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1.
《Forest Policy and Economics》2000,1(2):139-151
The economy of the Ukraine is in transition from a communist command-and-control to a capitalist system. In this paper, we describe the current state of its forest resources, the structure of its forestry and wood processing sectors, and the problems facing policy makers. While the forest sector should be, and still has the potential to become, an engine for economic growth, the combination of past exploitation and the slow pace of economic reform are major obstacles to implementing rational forest policies. Given the right economic incentives and appropriate forest policies, it may still be possible for the Ukraine to improve its future timber supply while enjoying environmental benefits from its forests. However, this requires economic and institutional reforms beyond the forest sector. 相似文献
2.
澳大利亚林业概况及其启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
澳大利亚有着较为丰富的森林资源,林业在其国民经济发展,尤其是在生态环境建设中有着重要的地位和作用。其多元化的林业目标定位、完善的林业政策法律体系及严格的林业管理措施,为澳大利亚林业的持续发展提供了有力的制度保障。其林业政策和管理经验可以为我国林业发展提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
3.
The current state and future prospects and challenges of small-scale forestry in Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine are examined, and Q-methodology for stakeholder evaluation of forest sustainability
and pro-market reforms is applied to an example from Ukraine. Small-scale forestry already provides multiple benefits to the
countries in transition. However, these countries differ according to the maturity of the reforms, and the continuing process
of transition is being delayed in some of them due to institutional weaknesses, e.g. the authority of government with insufficient
involvement of rural communities in decision-making. The necessity of linking international and national sustainable forestry
policy to management practices at a local level is especially evident in the countries where bottom-up small-scale adaptive
forestry is only starting to catch up with the top-down sustainable forest management principles. The paper highlights the
necessity of reconciliation of scientific and conventional knowledge for delivering sustainability objectives to small-scale
forestry at a local level. It demonstrates that the social and economic pillars of sustainable forestry reform are of a particular
importance for successful performance of small-scale forestry in the countries in transition, as is active involvement of
stakeholders and local communities in decision-making and policy implementation. 相似文献
4.
印度政府把林业排在国民经济的第2位,其林业科技政策重视可持续发展目标和社会目标,强调国家机构间的密切合作,鼓励地方更多地参与林业科研和森林的管理和保护。印度制定和实施了以可持续森林管理为主要内容的国家林业行动计划,对森林采取多效益综合经营方式,重点是发展社会林业,其中参与式森林经营方法如联合森林经营,有效地解决了林业发展与当地社会、经济之间的冲突。印度在林业遥感、流域治理、保护区网络、社会林业等研究领域走在发展中国家前列,其林业科学研究注重实用性,在重视基础研究的同时强调开发和推广林业适用技术。印度还积极组织各种社会力量进行林业科技扶贫,提倡产学研结合。今后的林业科技发展将继续重视人工林营造和林产品加工研究,强调开发和推广林业适用技术,并强化森林资源的保护。 相似文献
5.
立足当前生态文明建设和林业发展,文中从产业结构转型、劳动力就业结构转型和生态环境建设3方面构建我国南方集体林区林业经济转型指标体系,基于2000—2019年面板数据,运用熵值法测算林业经济转型水平,采用固定效应模型实证探究促进林业经济转型的驱动因素。结果显示:1)南方集体林区林业经济转型水平总体呈上升趋势,转型平均水平从2000年的0.51升至2019年的0.90,林业产业结构和劳动力就业结构趋向合理化转变;2)影响南方集体林区林业经济转型的主要为林业投资、技术水平、森林资源和林业系统工资水平的积极驱动作用,以及林权制度改革的政策冲击和城镇水平提高所产生的一定阻碍作用;3)不同水平下林业经济转型的主要驱动因素存在差异,转型水平较低阶段主要受技术水平、森林资源、人才资源、经济水平、城镇水平和工资水平影响,转型水平较高阶段主要受制度创新、林业投资、森林资源和工资水平影响。森林资源的丰富程度对各方面均会产生影响,森林资源较少地区林业经济转型受制度创新和技术水平影响显著,森林资源较多地区则受技术水平、森林资源、城镇水平和工资水平影响显著。结合南方集体林区林业经济转型发展的现状及实证分析结果,提出应进一步完善林业改革制度配套措施、加快发展第三产业、拓宽资金渠道、提高林业劳动力供给质量等有利于推动林区林业经济转型的对策建议。 相似文献
6.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):91-156
An overview of the forestry sector in Costa Rica was undertaken to determine whether the existing management practices of timber resources hold the potential to meet the country's demands for timber in the immediate decades to come, and to identify changes that might be needed in the management of forested lands. To meet these goals, we examined the present status and potential future contribution of the two newest forest sectors: the management of natural forest and plantation forestry. Rcsults indicate that the present management of Costa Rica's timber resources does not hold the potential to meet the country's demands for timber for more than the next ten years without severe loss of its forests. Substantial progress is occurring, but at an insufficient rate. Moreover, despite the considerable headway made in conservation in recent years, the rate of deforestation remains high. A number of factors limit advancement in natural forest management and plantation forestry, both of which have the potential to deaccelerate deforestation. In natural forest management, constraints are the rate at which forests are being brought under management, lack of budgetary provisions for fiscal incentives to private owners who alone cannot be expected to bear the cost of benefits of natural forest management that are national or even global in their distribution, and the weak infrastructure, extension services and research support to meet management goals. In the case of plantation forestry, the capability of this sector to produce commercial timber is not known. Moreover, inadequate management and extension services together with the misuse of the incentive system by private owners is likely to limit the potential of plantations. Institutional constraints include outdated legal and bureaucratic framework, market interventions, absence of clear policy toward natural forest management and plantation forestry, poor investment in infrastructure, extension and research support, and inadequate interaction among various agencies responsible for the development of the forestry sector. Such institutional constraints have allowed the proliferation of disincentives against the development of a sustainable timber sector. If the Costa Rican government's objective is to encourage sustainable forestry, it must first clearly articulate the policy and then create the appropriate legal, economic and institutional framework for implementation of the policy. Costa Rica, with its enlightened public administration system, vast technical and scientific knowledge about its forest ecosystem and extensive assistance from international organizations, must succeed, otherwise prospects for sustainable forestry in thc less fortunate tropical countries would be bleak. 相似文献
7.
吉安林区商品林业经营政策的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
作为南方重点林区，吉安林区的林林培育目标、资产运作、采伐政策、经营体制、行业管理、税费政策、林业投入等方面与市场经济的要求具有明显的滞后性和不适应性，同时也反映出林业行业的弱质性。要发展商品林业，其经营政策要作相应调整，政府应调整林业税费政策，建立生态补偿机制，理顺林业外部关系；林业系统要加快经营机制改革，规范资源流转，改革采伐政策等。 相似文献
8.
Forest policy and sustainable forest management in Bangladesh: an analysis from national and international perspectives 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper includes a review of international sustainable forestry development followed by an analysis of forest policies
in Bangladesh. There have been four different government forest policies in Bangladesh since 1894. The first two forest policies
(1894 and 1955) were exploitative in nature. Most of the regulatory documents were developed during the first two policy periods.
The third forest policy instituted in 1979 by the sovereign Bangladesh government had contradictory elements and mutually
inconsistent policy statements. It addressed for the first time forestry extension through mass motivation campaign. Current
forest policy formulated in 1994 has been considered to be the most elaborate policy in the history of the country. Under
this policy, participatory social forestry has been institutionalized in Bangladesh. The analysis shows that, although it
is possible to attain the stated policy targets, progress is slow and is blocked on several fronts. A number of identified
technical, managerial and logistical problems are hindering policy and program implementation. In addition, corruption contributes
to the observed problems. The real strength of Bangladesh forestry is locally based, participatory forestry, co-management
of protected areas and highly motivated people who increasingly recognize the need for a healthy forest ecosystem that will
provide future economic stability. Because it is the rich homestead forests of Bangladesh that generate the majority of commercial
forestry products, it is important that education continues at the grass-roots level. In addition, educated forestry and environment
professionals have been identified as the future driving forces towards better, and sustainable, forest management. Results
of this study make it clear that Bangladesh and other developing countries are not presently in a position to accept and adopt
internationally derived forest policies due to inadequate institutional support, political instability and poor governance.
Therefore, along with development of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management and forest certification, international
policy scientists must consider institutional development, professional skill development, identification and adoption of
indigenous technology and long-term financial support in developing countries. Without these, all international processes,
policies and directives will be of little value and produce few substantive results. 相似文献
9.
红英 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2014,(3):114-116
随着人类社会和经济的发展,世界各国的林业发展都经历破坏森林资源到恢复森林资源再到发展森林资源的过程,期间各国的林业政策都在不断的变化和完善。文章通过对日本、英国、美国等发达国家的林业主要政策进行分析研究,以期为我国林业政策的制定和完善起到借鉴和启示作用。 相似文献
10.
低碳经济背景下中国森林可持续经营策略 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
低碳经济倡导以较少的温室气体排放实现经济发展目标, 强调经济发展与环境保护的相互协调。在发展低碳经济、应对气候变化过程中, 森林具有特殊的作用。同时, 发展低碳经济将会对森林和林业发展产生重大影响, 也必将对传统林业管理、林业政策、森林经营等形成新的机遇和挑战。文中讨论了低碳经济与森林的关系, 阐述了林业低碳经济的发展内涵和发展路径, 基于低碳经济发展理念, 提出积极推进森林多功能经营、通过认证助推森林可持续经营以及加强人工林生态环境管理的我国森林可持续经营策略。 相似文献
11.
As one of the former Soviet republics, Tajikistan is facing a slow transition from a communist command-and-control system to a more market oriented, decentralized and participatory forestry. In the last 25 years, the country's forestry sector has undergone several reorganizations. In the process of a current reform, the overall aim of this study is to gain a broader understanding of the current state of forest sector in Tajikistan. Our specific objectives are a) to describe the current institutional network's complexity, (b) to analyze stakeholders' perceptions on the key challenges towards good forest governance, (c) and give recommendations to tackle the key challenges, so that important forest ecosystem services (ES) may be enhanced, thus, also contribute to the development of the sector. We elaborate a generic framework, which simplifies complex interaction of governance and forests ecosystem services. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaire-based interviews with stakeholders of the forestry sector. The results indicate that the forestry sector is still far from representing good forest governance, however the newly established structure seems to be a first step. Yet, challenges in establishing sound legal frameworks, decision-making transparency, and implementation enforcement must still be overcome. While it is too early and challenging to assess the impacts of forest governance on ES and vice versa, the survey respondents highlight the importance of provisioning services for the development of the forest sector. Given the post-Soviet background, almost all member countries developed along similar lines. Therefore, the study results are not only of significance for Tajikistan, but also countries with similar history and socio-economic context. 相似文献
12.
林业政策事件的金融市场影响分析——以我国国有林场改革为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林业政策事件对林业行业发展改革具有直接推动作用。我国国有林场改革作为林业发展中的典型政策事件，兼具了林业发展的公益性和经济性，在林业政策中具有较好的代表性，而金融市场的变化情况能够很好地反映林业行业的发展前景。文中选取我国国有林场改革这一典型的林业政策事件，通过事件研究法，采用市场模型测算国有林场改革对相关林业股的市场影响。结果显示，国有林场改革政策的颁布显著提高了相关林业股的股价，表明国有林场改革对林业行业是利好信号，得到了投资者的积极回应。不同时期国有林场改革对金融市场的影响均十分显著，但是效果不同。鉴于政策发布的时间和内容的差异对资本市场的不同影响，建议注重政策颁布的时点并加强对政策的解读，使更多投资者关注林业资本市场，促进林业行业发展。 相似文献
13.
5G、互联网、区块链等数字技术的兴起为中国乡村林业发展提供了新动能,但目前对数字经济如何影响乡村林业的发展缺少深入的理论剖析与逻辑概括。文中建立了数字经济赋能林业生产-经营-产业体系的理论机制,并对其进行解析;以中国移动5G护林员、元林数字林业电商平台、漳州林业数字银行为案例,分析数字技术如何通过其多维传导路径赋能林业的数字化发展及其成效;探讨目前数字经济赋能乡村林业发展面临的制约因素,进而提出推动数字经济与林业产业进行深度融合、结合乡村新基建建设为林业数字化发展提供良好配套环境,以及通过提升林农和新型经营主体数字素养为林业数字化建设积累人力资本等政策启示。 相似文献
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森林和林业的持续发展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
文章在论述了持续发展的概念及持续发展的５个特征的基础上，进一步阐述了森林的持续发展和林业持续发展。森林持续发展关系到３个重要因素：生产力、可再生能力和物种及生态多样性。林业持续发展要比森林持续发展复杂得多，林业持续发展涉及森林的综合经营和维持生态环境的整体性。作者还介绍了林业持续发展的特点，并提出了实现林业持续发展的一些设想。 相似文献
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18.
支持林草业民营经济发展是鼓励社会资本参与生态保护修复、促进林草业高质量发展的重要举措。政策作为民营经济参与林草业建设的方向指导,在林草业民营经济发展中有重要作用;然而,目前民营经济参与林草业建设的动力不足,缺乏政策保障。文中通过对民营资本参与生态保护修复形势的分析,从多方面提出培育、发展生态保护修复市场主体以及完善政策和制度体系的建议,包括构建公平环境、降低经营成本、完善投融资政策、加大财政支持力度、促进科技支持、落实法律支持,以期畅通沟通渠道,吸引民营经济参与林草业生态修复保护,促进林草业高质量发展。 相似文献
19.
The forest industry continues to be men dominated, dependent on forest owners' supply of raw material and of significant importance to the national and local economy and economic development in Sweden. The interconnection between masculinity and the work, knowledge, forest owners and professionals in the sector contributes to exclusion of women. In response to this, women forest owners have formed networks in different local areas. Through focus group interviews, this study examined the strategies, functions and positions of these networks, both in their individual locations and the overall policy processes of gender mainstreaming of the sector, to scrutinise the reproduction of gender inequities and the gendered notion of forestry. The results show how the networks are acting to expand the discursive space, establish alternative publics and empower their members by inventing and circulating counterdiscourses. The different strategies adopted by the networks appear to have emerged in response to contemporary political processes. The conclusion is that one single public sphere cannot encompass the diversity of the contemporary forestry sector, indicating a need to contain a multiplicity of publics, both to challenge the modes of deliberation that mask domination and to facilitate transformative processes. 相似文献
20.
Gerhard Weiss Suzanne Martin Anne Matilainen Birger Vennesland Carmen Nastase Erlend Nybakk Laura Bouriaud 《Small-Scale Forestry》2007,6(4):423-442
This article examines innovation processes in forest recreational services on the basis of case studies in five European countries
with differing institutional backgrounds of forest ownership and access rights. The analysis reveals that forest-related recreation
services are developed under varying institutional conditions and on public as well as private land. Ideas for innovations
in recreational services may come from within but often outside the forestry sector. Financing is provided from public and
private sources. Both public and private spheres have important roles in providing natural, human and financial resources
and usually a network of public and private actors are involved in innovation processes. Of particular importance are cross-sectoral
interactions between forestry and tourism. Greater institutional support is needed for the development of forest-related recreation
services because the field is at an early stage of development. It is concluded that support should focus on providing ideas
and financial resources for product development and on facilitating cross-sectoral interaction between forestry and tourism
actors. A particular need is seen for development of models for durable interaction between land owners and tourism operators
on a regional scale. 相似文献