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1.
Cerebrospinal fluid samples from 9 dogs given 84 mg of metrizamide/kg of body weight intrathecally were collected at intervals from 3 hours to 30 days after treatment and were compared with CSF samples collected before metrizamide treatment (base line) and with samples taken at similar intervals from 2 nontreated control dogs. Increased CSF albumin (mean 19.2 mg/dl) and immunoglobulin (Ig) G (mean 5.91 mg/dl) concentrations occurred 1 day after myelography, compared with base-line concentrations (6.15 and 1.24 mg/dl, respectively) and with concentrations from controls. Immunoglobulin M and IgA concentrations also were increased in some of these samples. However, immediately after myelography (3 hours after treatment) CSF albumin and IgG concentrations were comparable with those of controls, and these values returned to base line within 5 days of myelography and remained so for 30 days. A high correlation between albumin and IgG concentrations of individual CSF samples indicated the likelihood that leakage across the blood-CSF barrier was the origin of the increased values. A transient increase in CSF leukocytes, consisting of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, was also noticed 1 day after treatment but not at other times and not in controls. Nonsuppurative, predominately histiocytic meningitis of decreasing intensity was noticed in dogs euthanatized at 1 or 5 days, but not in dogs euthanatized at 10, 20, or 30 days after treatment. The meningeal cells stained intensely with periodic acid-Schiff stain and intracellular contrast medium was ultrastructurally apparent in phagolysosomes. Control dogs killed after 30 days did not have these changes. The intrathecal administration of metrizamide resulted in transient leakage of serum components into CSF and an accompanying transient meningitis.  相似文献   

2.
Gastric conduit urinary diversion was performed in 10 dogs after complete cystectomy. Four dogs were euthanatized on day 30 because of hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and renal failure. Hematologic and biochemical changes in six dogs evaluated for 120 days were compatible with hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. The continuous loss of hydrochloric acid from the gastric conduit resulted in significant increases in arterial blood pH, PaCO2, anion gap, TCO2, and the concentration of HCO3-. There were significant decreases in PaO2 and the serum concentrations of chloride and potassium. Deterioration of renal function resulted in all dogs. It was concluded that hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis makes gastric conduit urinary diversion unsatisfactory for clinical use in dogs.  相似文献   

3.
The prophylactic value of mouse monoclonal antibodies to the pig pathogen Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was studied. Approximately 250 mg of purified mouse monoclonal antibody specific to capsular antigens of H pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was given IV to five 9-week-old pigs. Five additional pigs from the same litter served as controls. On the following day, all pigs were given a lethal dose (5 x 10(9)) of H pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 into the trachea. Four controls and 1 pig that was given antibodies died within 24 hours. The surviving 5 pigs developed typical signs of pleuropneumonia. After 6 days, the pigs were euthanatized and their respiratory tracts were examined for pathologic changes. All 5 pigs had pathologic changes, but they were less severe in the 4 pigs that had been given antibodies, compared with those in the control pig.  相似文献   

4.
Forty-two Beagles, 14 to 15 weeks of age, were injected subcutaneously with 50 infective larvae of Dirofilaria immitis and were allotted by weight, within sex, to 6 treatment groups. Group 1 served as nonmedicated vehicle-treated controls; groups 2 through 5 were given an oral tablet form of ivermectin at dosages of 0.3 micrograms/kg, 1.0 micrograms/kg, 2.0 micrograms/kg, and 3.3 micrograms/kg at 30 days after inoculation; group 6 was given the 2.0 micrograms/kg dosage at 45 days after inoculation. Dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 154 days after treatment (day 139 for dogs in group 6) and examined for heartworms. On the numerical bases of helminths recovered in the groups, the efficacies for preventing heartworm maturation were 0% (group 2), 53.2% (group 3), 97.2% (group 4), 98.1% (group 5), and 63.8% (group 6). Drug-related adverse reactions were not detected.  相似文献   

5.
Ceftiofur sodium, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for safe use in horses. Male or female horses were allotted to groups and were given either saline solution (control), or 2.2, 6.6, or 11 mg of an aqueous solution of ceftiofur sodium/kg of body weight/d, IM, for 30 or 31 days. These dosages are expressed in terms of the ceftiofur free acid, and represent 1 to 5 times the proposed therapeutic dosage (2.2 mg/kg/d) administered for 3 times the maximal recommended duration of 10 days. Some of the horses were euthanatized and necropsied on day 31 or 32. The other horses were evaluated for an additional 30 days, and some were euthanatized and necropsied on day 60. The following types of data were collected: clinical observation; physical examination; pelleted food consumption; body weight; hematologic, serum biochemical, and urinalysis findings; organ weight; gross necropsy observations; and histopathologic findings. Ceftiofur sodium was generally well tolerated at the exaggerated doses and treatment durations used in these safety studies. Slight to mild decrease in pelleted food consumption was detected in horses given 6.6 or 11 mg of ceftiofur sodium/kg/d. Decreased food consumption began on day 2 and lasted for approximately 9 to 12 days. Generally, mild skeletal muscle irritation was detected by gross and microscopic examination of the injection sites of horses given ceftiofur sodium. Prevalence and severity of the muscle irritation tended to increase with increasing concentration of the dosing solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

6.
Twenty-four specific-pathogen-free Beagles were each given 50 cysticerci of Taenia pisiformis that had been harvested from experimentally infected rabbits. Quantitative fecal egg counts and fecal screening for recovery of passed segments were performed on postinoculation days 56 through 70. Twenty-three of 24 dogs fed cysticerci developed patent infections. The 23 dogs with patent infections were assigned to 1 of 2 groups and treated with nitroscanate or a placebo 60 days after inoculation. Egg counts in the treated dogs had markedly decreased by the second day after treatment, and by the sixth day after treatment, segments were not found in the feces of any of the treated animals. The control dogs continued to pass eggs and segments in their feces throughout the 9 days after treatment. The dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 70 days after being inoculated. At necropsy, the mean number of scolices recovered from control dogs was 24.6, the mean number of scolices recovered from treated dogs was 0.25. Worms recovered from the control dogs were intact, gravid cestodes. Efficacy of treatment with nitroscanate at a mean dosage of 56 mg/kg of body weight was 98.9%.  相似文献   

7.
The urinary bladder of 10 clinically normal dogs was excised and the ureters were implanted into an isolated, vagotomized gastric segment derived from the fundic region of the stomach. The gastric segment was closed to form a conduit. Continence was maintained with a modified Kock "nipple valve" created from an isolated segment of ileum. Four dogs were euthanatized by day 30 because of complications related to the early onset of renal failure and electrolyte alterations. Six dogs were euthanatized on day 150. Ureteral dilatation, hydronephrosis, and decreased endogenous creatinine clearance rates were measured in all dogs at the end of the survival period. Pyelonephritis was diagnosed histologically in seven dogs. Positive renal cultures were obtained from seven dogs at necropsy. It was concluded that gastric conduit urinary diversion is unsatisfactory for long-term or short-term clinical use in dogs.  相似文献   

8.
A musculocutaneous flap based on the prescapular branch of the superficial cervical artery and including the cervical part of the trapezius muscle and overlying skin was transplanted over a defect created on the medial side of the contralateral tibia in four dogs by using microvascular technique. The donor and recipient sites in three dogs were examined clinically for 21 days, after which they were examined angiographically and histologically. All dogs were free of lameness by hour 48. Seromas formed at the donor site between days 7 and 15. One vascular pedicle was traumatized at hour 40, and the dog was euthanatized. Three flaps survived with minimal necrosis. Edema of the flaps was severe from days 5 to 11. Angiograms showed complete perfusion of the flaps, and survival was confirmed histologically. Esthetic appearance and function were good in one dog at month 7.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To determine tissue depletion profiles for gentamicin and its 3 major components (C1, C1a, and C2) in turkeys. ANIMALS: Twenty 10-week-old male turkeys. PROCEDURE: birds were maintained as untreated controls. The remaining birds were treated with gentamicin sulfate at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, IM, once daily for 5 days. Treated birds were euthanatized 45, 60, 75, and 90 days (4 birds at each sample time) after the last dose of gentamicin was administered, and samples of muscle, liver, kidney, and skin and fat were collected. Control birds were euthanatized on day 45. Concentrations of the 3 major components of gentamicin were measured by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Total gentamicin concentration (ie, sum of the concentrations of the 3 major components) was < 100 microg/kg for all muscle and skin and fat samples by day 45 and all liver samples by day 75. At all sample times, concentration of the gentamicin C1 component was higher than concentrations of the C1a and C2 components in all tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that tissue depletion profiles of the 3 major components of gentamicin differ from each other. Withdrawal time, therefore, may depend on the ratio of the components in the pharmaceutical preparation used.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the microemulsified formulation of cyclosporine (MCsA; Neoral; Novartis A.G.), combined with azathioprine (Imuran; Glaxo Wellcome), and prednisolone (Delta-Cortef; Upjohn), would be effective in preventing acute renal allograft rejection in unrelated mongrel dogs. To document any toxic effects associated with this drug combination. STUDY DESIGN: rospective, pilot study. ANIMALS: Four healthy, adult, mongrel, canine renal allograft recipients. METHODS: Heterotopic renal transplantation, with bilateral nephrectomy, was performed in 4 dogs. Allografts were harvested from 2 unrelated dogs that were to be euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study. The dogs were treated for 100 days or until signs of illness or allograft rejection required euthanasia. Microemulsified cyclosporine (20 mg/kg/day), azathioprine (5 mg/kg every other day), and prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) were administered for the prevention of acute rejection. Body weight, serum biochemistry profiles, complete blood counts, and trough whole-blood cyclosporine concentrations were measured throughout the study. Cyclosporine dose was adjusted to maintain a trough concentration of 400-500 ng/mL. Azathioprine dose was decreased if evidence of hepatotoxicity developed or if the total blood white cell count was <4,000 cells/micro L. The prednisolone was tapered by 0.25 mg/kg increments every 3 weeks and discontinued 14 days before the end of the study in the surviving dogs. Complications were recorded. A complete necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed in each recipient. RESULTS: Two of the 4 dogs survived the 100-day period. One dog was euthanatized at 8 days because of an intestinal intussusception. One dog was euthanatized at 64 days because of a severe upper respiratory infection. At the time of death, these 2 dogs had plasma creatinine concentrations of 1.5 and 2.6 mg/dL, respectively, with no histopathologic evidence of allograft rejection. All dogs had transient weight loss (range, 4.6%-17.7% of preoperative body weight) between days 7 and 14. Two dogs had evidence of hepatotoxicity. The 2 dogs surviving to 100 days had normal serum creatinine concentrations and no clinical signs of rejection. One of these dogs had evidence of a grade IIa acute/active rejection based on the modified BANFF 97 histopathologic classification. The second dog had no evidence of rejection or inflammation within the allograft. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary experimental study shows that immunosuppression using MCsA, combined with azathioprine and prednisolone, may be effective in preventing acute renal allograft rejection in unrelated mongrel dogs for 100 days. Complications included ileocolic intussusception, upper respiratory infection, weight loss, and transient hepatotoxicity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Immunosuppression using MCsA, azathioprine, and prednisolone may be effective in preventing acute renal allograft rejection in unrelated, mongrel dogs. This triple drug protocol is cost-effective and was easy to administer. Further investigation is warranted to minimize toxic effects and to determine the efficacy of prophylactic renal biopsies to detect and treat subclinical acute/active rejection.  相似文献   

11.
A double-blind study was conducted to compare gastric ulcer healing time in nontreated dogs with that in dogs treated with either cimetidine or omeprazole. Single ulcers were created in the gastric antrum by use of a suction biopsy capsule. Each dog was given 25 mg of aspirin/kg of body weight orally for 20 days after ulcer induction. Five control dogs were given aspirin only (no anti-ulcer medication) during the 20-day study. Six dogs were given cimetidine at dosage of 10 mg/kg orally every 8 hours, and 6 dogs were given omeprazole orally at dosage of 2 mumol/kg (0.7 mg/kg) once daily. All dogs were examined endoscopically on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 and were given a score for the size of the mechanically created ulcer and a score for the degree of aspirin-induced gastritis. All dogs were euthanatized on day 21, and gastric lesions were examined histologically. Significant differences were not evident in ulcer healing scores or degree of aspirin-induced gastritis among treated and nontreated dogs on days 5, 10, 15, and 20. However, aspirin-induced gastritis was less severe in dogs of the omeprazole group than in dogs of the cimetidine or control group on each day observations were made. The effect of omeprazole given once daily was comparable with that of cimetidine given every 8 hours in lessening aspirin-induced gastritis.  相似文献   

12.
An orthotopic colon graft based on the middle colic artery and vein was implanted with microvascular technique and a stapling instrument in five dogs. The grafts were successful in four dogs. A similar colon autograft was used to replace the entire thoracic esophagus in five dogs. The recipient vessels were the left carotid artery and left external jugular vein. Four of the grafts failed because of kinking and thrombosis of the arterial supply (2 dogs) or the venous outflow (2 dogs). One graft, which had a viable vascular supply, developed a severe leak at the colon-to-stomach anastomosis, and the dog was euthanatized on day 3. The recipient vascular pedicle was modified and used successfully to replace a portion of the cervical esophagus in three dogs. The grafts survived, the dogs could swallow liquids and semisolid food well, and, at necropsy after 4 weeks, the anastomotic sites were well healed. The graft sites contained essentially normal colon mucosa.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment with selamectin would reduce clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) in dogs and cats housed in flea-infested environments. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 22 dogs and 17 cats confirmed to have FAD. PROCEDURE: Animals were housed in carpeted pens capable of supporting the flea life cycle and infested with 100 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on days -13 and -2 and on alternate weeks with 10 to 20 fleas. On day 0, 11 dogs and 8 cats were treated with selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb]). Dogs were retreated on day 30; cats were retreated on days 30 and 60. All animals were examined periodically for clinical signs of FAD. Flea counts were conducted at weekly intervals. RESULTS: Throughout the study, geometric mean flea counts exceeded 100 for control animals and were < or = 11 for selamectin-treated animals. Selamectin-treated cats had significant improvements in the severity of miliary lesions and scaling or crusting on days 42 and 84, compared with conditions on day -8, and in severity of excoriation on day 42. In contrast, control cats did not have any significant improvements in any of the clinical signs of FAD. Selamectin-treated dogs had significant improvements in all clinical signs on days 28 and 61, but in control dogs, severity of clinical signs of FAD was not significantly different from baseline severity at any time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that topical administration of selamectin, even without the use of supplementary environmental control measures and with minimal therapeutic intervention, can reduce the severity of clinical signs of FAD in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

14.
An orthotopic colon graft based on the middle colic artery and vein was implanted with microvascular technique and a stapling instrument in five dogs. The grafts were successful in four dogs. A similar colon autograft was used to replace the entire thoracic esophagus in five dogs. The recipient vessels were the left carotid artery and left external jugular vein. Four of the grafts failed because of kinking and thrombosis of the arterial supply (2 dogs) or the venous outflow (2 dogs). One graft, which had a viable vascular supply, developed a severe leak at the colon-to-stomach anastomosis, and the dog was euthanatized on day 3. The recipient vascular pedicle was modified and used successfully to replace a portion of the cervical esophagus in three dogs. The grafts survived, the dogs could swallow liquids and semisolid food well, and, at necropsy after 4 weeks, the anastomotic sites were well healed. The graft sites contained essentially normal colon mucosa.  相似文献   

15.
The comparative efficacy of monthly administration of selamectin or lufenuron against Ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs and cats was evaluated over a 5-month period in flea-infested environments. Twenty-four dogs and 32 cats were randomly allocated to receiving a topical treatment with selamectin or an oral administration of tablets containing lufenuron/milbemycin oxime (for dogs) or lufenuron only (for cats). Each product was administered in accordance with the manufacturer's label recommendations. Eight dogs and four cats served as untreated sentinels. Treatments were administered on days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120. Each animal received an application of 100 fleas on days -28 and -21, and then weekly applications of 20 fleas from days 91 through 147. Flea comb counts were performed on day -6, and every 2 weeks after day 0. From day 29 (dogs) or day 44 (cats) to day 150, geometric mean flea counts for selamectin were < or =0.4. Mean flea counts for animals assigned to treatment with selamectin were significantly lower (P=0.0001) than for animals assigned to treatment with lufenuron at all assessments after day 0.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To confirm in vivo optimal laser energy settings previously determined in vitro for lithotripsy, to develop a technique for Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy, and to evaluate acute and chronic tissue effects of laser lithotripsy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized preclinical trial. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Nineteen intact, adult male dogs. METHODS: Via cystotomy, a single urolith was inserted into the urethra to the level of the base of the os penis to simulate obstruction. Uroliths (calcium oxalate, urate, or magnesium ammonium phosphate) were fragmented by Ho:YAG laser, in contact mode through a 320 micro optic fiber, passed through the operating channel of a 2.8 mm flexible endoscope. The time and total energy to fragmentation were recorded. Dogs were euthanatized immediately after lithotripsy (3 dogs) or at 3 days (7 dogs), and urethral lesions and any stone remnants were evaluated. Urethral integrity was also evaluated in 9 other dogs by endoscopy on day 10; these were also monitored clinically for 30 days. RESULTS: The mean time for adequate fragmentation was 166.7 seconds (range, 47-494.5 seconds). The mean+/-SD energy used was 1418+/-851.2 J. In part 1, 2 dogs were obstructed with urolith fragments at necropsy. Eight dogs had minimal (<30 mg) or no urolith material evident within the urethra. Four dogs had gross focal or circumferential erosion, ulceration, or hemorrhage of the urethral mucosa. Lesions were not associated with the site of laser irradiation in 2 dogs. In dogs observed for 30 days, hematuria, pollakiuria, and stranguria that were observed after lithotripsy, resolved in all affected dogs by day 5. No mucosal lesions were observed by endoscopy and none of the dogs became obstructed. CONCLUSION: Laser lithotripsy with the Ho:YAG laser in contact mode successfully fragmented obstructive uroliths in male dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laser lithotripsy may be a clinically relevant technique for treatment of urolithiasis in male dogs; clinical studies to evaluate long-term effects on urethral mucosa and the role of repeat treatment for recurrence are indicated.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pamidronate disodium can reduce vitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia in dogs and whether combination treatment with calcitonin is more effective than treatment with pamidronate alone. ANIMALS: 20 clinically normal male Beagles. PROCEDURE: All dogs were given 8 mg of cholecalciferol (CCF)/kg of body weight once orally, then were assigned randomly to 4 groups of 5 dogs each. Dogs were given 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 1), calcitonin SC and 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 2), pamidronate and 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 3), or a combination of all 3 agents (group 4). Dogs were observed for 28 days, and serial blood and urine samples were collected for determination of serum biochemical, electrolyte, and 25(OH)D3 values, CBC, and urine mineral excretion. Samples of kidney, stomach, lung, aorta, liver, duodenum, and brain were evaluated by light microscopy and quantitative mineral analysis. RESULTS: Two dogs in group 1 were euthanatized 4 days after CCF administration because of severe clinical signs of disease. Dogs in group 3 lost less weight and had significantly lower serum phosphorus, total and ionized calcium, and urinary zinc concentrations, compared with dogs in group 1. On day 4, serum urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in dogs of groups 3 and 4, compared with dogs in group 1. Mild to moderate mineralization of kidneys and stomach were observed in the 2 group-1 dogs euthanatized on day 4. CONCLUSIONS: Pamidronate administration effectively prevents CCF-induced hypercalcemia and mineralization of soft tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pamidronate is a potentially useful antidote against CCF toxicosis in dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Twenty-six mixed-breed (14 males, 12 females) dogs were used in a double-blind study to evaluate the effect of milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infection with Ancylostoma caninum. Dogs were ranked and paired, on the basis of number of hookworm eggs/g of feces, and treatment was randomly assigned. Each dog was given either the study drug or placebo (1 tablet/11.4 kg [0.5 mg/kg] of body weight). Eggs per gram of feces enumeration was done on days 3 and 7 after treatment, and dogs were euthanatized on day 7. On day 3, 5 of the 13 dogs in the milbemycin-treated group had hookworm eggs in the feces (results of the McMaster test). In these dogs, mean number of eggs per gram of feces had decreased markedly (from 5,289 to 452) and, by day 7, was 114. At necropsy, 16 A caninum adults were recovered from 2 of the milbemycin-treated dogs. On day 3, 12 of the 13 dogs in the placebo-treated group had hookworm eggs in the feces. Mean number of eggs per gram of feces in these dogs decreased slightly (from 5,243 to 2,646), but did not decrease further by day 7. A mean number of 54.4 A caninum adults was recovered from 12 of the 13 placebo-treated dogs at necropsy. Milbemycin oxime had 97.8% efficacy against A caninum. Results also indicated that milbemycin oxime may be effective against Trichuris vulpis, but not against Dipylidium caninum.  相似文献   

19.
Twenty-two dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were treated by amputation (n = 17) or limb-sparing surgery (n = 5). All dogs were given cisplatin (60 mg/m2 of body surface, IV) at 3-week intervals, beginning 1 week after surgery. Number of cisplatin treatments ranged from 1 to 6. Survival data for the 22 dogs were compared with survival data from a historical control group consisting of 162 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone. Median survival time for the 22 dogs given cisplatin was estimated to be 46.4 weeks, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were estimated to be 45.5 and 20.9%, respectively. Survival time was significantly (P less than 0.0001) longer for treated dogs than for control dogs. Statistically significant relation was not found between survival time and number of cisplatin treatments. Three dogs were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of reporting. Of the remaining 19 dogs, 14 (73.4%) were euthanatized for problems documented to be related to metastases. Nine (47.4%) dogs were euthanatized because of bone metastases, and 5 (26.3%) were euthanatized because of pulmonary metastases. The proportion of dogs euthanatized because of bone metastases was significantly (P less than 0.0001) higher for treated than for control dogs. Median survival times for dogs developing bone and lung metastases were estimated to be 51.2 weeks and 21.2 weeks, respectively; however, this difference was not statistically significant. One local tumor recurrence was observed among dogs that had limb-sparing surgery. Significant difference in survival time was not observed between dogs that had limb-sparing surgery and dogs that underwent amputation.  相似文献   

20.
Twenty-eight helminth-naive Beagles, 16 to 26 weeks old, were inoculated with 200 third-stage larvae each of Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala 5 times at weekly intervals. Dogs were randomly allocated to 4 groups of 7 on the basis of fecal egg counts, and treatments were randomly assigned. Groups 1 and 3 were given milbemycin oxime at a dosage of 500 micrograms/kg of body weight, PO, on day 0 and on days 0 and 30, respectively; groups 2 and 4 were nontreated controls. Fecal egg counts were evaluated before and after treatments. Feces were collected daily for 7 days after the final treatment for recovery of worms passed, and all dogs were euthanatized 7 days after the final treatment for recovery of worms retained. A 65.7% reduction from the pretreatment value for geometric mean hookworm egg count was found 7 days after the first treatment, and a 97.1% reduction 7 days after the second treatment. Although milbemycin oxime had 96.5% and 99.5% controlled efficacy against A caninum after 1 or 2 treatments, respectively, it lacked efficacy against U stenocephala. The geometric mean number of U stenocephala and the total number of hookworms retained after 1 or 2 treatments were not significantly different from the numbers retained by the corresponding control groups.  相似文献   

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