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1.
禾谷镰刀菌营养缺陷型的诱导与特性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用紫外线、γ射线和亚硝基胍处理禾谷镰刀菌菌株,经菌丝过滤法,获得4株稳定的营养缺陷型。其中1株为精氨酸缺陷型,1株为蛋氨酸缺陷型。比较禾谷镰刀菌营养缺陷型与野生型菌株的培养性状和致病力,表明营养缺陷型菌株生长速度慢,气生菌丝少,色泽淡,产孢能力下降,子囊壳形成能力丧失,致病力变弱。 相似文献
2.
麦类禾谷镰刀菌致病性鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
江苏各地禾谷镰刀菌菌株间的致病力有强弱的不同,小麦品种对江苏禾谷镰刀菌菌株的抗病性也有强弱不同,但无一品种免疫。江苏各地禾谷镰刀菌菌株的致病力和品种的抗病性都没有特异性差异,所以,还不能认为江苏的禾谷镰刀菌有不同的生理小种存在。建议在江苏可以当地毒性较强的菌株作为麦类赤霉病抗病性鉴定的对象。 相似文献
3.
镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性与其致病力相关分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验采用菌丝生长速率法测定了大蒜根系分泌物对3种供试植物病原镰刀菌的抑菌活性, 并进一步分析了18株从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌和12株从小麦赤霉病样分离的禾谷镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性及致病力之间的关系。研究结果表明, 大蒜根系分泌物对供试镰刀菌均具有抑制活性, 但从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌对根系分泌物的敏感性低于其他菌株。致病力分析结果表明, 供试的18株尖孢镰刀菌均能使蒜瓣发病, 但致病力与其对根系分泌物的敏感性无明显相关性; 供试的禾谷镰刀菌中对根系分泌物不敏感的4株菌株能侵染蒜瓣, 但敏感性高的菌株不能侵染蒜瓣, 且根系分泌物对禾谷镰刀菌的抑制率与禾谷镰刀菌致病力之间呈显著的负相关。这表明大蒜根系分泌抑菌物质是根系抵御镰刀菌侵染的重要机制, 但一些菌株能对根系分泌物产生抗性, 从而侵染大蒜。综上所述, 大蒜根系分泌物对镰刀菌具有抑制活性, 可以利用大蒜和其他作物间作或轮作控制镰刀菌枯萎病的发生和蔓延, 但长期利用大蒜轮作或间作控制土传病害可能面临镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物产生抗性, 导致防效降低的风险。 相似文献
4.
禾谷镰刀菌菌落角变的观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
引起小麦赤霉病的禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schw.)在PDA平板上可产生菌落角变。角变菌落有扇形、半月形及放射形等多种,角变率为4.3-11.4%,平均8.1%,扇形的角变菌落特征一般为深苋红色,气生菌丝很少或没有。经连续移植后,角变菌落也不稳定,并较亲本菌落生长速度慢,分生孢子和子囊壳产生能力下降或丧失,对小麦寄主的致病力减弱。在连续移植过程中,角变菌株陆续恢复为亲本性状。 相似文献
5.
陕西省小麦茎基腐病病原菌鉴定及其致病力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确陕西省小麦茎基腐病病原菌的组成及其致病力,于2019年小麦灌浆期在陕西省宝鸡市、咸阳市、西安市和渭南市共63个采样点采集具有茎基腐病典型症状的病株,对其进行组织分离,结合培养性状和形态学特征,以及利用ITS和EF-1α序列分析鉴定分离菌株所属类群,并对不同病原菌进行致病力分析。结果表明：共分离到224株菌株,基于形态学特征和分子生物学鉴定结果,其中201株菌株鉴定为假禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium pseudograminearum,3株菌株鉴定为禾谷镰刀菌F. graminearum,14株菌株鉴定为三线镰刀菌F. tricinctum,6株菌株鉴定为层出镰刀菌F. proliferatum,其中假禾谷镰刀菌占总分离菌株的89.73%,是陕西省小麦茎基腐病的优势病原菌。不同种的镰刀菌对小麦植株均有一定的致病性,但假禾谷镰刀菌的致病力最强,而且分离自不同地区或者同一地区的假禾谷镰刀菌株间的致病力也存在一定分化。 相似文献
6.
本文是报道一种简易的方法诱发Gibberella zeae的子囊壳,以鉴定禾谷镰刀菌的菌株。即:在泥钵内装灭菌的砂或(石至)石,其上种植纯菌株培养的带菌麦粒,然后在钵面复盖消毒纱布,并保持砂和纱布的潮湿。在20℃和装置20瓦黑光灯为光源照射的温箱中,3~6天形成子囊壳,10~12天发育成熟的子囊孢子,提供镜检鉴定。在15~25℃的自然散射光下,供试的481个禾谷镰刀菌菌株,获同样结果。同时,选用其他四种镰刀菌(即燕麦、锐顶、串珠、雪腐镰刀菌)和禾谷镰刀菌的代表菌株,进行交错污染试验,在限定的观察时间内,未见有相互干扰。
禾谷镰刀菌寄主广,所致麦、玉米上的病害损失大。本研究所提出的方法可以解决该菌在PSA培养基上大型分生孢子不易产生或产生亦形态多变所造成鉴定上的困难,且在病害测报和防治研究上有其应用价值。 相似文献
禾谷镰刀菌寄主广,所致麦、玉米上的病害损失大。本研究所提出的方法可以解决该菌在PSA培养基上大型分生孢子不易产生或产生亦形态多变所造成鉴定上的困难,且在病害测报和防治研究上有其应用价值。 相似文献
7.
缺氧诱导脱氢酶(hypoxia-induced dehydrogenase, HorA)参与辅酶Q(coenzyme Q, CoQ)的生物合成。在禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)基因组中确定了一个缺氧诱导脱氢酶基因,命名为FgHorA。通过同源重组的方法获得FgHorA敲除突变体。研究发现,FgHorA敲除突变体出现生长和产孢的缺陷,并且延迟了分生孢子萌发,FgHorA突变体不能产生子囊壳。FgHorA突变体在小麦胚芽鞘上的致病力和产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)毒素含量明显下降。FgHorA突变体表现出对盐胁迫的抗性提高,而对氧胁迫抗性降低。此外,FgHorA突变体产生的内源性活性氧明显减少。研究结果表明,禾谷镰刀菌FgHorA参与菌丝生长、无性和有性生殖、胁迫反应和致病性。 相似文献
8.
1975年2月我们在昆明郊区采集镰刀菌过程中,从蚕豆镰刀菌基腐病的标本上分离到两个燕麦镰刀茵的菌株Y088和Y089,在PSA、PDA和米饭培养基上Y088都只产生菌丝体,不产生黏孢团或分生孢子梗座,表现为一个典型的菌丝型镰刀菌;从菌丝上产生两种类型的大型分生孢子,一种为通常的燕麦镰刀菌型(avenaceum-type),另一为类似禾谷镰刀菌(graminearum-type)型。而Y089则只产生贴匐型肉桂色或赤褐色的黏孢团而不产生或只产生极小量气生菌丝,且大型分生孢子弯度较大,是一个典型的黏孢团菌株。使用了11个科41种栽培和野生植物的寄主范围测定表明,两个菌株均能侵染蚕豆和豌豆,轻度侵染苕子,但其致病力较之强致病力的对照菌株Y086为弱,pH值、温度、光照与黑暗处理几项常规生理反应测定表明,两个菌株与对照(Y086,N117)在孢子产生数量上有明显的差别,且单孢子茵落平均生长速度均表现一定的差异显著性,鉴于两个菌株在培养性状、孢子形态以及生理反应与对照菌株均有一定的差异显著性,由于两菌株在自然界主要是单独的或混合的侵染蚕豆引起基腐病、故将其分别命名为燕麦镰刀菌的新型如下:
Y088 Fusariumavenaceum(Fr·) Sacc·f·fabarum Ruan et al·f·nov·(蚕豆其腐病病菌).
089 Fusarium avenaceum(Fr·) Sacc·f·fabalis Ruan et al.f.nov.(蚕豆基腐病病菌). 相似文献
Y088 Fusariumavenaceum(Fr·) Sacc·f·fabarum Ruan et al·f·nov·(蚕豆其腐病病菌).
089 Fusarium avenaceum(Fr·) Sacc·f·fabalis Ruan et al.f.nov.(蚕豆基腐病病菌). 相似文献
9.
为挖掘新型药剂的潜在靶标,利用靶向基因敲除和互补技术研究赤霉病病原菌禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum中必需氨基酸亮氨酸合成酶编码基因FgLEU1的功能,并测定禾谷镰刀菌的生物学表型。结果表明,FgLEU1编码亮氨酸合成途径中的3-异丙基苹果酸脱水酶,其敲除突变体表现亮氨酸营养缺陷。生物学表型测定结果显示,与野生型菌株相比,FgLEU1敲除突变体的产孢量和孢子萌发率显著下降,产孢量仅为野生型菌株的20.96%,培养4 h后孢子萌发率下降了49.45%,且合成脱氧雪腐镰刀烯醇（呕吐毒素）能力丧失,在麦穗上的致病力下降,仅能侵染接种小穗,赤霉病症状不能扩展。外源添加一定量的亮氨酸、FgLeu1催化产物或导入含启动子的全长FgLEU1基因可以恢复敲除突变体表型缺陷。表明FgLEU1基因在禾谷镰刀菌亮氨酸合成、菌丝孢子形成及产毒致病过程中发挥着重要作用,可作为新型安全杀菌剂的潜在研发靶标,用于持续有效控制麦类赤霉病和镰刀菌毒素。 相似文献
10.
1978~1981年采集54个县市小麦病穗标样,单孢分离获1081菌株。经室内外综合鉴定明确本省引起小麦赤霉病的致病病原有禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium gra-minearum Schwabe),雪腐镰刀菌[F.nival (Fr.) Ces.],本色镰刀菌(F.concolor Rg.),弯角镰刀菌(F.camptoceras Wr.&Rg.),串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliforme Sheld),硫色镰刀菌(F.sulphureum schecht Sacc.)和燕麦镰刀菌草类变种(F.avenaceum var.herberum)。其中禾谷镰刀菌分离频率最高,占绝对优势,分布遍及全省。7个种致病力测定,F=10.48,F> 0.01,不同种致病力差异极显著;禾谷镰刀菌、弯角镰刀菌和硫色镰刀菌致病力最强。 相似文献
11.
Sebastian A. Stenglein Monica Aulicino Ana M. Arambarri Pedro A. Balatti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(2):173-180
The slow growth rate of the fungus Phaeoisariopsis griseola and the availability of a homogeneous highly concentrated inoculum is an important constraint for pathogenicity or virulence studies, where plant inoculations are needed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of supplementing culture media with Amaranthus cruentus seed meal on fungal growth and sporulation of isolates of P. griseola belonging to the Mesoamerican and Andean groups. The amendment of PDA or V8 media with A. cruentus seed meal resulted in a considerable increase in the number of conidia and also in their capacity to germinate; this depended mostly on the stage of maturity of conidia. Mesoamerican and Andean isolates produced a different number of conidia when cultured in vitro. Furthermore, while in Mesoamerican isolates a second degree polynomial represented the relationship between number of conidia and amount of A. cruentus supplementation, in Andean isolates the relationship was linear. It seems that either one or several of the nutritional factors provided by A. cruentus contributed to the increased production of conidia and their development, resulting in faster development of the disease and an earlier appearance of symptoms. Therefore, for cultural studies, especially for inoculum production and for pathogenicity evaluations, supplementation of the media with A. cruentus seed meal proved to be a good alternative. 相似文献
12.
番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的抗性诱变及抗药突变体的生物学特性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为评估番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea对咯菌腈的抗性风险,就室内经紫外照射获得抗药突变体的方法及抗性突变体的生物学性状进行了研究。结果表明:番茄灰霉病菌分生孢子的紫外照射亚致死时间为90~120 s;经亚致死时间紫外照射后,4个亲本菌株中有2个菌株共产生了6个抗咯菌腈的突变体,其EC50值是亲本菌株的310倍以上,抗性突变频率为3.13×10-7;经紫外照射诱变获得的所有抗性突变体在菌丝生长速率、产孢量、产菌核能力及其在番茄果实上的致病性方面均比其亲本菌株明显降低。相关分析显示,所得抗咯菌腈突变体对氟啶胺、啶菌唑、啶酰菌胺和嘧霉胺无交互抗性。表明番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的抗药性风险较低。 相似文献
13.
E.K. Kiprop A.W. Mwang'ombe J.P. Baudoin P.M. Kimani G. Mergeai 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(2):147-154
Seventy-nine single-spore isolates of Fusarium udum, the causal agent of wilt disease of pigeonpea, from Kenya, India and Malawi were characterized according to their cultural characteristics, pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility group (VCG). The isolates exhibited high variation in pathogenicity on a wilt-susceptible pigeonpea variety, and in mycelial growth and sporulation on potato dextrose agar medium. The 79 isolates were categorized into two virulence groups, two groups of radial mycelial growth and four groups of sporulation. Radial mycelial growth showed a moderate negative correlation (r = –0.40; P = 0.01) with sporulation. However, mycelial growth and sporulation had no correlation with virulence. Pairings between complementary nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants of F. udum generated on chlorate containing minimal medium revealed that all the isolates belonged to a single VCG (VCG 1) with two subgroups, VCG 1 I and VCG 1 II. Vegetative compatibility was independent of cultural characteristics and pathogenicity. This is the first report of vegetative compatibility in F. udum. 相似文献
14.
为明确甘肃省大麦条纹病病原菌麦类核腔菌Pyrenophora garminea的致病力分化、r DNA-ITS序列特征及变异,采用"三明治"法测定甘肃省大麦条纹菌的致病力,通过r DNA-ITS序列分析菌株间变异类型,并对菌株进行ISSR遗传多样性分析。结果表明,共筛选到43株大麦条纹病菌,生长7 d后的菌落直径为2.60~7.93 cm,其中菌株TB生长速度最快,菌株JT生长速度最慢,强、中等和弱致病力菌株分别为2、21和20株;43株菌的核糖体DNA-ITS序列与麦类核腔菌菌株SMCD2015同源性在99%以上;在9个菌株中检测到15个变异位点,共17种变异类型;8个ISSR标记从43个菌株中扩增出41条带,平均每个标记5.13条带,90.24%片段具有多态性,遗传相似系数为0.44~1.00,平均值为0.71,当遗传相似系数为0.68时,可将供试菌株划分为4个类群。表明甘肃省大麦条纹病病原菌存在致病力分化,菌株核糖体DNA-ITS序列变异丰富,且菌株间遗传结构复杂。 相似文献
15.
为揭示向日葵大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae Kleb.的致病机理,利用农杆菌介导法将带有潮霉素抗性标记和绿色荧光蛋白报告基因的双元载体转入大丽轮枝菌的分生孢子中并获得阳性转化子,以野生型菌株为对照,对随机挑取的阳性转化子的菌落形态、菌丝生长速率、产孢量、粗毒素分泌量和致病力进行了研究。结果表明,共获得800株阳性转化子,随机选取的40株阳性转化子中有2株的菌落只产生白色气生菌丝,不能形成黑色微菌核。与对照相比,40株转化子的生长速率均有不同程度降低,其中转化子A1生长速度降低最显著,菌落直径仅为3.28 cm,比对照下降了38.92%。40株转化子中有3株的产孢量高于对照,其中转化子A9的产孢量最高,为3.50×10~7个/mL,比对照提高1.10倍;转化子A1的产孢量最低,仅为1.35×10~7个/mL,比对照下降了19.16%。40株转化子中有4株的粗毒素分泌量较对照显著升高,占测定菌株的10%,有24株较对照显著降低,占60%,其余12株与对照无显著差异。40株转化子中有3株的致病力较对照显著增强,占测定菌株的7.5%;有7株的致病力较对照显著降低,占17.5%;其余30株与对照无显著差异。 相似文献
16.
为明确埃及吹绵蚧Icerya aegyptiaca昆虫病原真菌在生物防治中的应用潜力,采用生物测定法筛选得到产孢量高和致病力强的优势分离株,根据形态学特征和rDNA ITS序列分析对优势分离株进行鉴定,并对其室内毒力和温室防效进行测定。结果显示,筛选得到的优势分离株为IJID003,产孢量最高,可达8.51×10~6个/mL,且致病力最强,处理埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫5 d后,其校正死亡率为95.40%;根据形态学特征和r DNA ITS序列分析鉴定结果,确定该分离株为爪哇棒束孢Isaria javan‐ica。随着分离株IJID003接种浓度的增加,埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的校正死亡率也随之增加,致死中时间LT50则递减;在分生孢子浓度为1.00×10~8个/mL时,其对2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LT50最小,分别为1.89、2.29、2.31 d;随着接种后天数的延长,致死中浓度LC50减小,在接种后6 d,其对2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LC50最小,分别为1.25×10~3、2.04×10~4、8.37×10~5个/mL,表明分离株IJID003对埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫的毒力较其它2种虫态高;啶虫·毒死蜱2 000倍液对埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫的前期致死速率较快,而分离株IJID003在后期侵染速率较快,处理后6 d两者的防效无显著差异,效果相当。表明爪哇棒束孢分离株IJID003具有产孢量高且致病力强的特点,在埃及吹绵蚧生物防治中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
17.
武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌的抑制作用及对番茄抗病性相关酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用凹陷载玻片法测定了武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,在离体番茄叶片上测定了被武夷菌素处理后的番茄灰霉菌菌丝和分生孢子致病性的变化以及武夷菌素对番茄幼苗体内抗病性相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌的分生孢子有较强的抑制作用,其EC50为14.1μg／mL。浓度为100μg／mL的武夷菌素可完全抑制孢子的萌发。武夷菌素能使灰霉菌菌丝和分生孢子的致病性明显下降,同时还能诱导番茄体内抗病性相关酶(SOD、POD、PPO、PAL)活性的增强,提高番茄幼苗的抗病性。 相似文献
18.
Flowers on detached peach shoots and ripe fruit were inoculated under controlled conditions in order to estimate the competitive ability of Monilinia fructicola isolates sensitive and resistant to carbendazim and dicarboximide fungicides. Isolates varied considerably, but there was no consistent relationship between carbendazim resistance and competitive ability; there was, however, evidence of reduced competitive ability in the single dicarboximide-resistant and the dual dicarboximide/high carbendazim-resistant isolate examined. The ability to produce conidia on twig cankers inoculated in late spring 1989 was retained under field conditions by all sensitive and resistant isolates for at least 1 year. Dicarboximide-resistant isolates produced fewer conidia than the carbendazim-resistant and sensitive isolates on cankers. The production of conidia on mummified fruit inoculated in February 1990 decreased in the field during the winter and the following spring, but some conidia were produced by all isolates. Measures of pathogenicity, virulence and fitness for all isolates were similar to the original values after survival for 1 year. The evidence presented in this paper supports field observations that carbendazim-resistant isolates are likely to persist permanently in the M. fructicola population, whereas dicarboximide-resistant isolates are more likely to decline unless fungicide selection pressure is maintained. 相似文献
19.
The inoculum sources of ascospores of Pleospora allii and of conidia of its anamorph Stemphylium vesicarium were investigated in relation to the brown spot disease epidemiology on pear. Dead and living leaves of three pear varieties (Abate Fétel, Conference and William), seven grasses (Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Lolium perenne, Digitaria sanguinalis and Setaria glauca) and Trifolium repens, which are used in pear orchard lawns, were inoculated with conidia of Stemphylium vesicarium virulent on pear and incubated under controlled-environment. Stemphylium vesicarium was always re-isolated from dead leaves of the considered plants, but not from symptomless green or yellowish living leaves. The fungus was occasionally re-isolated from leaf segments showing unspecific necrosis. Inoculation of pear leaves with isolates from grasses demonstrated that the fungus did not lose pathogenicity. Pseudothecia, ascospores and conidia were produced on all the dead inoculated leaves; differences between specimens were found for phenology of pseudothecia, their density and size, and for the number of conidia produced. Pseudothecia were produced faster in the lawn species than in pear leaves, and their density was higher, especially for S. glauca, L. perenne and P. pratensis. Ascospore maturation and ejection was more concentrated for the pseudothecia developed on pear leaves than for those on F. ovina and S. glauca. All the lawn species produced more conidia than pear leaves. 相似文献
20.
The objective of the current study was to characterize Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum isolates from cucumbers in Turkey in terms of pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility and amplified fragment length polymorphism
(AFLP) variation. In the 2007 and 2008 greenhouse cucumber-growing seasons, surveys were conducted in Adana, Antalya, Hatay
and Mersin provinces of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Forty-seven fungal isolates of F. oxysporum were recovered from diseased cucumber plants. The pathogenicity of each isolate was tested on cucumber seedlings at the one-true-leaf
stage. Forty of the 47 isolates of F. oxysporum were virulent on cucumber seedlings. Based on disease symptoms, the differential effect of temperatures of 17°C and 29°C
on disease development, and the virulence on cucumber seedlings, these 40 isolates were identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. Nitrate non-utilizing mutants were generated on minimal medium containing 1.5% KClO3 and their phenotypes were determined. Mutants in different phenotypic classes were paired on minimal medium; of 40 F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum isolates, thirty-eight were placed into VCG 0260. Remaining two strains were assigned to VCG 0261. The AFLP primers produced
a total of 180 fragments between 200 and 500 bp in length for the 30 isolates tested. At a genetic similarity of 0.71, the
UPGMA analysis separated the isolates into two distinct clusters. The first cluster, AFLP I, included 28 isolates, of which
all belonged to VCG 0260. Two strains in the second AFLP cluster both belonged to VCG 0261. 相似文献