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为比较不同水系中华绒兀自蟹种群的形态特点，建立了判别中华绒螯蟹水系来源的方法，以辽河、长江、瓯江中华绒螯蟹成蟹的三个各群为研究对象，测量了代表其形态特征的２４个度量性状，处理后得４８个形态特征参数；然后用判别的方法筛了其中能提供附加信息的６个参数，并建立了Ｂａｙｅｓ判别函数；最后对判别进行拟合，拟合概率雄蟹为９２．３９％，雌蟹为８９．３７％。用逐步判别的方法对中华绒螯蟹的不同种群进行比较并判别其水 相似文献
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长江中华绒螯蟹洄游群体与养殖群体形态差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了确定长江中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)洄游群体和养殖群体的形态差异,通过逐步判别分析、单因素方差分析、差异系数分析等方法研究了两个亲蟹群体的38个形态指标。结果显示,通过两个群体雌蟹与雄蟹的逐步判别分析,均筛选获得5个主要因子,分别对其建立了判别公式,雌蟹与雄蟹的平均拟合率分别为94%与92%,中华绒螯蟹洄游群体雌蟹与雄蟹的判别率均高于养殖群体。单因素方差分析结果表明,两个群体之间有16个形态参数差异显著,其中有8个参数差异极显著,差异系数值范围为0.294~0.614。两个群体的雌蟹间有11个形态参数差异显著,而雄蟹间为12个。外额齿间距和第4步足指节长度跟壳宽的比值是判别长江中华绒螯蟹洄游群体和养殖群体的两个最主要形态参数。 相似文献
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盐度对中华绒螯蟹性早熟生理机制的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
于2004年6月至11月在崇明岛中华绒螯蟹养殖基地进行1秋龄中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的养殖试验,通过荧光免疫二步抗体检测法和原子吸收等方法,测定了1秋龄蟹血淋巴钙离子和雌二醇水平,研究了不同盐度水体中1秋龄中华绒螯蟹性早熟情况及盐度促进中华绒螯蟹性早熟的生理机制。结果表明:(1)随着水体盐度的升高,1秋龄中华绒螯蟹性早熟率上升,成活率则呈下降趋势;(2)水体盐度升高导致1秋龄未发育雌蟹血淋巴中Ca2 含量上升(P<0.05),但对1秋龄雄蟹作用不显著(P>0.05);(3)池塘养殖90 d之后,高盐度水体中1秋龄未发育雌蟹血淋巴中雌二醇水平显著高于低盐度水体1秋龄未成熟雌蟹(P<0.05);(4)1秋龄性早熟雌蟹血淋巴中雌二醇含量高达(1294.00±595.87)pg/mL,极显著地高于同期的1秋龄未成熟雌蟹(P<0.01)。研究表明:水体盐度升高引起的1龄雌蟹血淋巴中雌二醇水平和Ca2 含量上升是导致1秋龄雌性中华绒螯蟹性早熟的内在生理原因。 相似文献
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饲养于９个试验池中共１６５只中华绒鳌蟹可量性状及蛋白酶活力等指标测定结果表明,雌、雄性个体在形态和消化能力方面具有显著的差异。雄蟹个体生长速度、螯足和四对长足的长度及重量均高于雌蟹,其摄食、爬行及抗御敌害等方面优于雌蟹;而雌蟹的胃、肠道蛋白酶活力高于雄蟹,其对食物的消化利用效率可能高于雄蟹。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹又名河蟹 ,是主要经济甲壳动物 ,目前已在全国各地作为名优水产品养殖。我们在池塘精养与配合饲料研究过程中发现其雌、雄个体在一些性状方面有一定的差异。为了较准确地了解这种差异情况 ,我们有针对性地统计、分析了在同一块试验场地的９个同批养殖试验池塘的中华绒螯蟹雌、雄的部分性状 ,发现彼此有较大差异 ,此类情况尚未见其他报道。因此 ,本文将我们的试验结果作简单介绍 ,以补充和完善中华绒螯蟹的有关基础生物学和养殖技术基础资料。１材料和方法１．１中华绒螯蟹种于１９９８年５月１７日从海口引进 ,共５ｋｇ ,平均个体… 相似文献
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图们江水系绒螯蟹的形态差异与遗传混杂 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究图们江水系中华绒螯蟹的种群现状,以图们江水系绒螯蟹为研究材料,将我国黄河和辽河水系的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis),以及日本本土的日本绒螯蟹(Eriocheir japonicus)作为参照对象,应用三种形态多元分析方法与STRUCTURE聚类分析方法,对它们的32个外部形态性状进行分析。判别分析显示,图们江群体的判别准确率最低(83.30%);主成分分析显示图们江群体的12个差异最大的表型性状均位于中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹之间,呈现为中间类型;传统聚类显示图们江水系绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹的形态差异最小;STRUCTURE聚类显示,图们江有60%的个体聚入日本绒螯蟹群体,而只有10%的个体聚入中华绒螯蟹群体,其余30%个体为中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹的中间类型。形态研究结果表明,图们江水系绒螯蟹为中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹分布的重叠区与混杂区,但其形态偏向日本绒螯蟹。 相似文献
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以不同选育品系(“江海21”“长江1号”“诺亚1号”和“申江1号”)中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为试验对象,通过单因素方差分析、逐步判别分析和主成分分析等方法对4个品系中华绒螯蟹的形态特征进行比较分析。结果显示：(1)单因素方差分析中,各品系雌、雄个体的32项形态特征指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)逐步判别分析中,各品系雌、雄个体的判别准确率普遍较低,仅为40%～70%;(3)主成分散点图显示,各品系个体之间频繁交叉出现,主成分分析难以区别各品系的雌、雄成蟹个体。综合分析结果表明,中华绒螯蟹各品系之间的形态特征差异较小,难以将形态学特征作为鉴别各选育品系的特定指标。 相似文献
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《水产科学》2021,(4)
为探究绥芬河流域野生绒螯蟹的种群现状,2017年9—11月和2018年10月在黑龙江省牡丹江市、江苏省镇江市、广西省北海市和日本兵库县的天然水域中各采集野生雌、雄绒螯蟹样本各15只,运用基于地标点法的几何形态测量学方法比较绥芬河野生绒螯蟹与以长江水系为代表的中华绒螯蟹,以及与以日本本土和我国合浦水域为代表的日本绒螯蟹的形态特征差异。研究结果表明:(1)主成分散点图显示,长江与绥芬河群体部分重叠并形成较为集中的一块区域;日本与合浦群体形成另外一块较为集中的区域;(2)网格变形图显示,各群体头胸甲的形态差异主要为额刺和侧刺长度;(3)逐步判别分析中绥芬河和长江群体仅个别样本相互误判,判别准确率为87%～93%,而合浦和日本水域野生绒螯蟹的判别准确率均为100%;(4)聚类分析先将长江和绥芬河群体聚为一支,然后将合浦和日本本土群体聚为另外一支。综上,以头胸甲为研究对象的地标点几何形态测量法将绥芬河流域野生绒螯蟹归类为中华绒螯蟹,但仍需要结合分子生物学技术加以辅助证实。 相似文献
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Abstract. Sacculina granifera was found in 12% of commercial sandcrabs, Portunus pelagicus , in Moreton Bay irrespective of sex. Although male and female crabs were randomly distributed about Moreton Bay, egg bearing females were most common at the seaward station. This and the distribution of epizoic barnacles on gills and carapace suggest the sexes school separately. The increased prevalence of barnacles on the carapace of infected crabs indicates Sacculina inhibits moulting. The distribution of interna infections in small crabs towards south and west and externa infections in large crabs in the easterly, seaward stations suggests Sacculina preferentially attacks young crabs as they move inshore and then induces crabs to behave like 'berried' (i.e. egg bearing) females by moving seaward as they grow. Morphologically female crabs are little changed by Sacculina , but the males show considerable modification which is reflected most accurately in the shortening of the chelar propodus to proportions similar to normal females. Infected crabs are sterile and internally the hepatopancreas becomes green rather than tan. Parasitized crabs were seen to groom their externae as 'berried' females groom their egg masses. 相似文献
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中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹(中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹)群体亲缘关系:形态判别分析 总被引：32，自引：2，他引：30
测量辽河、黄河、长江、瓯江、珠江及南流江六个水系绒螯蟹群体的 32个外部形态特征 ,进行聚类分析和判别分析。聚类分析将辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江四个北方水系的蟹划为一组 ,把珠江和南流江两个南方水系的蟹划为另一组 ,两组之间形态差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。判别分析亦可将北方蟹和南方蟹完全分开 ,判别准确率达 10 0 %。至于样本所属水系的判别 ,对北方四水系蟹的判别平均拟合概率为 86%,其中长江最低 ,为 73%,黄河最高 ,为 97%;对南方二水系蟹的判别平均拟合概率为 95%,南流江为 96%,珠江为 94 %。又对区别水系所属贡献较大的特征参数进行单因子方差分析 ,计算差异系数 ,根据Mayr等 [1953]提出的 75%规则 ,认为北方蟹与南方蟹之间的形态差异是亚种以上水平的差异 ,而北方蟹内部与南方蟹内部各水系之间差异则属不同地理种群间的差异。 相似文献
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2种相手蟹线粒体12S rRNA基因序列分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
测定了红螯相手蟹和褶痕相手蟹线粒体12s rRNA基因部分片段的序列,前者为572 bp,后者为576 bp.二者的核苷酸序列A、T、G、C的含量相似,分别为42.5%、37.6%、11.9%、8.0%;42.0%、37.0%、12.5%、8.5%;不包括8处插入/缺失位点,两序列间有48个变异位点,核苷酸差异率为8.42%,其中转换30个、颠换18个,转换与颠换比约1.67.对国内外相手蟹长度为383 bp的12SrRNA基因同源序列进行分析,A T含量为76.6%～81.4%,明显高于G C的含量,且存有84个多态位点.系统发生树的拓扑结构显示,所有的相手蟹分别聚为3大支,代表着3个不同的属即相手蟹属、栉齿蟹属和仿相手蟹属;这与形态学分类结果相一致. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3-4):109-132
The effects of cooking time, cooking method, storage conditions, crab size, crab sex, season, and crab sexual maturity on the total and differential yield of blue crab were determined under commercial processing condition. Crabs cooked for 8 min. yielded more meat than those processed for 12 min. and 10 min. Male crabs yielded more lump and claw meat than female crabs. Clean female crabs also produced more lump and top flake than sponge crabs. A computer program, VTBCP, containing the yield data and prediction equations was developed to predict and calculate the final meat yield (total and differential) based on biological and processing variables. 相似文献
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Hengxiang Li Yan Yan Xiujuan Yu Suying Miao Ying Wang 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(3):354-363
An epizootic outbreak of the parasitic barnacle, Polyascus gregarius, was reported for the first time in cultured commercial mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Observations were made in a freshwater culture pond in Shenjia Dang, Zhejiang province, China, from June to October 2007. The surface morphology and appearance of the interna, externa, or scar of P. gregarius were recorded in 1464 crabs, including 871 males and 593 females. Overall prevalence of infection was 37.8 and 31.7% in male and female crabs, respectively. The monthly variation of infection was mainly dependent on the mortality of the host, with the highest prevalence (58.0% of males and 51.3% of females infected) in June, and the lowest (13.4% of males and 6.3% of females) in October. A host with multiple externae or scars was encountered frequently, with the maximum of 28 externae or 19 scars on a single crab. Being restricted in the culture pond, the hosts could not escape and return to the brackish water of the estuary; therefore, the externae were never exposed to male cyprids and remained unfertilized. As a result, all the externae degenerated and dropped off finally after 2–3 mo. This parasite caused castration, anecdysis, and increased mortality in the host, and therefore, had both direct and indirect effects on the commercial culture of E. sinensis. Infected males were castrated and displayed morphological modifications of secondary sexual characters. The size of infected crabs was significantly smaller than that of uninfected crabs because the molting was reduced by infection. After all the externae dropped off, the scarred host crabs finally died. A high mortality (possibly >50%) due to parasitism was observed in this study. 相似文献
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Xugan Wu Yongxu Cheng Liying Sui Xiaozhen Yang Tianzuo Nan & Jinqing Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1459-1467
The morphological characteristics, tissue indices, proximate and fatty acid compositions of hepatopancreas, gonad and muscle of pond‐reared (PR) and lake‐stocked (LS) Eriocheir sinensis broodstock were compared. Lake‐stocked crabs are characterized by a blue carapace, white abdomen, golden legs and yellow setae while PR crabs have a brown carapace, grey abdomen, black legs and similar yellow setae. The carapace length and width of PR crabs were significantly less than those of LS crabs of the same wet weight (WW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of PR males was significantly higher, but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower for PR females when compared with LS individuals of the same sex. Regardless of their origin, the muscular index (MI) of males was higher than that of females. The hepatopancreas of LS crabs had higher protein levels and lower lipid levels compared with PR crabs. The results of proximate analysis of male gonads from two different sources were similar, while the protein level in the ovary of LS females was higher than that of PR females. The tissues of males had higher water content but lower lipid and protein levels compared with females regardless of their source. The LS crabs had higher highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels than PR crabs in their gonad and hepatopancreas. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nutritional quality of LS crabs is better than that of PR crabs, the nutritional quality of males is poorer than that of females. The reproductive performance and larval quality of crabs from these two rearing systems should be further verified. 相似文献
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Abstract. Loxothylacus ihlei , a rhizocephalan parasite of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forskål), is reported for the first time in Australian waters. The parasite is described and found to be variable in a number of characters. Most infected S. serrata , collected from commercial catches in the Northern Territory, Australia, were significantly smaller than uninfected crabs, and their abdominal flaps were relatively larger than those of mature females. Annual prevalence of infection was low (2.1%), with the monthly variation ranging from negligible early in the year to around 7% in November. 相似文献
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长江水系3个湖泊中华绒蟹形态及元素“指纹”特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
以江苏省长江水系3个不同湖泊(太湖、石臼湖和固城湖)产中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)群体为研究对象,分别对其进行形态学和元素"指纹"特征的比较研究。基于16个组形态数据的框架测量及相应的逐步判别分析结果表明,虽然太湖、石臼湖和固城湖产中华绒螯蟹3群体之间在形态学上存在一定的差异,且判别准确率分别为70%、90%和80%,但其差异程度尚未达到能够有效区分3个群体的水平。统一使用中华绒螯蟹第三步足作为标准试样,应用电感耦合等离子质谱仪测定了其中21种元素的含量和分布特征,其中Cr、Co、As、Se、Cd、Pb、Tl、Ag、Mo、Ni未检出。与形态判别结果不同的是,3湖泊产中华绒螯蟹第三步足元素含量和分布的总体差异极为显著,太湖、石臼湖和固城湖产中华绒螯蟹的判别准确率分别高达100%、80%和100%。这表明本研究所尝试的中华绒螯蟹第三步足元素"指纹"分析判别方法具有有效区别不同产地中华绒螯蟹的潜力。 相似文献
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三疣梭子蟹4个野生群体形态差异分析 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
通过对鸭绿江口、莱州湾、海州湾、舟山4个野生群体的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)14项生物学外部形态性状的测量,采用多元分析方法对其进行比较分析。聚类分析结果表明,海州湾、舟山2个群体形态最为接近,鸭绿江口和莱州湾2个群体形态较为接近。对样本所属群体进行判别分析,4个群体雌蟹的综合判别率为87.0%,其中海州湾最低,为80.0%;莱州湾最高为92%。4个群体雄蟹的综合判别率为80.8%,其中海州湾最低,为72.0%;鸭绿江口最高,为96%。并建立4个群体各自的判别函数公式。通过对16项形态比例参数进行单因素方差分析,找到了4个群体间存在显著差异的形态比例参数。3种分析结果均认为,4个群体三疣梭子蟹在形态上已产生一定程度的差异,但所有的差异均未达到亚种水平,需要多项参数综合判别才能将4个群体的三疣梭子蟹区分开。 相似文献