. Mortality caused by the mycoinsecticides ranged from 0 to 15.98% in the laboratory studies. In the greenhouse, the relative efficacy of predatory mite slow-release breeding sachets, Met52 EC spray, and a combined application was determined. Under high pest pressure, Met52 EC-alone was not as effective as N. cucumeris-alone or the combination treatment over 8 weeks. Neoseiulus cucumeris-alone provided better control of thrips than Met52 EC, but in a mixed infestation of thrips and two-spotted spider mites, the combination treatment worked best overall; the spider mites were effectively suppressed by Met52 EC. Under low pest pressure in the experiment with A. swirskii, use of Met52 EC or A. swirskii sachets effectively suppressed thrips population growth; moreover, the combination treatment completely eliminated both thrips and spider mites.  相似文献   

5.
The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is an emerging pest of solanaceous crops. Two distinct genetic lineages (I and II) have been identified, lineage I having a much wider geographic distribution than lineage II. This has been attributed to differences in cold hardiness that make lineage I better adapted to colonize the coldest parts of the invaded area. However, other factors such as the ability to exploit different hosts may also be involved. In this work, we compared the performance of the Nice (lineage I) and Perpignan (lineage II) strains of T. evansi on two frequent host plants for this species: black nightshade, Solanum nigrum, and cultivated tomato, S. lycopersicum. In general, Nice strain mites performed better (higher fecundity, lower offspring mortality, bigger egg size and lower percentage of males) than Perpignan strain mites when both: (1) they were reared and tested on the same host plant (S. lycopersicum or S. nigrum); and (2) when shifted from S. nigrum to S. lycopersicum and vice versa. Digestive proteases showed also higher expression in Nice strain mites than in Perpignan strain mites, independently of their plant host, potentially reflecting a more efficient proteolytic digestion of plant proteins. However, no differences in detoxification enzyme (P450, esterases and glutathione S-transferases) activities were found when the two strains were compared. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Nice strain mites exhibited life history traits leading to higher fitness on two different hosts, which may be related with the higher invasive potential and outbreak risks of mites from lineage I.  相似文献   

6.
Relating to the frequency of occurrenceAmblyseius finlandicus Oud. is the dominating species of the family Phytoseiidae in Austria. Series of experiments have been made in the laboratory to investigate the influence of the predator population density on the rate of oviposition. In spite of sufficient food supply the rate of reproduction decreased with an increasing number of mites per rearing unit. Single kept females had rates of oviposition (1.9 eggs/day/female) significantly different from females kept in groups (2, 5 or 8 mites per unit with 1.6, 1.2 and 1.1 eggs/day/female).  相似文献   

7.
The effects of fungicides containing mancozeb or copper oxychloride, as principal active ingredients, on phytoseiid mites were investigated in a vineyard comprising four varieties (Prosecco, Cabernet Franc, Pinot gris and Merlot) and located in north-eastern Italy. Phytoseiid colonisation was different among the four varieties: Amblyseius andersoni and Kampimodromus aberrans were dominant on Pinot gris and Merlot, respectively, while Typhlodromus pyri was more common than the above species on Prosecco and Cabernet Franc. Applications of mancozeb fungicides significantly affected K. aberrans populations. Concerning T. pyri, a significant effect was observed on Cabernet but not on Prosecco. The effects of mancozeb fungicides on A. andersoni were less clear. The response of phytoseiids to fungicides containing mancozeb appeared to be mediated by the variety. Therefore, the choice of one or two varieties as a standard reference for field tests is recommended. These results also suggest that the side effects of fungicides on predatory mites should be studied on different phytoseiid species and, possibly, on susceptible and resistant strains in order to gain useful insights.  相似文献   

8.
The reproductive potential and development of the three soil predaceous mitesHypoaspis miles (Berlese),Laclaspis zaheri Shereef & Soliman andLasioseius africanus Hafez & Nasr were tested using the acarid mite,Tyrophagus casei Oudemans as an alternate prey. Laboratory studies revealed thatT. casei proved to be a promising diet for the reproduction ofH. miles, while the reproductive response of the other two predaceous mites to such prey was poor although their larvae developed to the adult stage when fed on it.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of the duration of copulation on egg production and sex ratio was studied in two phytoseiid mites,Cydnodromella negevi (Swirski and Amitai) andTyphlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski in the laboratory. In both species, the fecundity of females, oviposition period and the proportion of females in the progeny increased with the duration of copulation. It was shown that in the two physoseiid mites several copulations are required to deposit the maximum number of eggs.  相似文献   

10.
Conservation biological control by means of ground cover offers an interesting alternative to chemical control. A complex of Thysanoptera (thrips) species inhabits citrus, some of which are considered pests. This study investigated the effect of ground cover management on thrips species composition, distribution, and seasonal abundance in four commercial clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Tanaka) orchards. Three soil management systems were compared: resident vegetation, Festuca arundinacea Schreber (Poales: Poaceae), and bare soil. Cover management affected thrips species diversity and abundance. Two of the main species causing fruit damage in Spanish citrus, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were abundant in the resident ground cover. However, their abundance was strongly depressed in the F. arundinacea cover. The resident vegetation cover could provide a range of suitable host plants supporting populations of potential thrips pest species beyond the citrus blooming period. The F. arundinacea cover, which hosted Poaceae-specific thrips species, could also provide alternative food sources for Phytoseiidae mites. These predatory mites could reduce populations of potential thrips and other citrus pests below economic injury level. Our results confirm the suitability of F. arundinacea as a cover crop for clementine mandarins.  相似文献   

11.
The effect of volatile matter from various wood chips on house dust mites and their influence on human comfort were measured. To investigate the effect of volatile matter on the mite speciesDermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the activity of the mites was observed after exposure to volatile matter from six species of wood chips. The degree of activity of the mites was classified into two categories: (1) walking or moving and (2) immobilized. To measure their influence on human comfort, the smells of those wood chips were evaluated by the subjects. Among softwoods, volatile matter fromChamaecyparis obtusa andThujopsis dolabrata var.hondai chips suppressed the activity of the mites highly and made the subjects feel refreshed and unexcited.Cryptomeria japonica showed slight suppression of the mites and was considered to be refreshing, natural, and unexciting by the subjects. Among hardwoods,Cinnamomum camphora highly suppressed mites activity and was considered to be non-refreshing and exciting by the subjects. Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999  相似文献   

12.
To suppress the activity of house dust mites in tatami mats, where they tend to breed, a tatami mat consisting of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtuse) wood-wool was prepared. The suppressive effect of hinoki wood-wool on house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) was then measured. To investigate the effective period of the wood-wool on the mites, 5-day exposure tests were conducted every few weeks for a total of 52 weeks. In the tests of the first and sixth weeks, the activity of the mites was strongly suppressed, and no walking or moving mite was found after 5 days of exposure. The suppressive effect on mites was maintained for 52 weeks. It was concluded that using hinoki wood-wool to produce tatami mats is an effective method of suppressing the activity of mites for about 1 year.  相似文献   

13.
Interaction of soil predacious mites and citrus nematodes (parasitic and saprophytic), in citrus orchard under different regime of fertilizers; Effect on the population densities and citrus yield.During a course of study on the predacious mites and their relationships with citrus nematodes, there were several population interactions, greatly varied according to the regime of fertilizers. In general the presence of organic manure encourage the population of predacious mites to increase, although decreasing the portion of organic manure discourage the populations. There were several positive interactions between both populations and that of predacious mites over exploited the nematode populations in several cases. Yield was almost the same under the different combinations, although the quality as measured by fruit size, weight/fruit, diameter/fruit and total solible solids was better under organic manure regime.  相似文献   

14.
To suppress the activity of house dust mites in tatami mats, where they tend to breed, tatami mats were prepared with embedded softwood veneers. The effective period of the volatiles from the veneers on the mites was then measured. To investigate the effective period of volatiles from hiba (Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai) and hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) veneers on house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), 5-day exposure tests were conducted every few weeks for 54 weeks. In the exposure tests, the activity of the mites was observed after 5 days of exposure to the volatiles. Volatiles from hiba veneers strongly suppressed the activity of the mites for 15 weeks. The suppressive effect decreased gradually after that, but it was maintained for 54 weeks. Volatiles from hinoki veneers showed moderate to high suppression of mite activity for 11 weeks, but no suppressive effect was observed after that. In conclusion, embedding hiba or hinoki veneers in tatami mats is an effective method of suppressing the activity of mites for about a year or for slightly less than 3 months, respectively.Part of this paper was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Tokyo, April 2001  相似文献   

15.
对毛竹叶螨发生的竹林进行劈草和锄草抚育,通过1a观察发现,锄草的竹林中的毛竹叶螨的种群密度和危害高于劈草的竹林。建议竹林抚育要因地制宜,对杂灌不繁茂、土壤较疏松的竹林不劈草。对杂灌繁茂的竹林于8～9月份劈草,尽量不锄草。释放捕食螨防治毛竹叶螨结果表明,捕食螨防治效果留草竹林大于劈草竹林、大于锄草竹林,所以毛竹叶螨的防治要与竹林抚育管理相结合,竹林在释放捕食螨防治毛竹叶螨的当年林下要留草,禁止全垦全劈。  相似文献   

16.
A significant share of the current seasonal losses of honey bee colonies can be attributed to the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Its direct feeding behaviour and virus vectoring decimate the colony until collapse if there is no effective control management in place. The synthetic pyrethroids such as tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin were intensively used to control the mite until multiple cases of resistance were reported since the early 1990s. Previous studies have shown that there are three different mutations at amino acid position 925 (L925V, I and M) of the V. destructor voltage-gated sodium channel associated with the resistance to these compounds. Here, we report the development of a new PCR–RFLP methodology to discriminate between susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Varroa destructor mites. This is a DNA-based assay that proved to be as accurate and robust as the previously reported TaqMan®-based high-throughput genotyping assays but significantly cheaper and more accessible to low-resourced laboratories. It is also easier to identify resistant mites using the new assay. The beekeeping community will surely welcome this new technology since there are very few effective acaricides to deal with the mite. They are aware that pyrethroids can be very effective in absence of resistance so having the possibility to use them as alternative to other compounds as part of an integrated management strategy would be of great help for long-term controlling of the parasite.  相似文献   

17.
毛竹叶螨及其天敌捕食螨的生态位研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
通过对福建南平西芹毛竹叶螨危害的毛竹林调查分析 ,结果表明 ,毛竹叶螨及其天敌对时空资源利用程度序列为 :捕食螨 (Bi =0 5550 ) >竹小爪螨 (Oligonychusurama) (Bi=0 4 467) >南京裂爪螨 (Schizotet ranychusnanjingensis) (Bi=0 30 97) >竹缺爪螨 (Aponychuscorpuzae) (Bi=0 2 875) >竹裂爪螨 (S .celarius) (Bi=0 1 674 ) >苔螨 (Bryobiasp .) (Bi=0 1 4 1 7)。捕食螨对南京裂爪螨、竹小爪螨、竹缺爪螨的时空跟随效应强 (Cij值分别为 0 574 3、0 4 830、0 4 371 )。叶螨间南京裂爪螨与竹缺爪螨对时空资源竞争最激烈 (Cij=0 60 76)。竹小爪螨与其它 4种叶螨竞争较激烈 (Cij>0 2 )。南京裂爪螨、竹小爪螨、竹缺爪螨 3种叶螨不同螨态中以竹小爪螨卵和成螨占有较大时空资源 ,其种内竞争激烈 (Cij值大 )。种间以竹缺爪螨和南京裂爪螨卵、幼若螨、竹缺爪螨幼螨与南京裂爪螨卵、竹小爪螨成螨与竹缺爪螨幼若螨竞争激烈 (Cij>0 4 )。捕食螨对 3种叶螨不同螨态的跟随效应以南京裂爪螨幼若螨、成螨、竹小爪螨成螨、竹缺爪螨幼若螨最强 (Cij>0 5) ,其余依次为竹小爪螨卵、南京裂爪螨卵、竹缺爪螨成螨、竹小爪螨幼若螨、竹缺爪螨卵  相似文献   

18.
The development, longevity, fecundity and sex ratio of the predatory miteAmblyseius longispinosus (Evans) were studied at different constant and alternating temperatures withTetranychus cinnabarinus as prey. Alternating temperatures had no significant effect on the developmental times, in comparison with optimal constant temperature. At the alternating temperature of 33/23°C the mean duration of the life cycle from egg to adult was obvious longer with 5.0 and 4.4 days forA. longispinosus females and males than at alternating temperature of 30/20°C with 4.2 and 4.1 days for females and males. At 25°C constantly the egg stage was the longest during development and required a mean of 2.2 days.A. longispinosus females and males remained in larval stage for 0.5 and 0.6 days. The protonymphal and deutonymphal stage lasted for 0.7 and 1.1 for females and for 0.7 days for males, respectively. At all temperatures the development of females required significantly longer than of males. Longevity ofA. longispinosus adults was variable to tested temperatures: At 25°C females lived for 33.1 days, at 30/20°C for 30.6 days and at 33/23°C for 29.9 days. At 25°CA. longispinosus females produced a mean total progeny of 48.8 eggs and the mean duration of oviposition period was 21 days; at 30/20°C and at 33/23°C a mean number of 49.1 and 48.2 eggs was laid during an oviposition period of 20 days. Temperature had no effect on the sex ratio of predatory mites, about 70% of mites became females at all temperatures.  相似文献   

19.
简述了尤溪县毛竹害螨种类、发生与危害情况，分析了严重发生的主要原因。总结了以营林技术措施为基础的毛竹害螨综合防治技术，为进一步推广毛竹害螨的防治提供参考．  相似文献   

20.
Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, perennial rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis caused by the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, which are dominant species in homes, have recently become serious health problems. Reducing the number of and exposure to mites and mite allergens are the most important factors in preventing allergic diseases. Recently, the effects of essential oils of plants on house dust mites have received much attention with a view to producing natural mite-killing agents. Essential oils and their components of wood and their leaves have also received much attention. In this article, we summarize the biology of house dust mites, mite allergens, and their concentration in homes, and discuss the control of house dust mites by using plant and wood extractives, especially in relation to the influence of essential oils and volatiles from wood on house dust mites.  相似文献   

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