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[目的] 分析不透水地表比的时空分布,探究城市的发展潜力,为城市水土保持等规划与后续发展提供参考意见。[方法] 以深圳市作为研究区,选取1979—2020年9期共18景Landsat 3/5/7/8影像为主要数据源影像提取不透水面比例作为参考数据,结合不透水面平均中心、标准差椭圆和景观格局指数分析深圳市不透水面时空格局分布。[结果] ①1979—2020年深圳市整体不透水面比例呈增长趋势,1990—2010年增长速率和增长强度最高,后逐渐变缓; ②由于深圳市发展的不平衡,1979—2000年,发展重心持续向着东北方向移动,随后2000—2010年,重心向西北方向迁移,2010年后,重心在东西方向上有所移动。总的来看,深圳市的发展方向主要为东—西; ③景观格局变化显示各等级不透水面景观分布渐趋均衡,分布趋势从破碎到聚集度越来越高,连接性在逐渐增强。[结论] 不透水面增长的不同阶段具有不同的时空分布规律,不同密度不透水面分别有各自的变化特点,降低高密度不透水面的聚集程度对城市未来发展具有积极影响。 相似文献
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不透水面是城市的基质景观和地表覆被的典型特征,主导着城市景观格局与过程,也是城市环境变化的主要因素之一。利用Landsat ETM+卫星影像探测获得昆明市2000-2010年3个时相的主城区不透水面信息,采取修正的归一化水体指数进行水体的剔除,排除水体对不透水面提取精度的影响。利用城市不透水面与植被覆盖度负相关的联系,进而提取研究区不透水面信息。所提取信息精度较高,能较好地反映出城市扩张的趋势,以及对城市周边生态环境的破坏程度。研究结果表明,昆明市主城区的不透水面面积在近10a间明显增加,城市不断地向郊区扩张,极大地影响了周边生态环境,郊县植被覆盖率严重下降。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学空间分布特征,为揭示峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局动态变化和生态保护的可持续发展提供理论参考和指导。[方法] 利用形态学空间分析(MSPA)方法对岩溶石漠化景观识别、处理、分类得到核心、环线等互不重叠的7类景观类型,应用景观动态度、景观格局指数、景观转移矩阵和热点分析探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学时空演变特征。 [结果] ①2000年形态学景观类型分布最广(190.60 km2),2022年分布最少(147.32 km2),在形态学景观类型中核心是研究区内主要的景观类型,2000年面积最大为121.62 km2,2022年面积最少为76.05 km2,主要分布在研究区西北部和南部区域;孤岛在形态学景观类型中面积最小,其面积1990年最少为1.12 km2,2022年最多为3.07 km2,孤岛和分支等景观类型分散分布在各核心之间。 ②研究区形态学景观空间分布趋于分散,且形态学景观多样性、复杂程度和景观破碎化程度增加;研究时段内,形态学景观类型单一动态度分别为0.10,-0.18和-2.13,说明形态学景观面积呈现收缩趋势并且形态学景观类型1990—2000年发育最为剧烈,2000—2010年发育最为平缓。 ③形态学景观类型转移方向主要是核心景观类型转移为边缘和孔隙景观类型,总体来看形态学景观主要转移方向是形态学景观转移为背景,并且背景的转入量大于转出量。高—高聚集区域呈现出向磨合村、老街村和安乐村扩张的趋势,低—低聚集区域呈现出向三光村和老街村扩张的趋势。 [结论] 研究区形态学景观面积处于快速减少阶段且形态学景观类型趋于复杂,核心是主要的形态学景观类型,形态学景观的演变特征主要由核心的变化导致。 相似文献
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[目的] 研究人类活动对近年来鄱阳湖流域陆地植被覆盖变化的作用机制，为推动该流域乃至长江流域生态系统健康发展提供理论依据。[方法] 基于鄱阳湖流域最新MODIS增强型植被指数(EVI)数据产品，并结合气象数据以及土地利用和人口数据，采用趋势分析、残差分析、相关分析等方法，分析研究区2000—2020年流域陆地植被覆盖变化特征，深入探讨了人类活动作用的影响机制。[结果] 近20 a来鄱阳湖流域地表植被状况明显改善，植被EVI呈显著上升趋势(p<0.05)；流域人类活动整体上对植被EVI的增加起着重要的促进作用。在城镇化新扩张区域表现出明显的抑制作用；在流域尺度上，人类活动对EVI增长的贡献率达到32.48%，不同子流域间人类活动的平均贡献率为30%～43%。鄱阳湖流域植被EVI及其残差趋势在人口密度增加0～100人/km2和400～500人/km2时，分别出现了一个峰值。这一结果主要得益于近年来江西省社会经济快速发展和生态文明建设理念的驱动，广大乡村地区人口密度的小幅增加(0～100人/km2)比单纯的人口流失区更能有效改善地表植被状况。与此同时，城市区域人口密度增加幅度在一定区间时(400～500人/km2)也能促进地表植被状况的改善。[结论] 人类活动是地表植被覆盖变化的重要促进因素，高质量发展中的“绿色”“协调”理念对生态环境的改善至关重要。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究景观格局演变和地表径流变化的时空相关性,为有效缓解城市内涝,保障城市生态安全提供理论支撑。[方法] 以2000—2019年遥感影像为数据集,提取西安市主城区景观格局空间分布图,结合实际土地利用数据进行修正。利用SCS模型、景观格局指数、ArcGIS和皮尔逊相关性分析方法,研究西安市主城区景观格局动态变化与地表径流变化间的关系。[结果] ①2000—2019年研究区景观格局呈现出高连通高聚集,斑块形状规则化,均质稳定化,景观蔓延度下降等的发展趋势。同期,研究区地表径流深度逐年增加,但径流深度增加量随时间动态变化呈下降趋势,其中2000—2005,2005—2010,2010—2015,2015—2019年分别增加了4.99,4.95,3.55和3.33 mm,说明景观格局对地表径流量的滞留作用逐渐增大。②景观格局指数变化率与地表径流量年增长率呈显著相关性。其中建设用地等人工景观指数变化率和地表径流量年增长率呈显著正相关,相反绿地、耕地、水域等自然景观指数变化率与地表径流量年增长率呈负相关关系。③借助城市生态廊道及生态节点构建内涝防治生态系统,并对城市不透水面高度集中的地区进行拆分,增设城市绿色基础设施,构建源头减排的内涝防治景观格局。[结论] 景观格局演变对地表径流变化具有显著影响,景观格局优化能有效促进城市良性水循环,减缓内涝的发生。 相似文献
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[目的] 分析重庆市土地利用时空演变规律,探究土地利用转型及景观格局响应的演变特征与城镇化的关系,为重庆市"三生"土地规划与城镇化可持续发展提供数据支持。[方法] 基于"三生空间"功能分类的视角构建用地分类标准,利用2000,2010,2020年土地遥感影像和夜间灯光数据,采用转移矩阵、相关性分析及回归分析法进行分析。[结果] ①2000-2020年重庆市生产、生态空间总体减少,生活空间持续扩张。2000-2010年,生产、生态空间减少191.87,252.95 km2,生活空间增大446.03 km2;2010-2020年,生产空间面积减少13.76 km2,生态空间减少324.05 km2,生活空间增大314.87 km2。②重庆市生产功能向生活功能转化较为明显。随着城镇化加强,生态空间转向生产空间显著,功能转变明显聚集于重庆市中心区域。③重庆市空间景观破碎度减小,景观复杂度逐渐提高,林草水生态空间占据主导优势。④2000-2010,2010-2020年土地利用面积变化对夜间灯光值的影响存在差异;2000年,城镇生活空间、农村生活空间变化对夜间灯光变化影响起主导作用,而2020年工业生产空间、城镇生活空间变化对夜间灯光变化影响较强。[结论] 重庆市各类空间发生相互转换,利用不同"三生"空间类型变化和城镇化的关系,推动土地规划与城镇化协调发展。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究黄河流域近20 a土地利用变化并对2030年土地利用进行预测,分析景观格局指数,揭示生态风险状况,助力黄河流域景观保护修复和规划治理。[方法] 使用FLUS模型,根据2000,2010,2020年土地利用数据,结合社会、经济、地形、气候等因子对该区2030年土地利用状况进行预测,通过景观指数构建景观生态风险指数,并进行深入分析探讨。[结果] ①2000—2020年耕地面积减少12 150 km2,林地面积增加2 514 km2,建设用地面积增加10 620 km2。②黄河流域优势景观为草地和耕地,但优势性逐渐降低,整体景观连通性增加、聚集性减弱,景观多样性呈增长趋势,但整体仍不均衡。③工作区景观生态风险以低、较低风险为主,中风险为辅,共占该区总面积88%以上,各生态风险区在空间上相对稳定,在时间上呈逐步恶化趋势。④预测2030年建设用地面积增速减缓,耕地、草地、未利用地面积继续减少,景观破碎度增加,低、较低生态风险区域增加1.12%,高风险区域增加0.26%,其余风险区域变化较小。[结论] 国家人口增长、城市逐步扩张对土地利用影响巨大,进而导致景观破碎,加之黄河流域环境脆弱,风沙强度大,荒漠化程度高,区域生态风险增高,需要国家更加关注该区域的生态保护和高质量发展。 相似文献
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马来西亚吉隆坡市土地利用变化特征分析与预测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的] 揭示快速城市化过程中港口城市土地利用景观格局变化规律,为当地编制土地利用规划提供科学依据。[方法] 以马来西亚吉隆坡市2000,2005,2010,2015,2020年5期遥感影像为基础数据,基于交互式数据语言（IDL）,采用指数分类法提取土地利用信息,并应用RS,GIS技术和景观生态学方法对吉隆坡市2000—2020年土地利用景观格局变化进行研究,最后采用灰色预测模型预测2025年吉隆坡市土地利用数据。[结果] 2000—2020年吉隆坡市种植园和林地大幅减少,建设用地迅速增加,港口与城市圈中部区域种植园主要转化为建设用地;土地利用景观形状趋于复杂化、不规则化,景观类型空间连通性降低,景观异质性增强;2025年吉隆坡市建设用地和种植园面积分别为1 624.12 km2和2 216.99 km2,与往年相比,建设用地增加,种植园减少。[结论] 2025年吉隆坡市土地利用类型仍主要以种植园为主。宏观来看,随着城市的快速发展,种植园的数量持续减少。未来发展规划需进一步合理规划土地利用方式,提高土地利用效率,加大对种植园的保护力度。 相似文献
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[目的] 探讨辽宁省抚顺市退耕还林以来土地利用格局时空变化特征及生态环境效应,揭示土地利用格局变化对环境的影响,为该区土地利用结构优化提供科学依据。[方法] 以2000,2010和2020年3期遥感影像为基础数据,通过土地利用动态度、土地利用程度综合指数、土地利用转移矩阵、NDVI差值分析、区域生态环境质量指数等方法定量分析抚顺市土地利用格局时空变化特征及生态环境效应。[结果] ①2000—2020年研究区各种土地类型存在相互转化的关系,其中林地和耕地变化较为明显。20 a间,耕地面积减少825.59 km2,增长率-7.32%;林地面积增加591.14 km2,增长率5.24%;城镇用地面积增加182.36 km2,增长率1.62%; ②2000,2010和2020年研究区土地利用程度综合指数分别为224.48,225.57和226.12,同比增长0.49%和0.24%,研究区土地开发利用强度缓慢上升; ③研究区20 a间植被覆盖整体呈上升趋势,NDVI减少的区域与城镇用地的扩张区域基本重合; ④3个时期土地利用类型转化的生态环境质量指数分别为0.744 8,0.775 4和0.782 6,10 a间环境质量生态指数分别上升4.11%和0.93%,环境质量整体呈上升趋势。[结论] 20 a间研究区快速推进城镇化进程的同时环境质量整体向好,局部范围内生态环境质量改善与恶化并存。城镇用地、耕地、林地之间的转化为主要原因,退耕还林等环境保护政策使研究区环境质量不断上升,但随着时间的推移,上升趋势趋于平缓。 相似文献
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抚仙湖流域生态用地时空演变及其驱动因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的] 研究生态用地时空演变规律及形成机制,为维持区域生态平衡和保障生态文明建设提供科学参考。[方法] 运用土地利用变化幅度、洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、回归分析及GIS技术等方法,分析2010-2018年抚仙湖流域生态用地时空演变特征及其形成机理。[结果] ①抚仙湖流域生态用地以耕地、林地和水域及水利设施用地为主。8 a来,耕地面积减少5.15 km2,林地面积减少1.94 km2,草地面积减少0.81 km2,园地面积减少0.19 km2,其他土地面积减少1.40 km2,水域及水利设施用地面积增加0.03 km2。②流域各种生态用地空间分布差异较大,耕地、林地空间分布较均匀,洛伦兹曲线比较靠近绝对均匀线,基尼系数居0~0.25之间。草地、园地、水域及水利设施用地和其他土地分布相对集中,洛伦兹曲线下凹程度较大,基尼系数多处于0.5之上。生态用地空间分布不均的趋势有所加强。③从驱动机制来看,导致流域生态用地时空变化的主要驱动因素为人口密度、城镇化水平、政策、到主要公路距离、到水域距离、到城镇建成区距离。[结论] 研究时段内,抚仙湖流域生态用地时空变化较显著,其变化是自然条件、社会经济条件及空间区位条件多种因素协同作用的结果。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献