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《中国畜牧兽医》2017,(4)
试验旨在应用康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系(CNCPS)和体外产气法评定不同地方苹果渣的营养价值,以采集自辽宁锦州、北京、河北唐山、安徽砀山的4种苹果渣为研究对象,采用CNCPS中碳水化合物和含氮化合物的分类方法,测定苹果渣的营养成分,评定其营养价值,同时采用体外产气法评定苹果渣的发酵情况,并计算其能量价值。结果显示,不同地域来源的苹果渣的营养成分存在显著差异,且CNCPS碳水化合物、蛋白质组分的优劣不同。在含氮化合物组分中,苹果渣的非蛋白氮(PA)含量较高,均高于60%;而快速降解蛋白(PB1)含量较低,均低于3%。在碳水化合物组分中,苹果渣的不可利用的细胞壁(CC)含量较高,为51%~63%。北京苹果渣的最大产气量(B)最高,极显著高于其他3种苹果渣(P0.01),而唐山苹果渣的产气速度(C)极显著高于北京苹果渣和砀山苹果渣(P0.01)。砀山苹果渣氨态氮(NH_3-N)含量最高,极显著高于其他苹果渣(P0.01)。不同地方苹果渣瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸比例差异极显著(P0.01)。不同地方的苹果渣的总可消化养分(TDN)及其他能值差异较大,以砀山苹果渣的能值最高,极显著高于其他苹果渣(P0.01)。综上可知,不同地域来源的苹果渣在化学成分、体外瘤胃发酵参数和能量价值方面存在显著差异。本试验在补充中国肉牛常用饲料数据库的同时,也为非粮饲料的开发利用奠定了数据基础,以达到科学合理利用的目的。 相似文献
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我国是世界第一大苹果生产国,去年产量约4300万t,苹果加工成苹果汁后副产品近400万t.由于苹果和果汁的生产季节集中,果渣绝大部分作为工业垃圾被丢弃,而苹果渣具有很高的生物降解性,易腐烂产生发臭味道,污染水资源和生态系统,因此苹果渣的合理利用必须受到重视.据统计,每加工1000kg鲜苹果可产生150~200kg鲜果渣,每8~10t鲜果渣干燥后会产生约2t的干果渣,也可制成青贮苹果渣.如果利用这些苹果渣做饲料则可节约粮食20万t,这相当于一个中等县的粮食产量. 相似文献
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苹果渣对蛋鸡生产性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1前言我国是世界上苹果产量最大的国家之一,随着苹果产量的逐年增加和人们消费观念的改变,苹果汁加工业飞速发展,产生了越来越多的苹果渣副产品,鲜苹果渣和风干苹果渣均可直接饲喂猪牛羊兔等畜种,鲜苹果渣也可青贮发酵风干后膨化作为饲料添加剂,因此苹果渣作为饲料资源开发有较 相似文献
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苹果汁生产中排出大量的苹果渣,它含有一定营养,但它含水量大,易腐败,当废物处理,既浪费又污染,为了减少环境污染,“开源节流”,苹果渣可作为一种新的饲料资源。1苹果渣的产量及利用现状我国年产苹果接近2000万t,苹果加工厂每年排出苹果渣100万t。目前,果渣除少量被用于深加工外,绝大部分被遗弃。据调查,陕西省目前用苹果渣作肥料、燃料的占15%～20%,作饲料用的约为10%,当垃圾处理的约占70%,每年大约有10～15万t苹果渣不仅白白浪费掉,还严重污染环境。2苹查渣的饲用价值鲜苹果渣含水65%～85%,干渣粉中含水9.3%;苹果渣皮中,果皮果肉占96.2%,… 相似文献
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为了研究苹果渣中苹果多酚在处理过程中的稳定性,试验以苹果渣为原料分别进行青贮和不同温度及时间的烘干处理,采用改进的微波提取和福林-酚法测定苹果渣中总酚、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量。结果表明:青贮方法对苹果多酚的含量影响较小,可以最大限度地保存果渣中的苹果多酚;烘干处理对苹果多酚有显著影响(P<0.05),随着烘干温度的升高,苹果多酚的含量先降低后升高,65℃时含量最低;烘干时间对苹果多酚的含量也有较大影响,随着时间的延长,苹果多酚的含量也表现为先降低后升高的变化特点,24h苹果多酚的含量最低。加热温度及时间对可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量也有一定影响。研究发现了不同条件下苹果多酚的变化规律,为苹果渣的适当处理和贮存提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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文章论述了鲜苹果渣、青贮苹果渣、干苹果渣的营养价值,以及在反刍料、猪料、禽料和鱼料中的应用情况,对开发非常规饲料有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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为了研究苹果渣用作反刍动物饲料的饲用价值,以3只安装瘤胃瘘管的陕北白绒山羊母羊为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定了苹果渣在陕北白绒山羊瘤胃内的干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)降解率,并用NRC模型分析了苹果渣的瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)和瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP)。结果表明,苹果渣在48h的DM降解率为89.16%,CP降解率为82.89%,且二者之间相关性显著(P<0.01);DM和CP有效降解率分别为61.02%和58.44%;RDP含量为58.52%,说明其蛋白质品质较好。因此,由苹果渣降解特性等可以看出,苹果渣含有较高的营养价值,且适口性好,可用作反刍动物饲料。 相似文献
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Akemi YAMAMOTO Eiichi UMEMOTO Minoru ITOH Masatoshi MATSUI Nobuo FUJIMURA Shu FURUYA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):505-508
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing a reduced crude protein (CP) diet with apple pomace on the ammonia emissions from growing pig rooms. Four pigs (45 kg BW) each were assigned to one of two diets. Each group was housed in a separate room and fed a standard diet (CP 16.6%) or a low CP, amino acid‐supplemented diet (CP 9.1%) containing 23.1% of dried apple pomace for two 7‐day experimental periods. After the completion of the first period, the pigs were switched to the other diet. The daily ammonia emissions, measured for 3 days after a 4‐day adaptation period, were much lower for pigs fed the apple pomace‐supplemented diet than for pigs fed the standard diet (0.47 g/pig vs 7.30 g/pig, respectively). The daily nitrogen intake for the standard diet and the apple pomace‐supplemented diet was 58.1 and 35.5 g/pig, respectively. The pigs fed the apple pomace‐supplemented diet excreted more fecal nitrogen than pigs fed the standard diet (17.5 g/day vs 11.0 g/day, respectively), but urinary nitrogen excretion with the apple pomace‐supplemented diet was estimated to be 2.9 g/day, which was much lower than that for the standard diet (27.0 g/day). The addition of apple pomace to a reduced CP, amino acid‐supplemented diet reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and thereby ammonia emission. 相似文献
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Akemi YAMAMOTO Minoru ITOH Yoshikatsu KADOYA Hirokazu KANNO Michi YAMADA Shu FURUYA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(4):301-304
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a reduced crude protein (CP) diet with apple pomace on the urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry in the growing pigs. Four barrows (35 kg bodyweight) were assigned to one of two diets. Each pig was placed in a metabolism cage and fed a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet (CP 11.33%; low CP diet) or a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet containing 23.08% dried apple pomace (CP 9.47%; apple pomace diet) for two 14-day experimental periods. After the completion of the first period, the pigs were switched to the other diet. Urine and feces were quantitatively collected daily for 5 days after a 9-day adaptation period. The daily nitrogen intake for the low CP diet and the apple pomace diet was 17.76 g/pig and 18.64 g/pig, respectively. The pigs fed the apple pomace diet excreted more fecal nitrogen (6.86 g/day) than the pigs fed the low CP diet (3.63 g/day) ( P < 0.001), but urinary nitrogen excretion with the apple pomace diet was 3.11 g/day, which was much lower than that for the low CP diet (5.95 g/day) ( P < 0.001). The daily ammonia emission from the mixture of urine and feces determined by an in vitro method was much lower for pigs fed the apple pomace diet (120 mg) than that for pigs fed the low CP diet (603 mg) ( P < 0.01). The addition of apple pomace to a reduced CP, amino acid-supplemented diet reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and thereby ammonia emission. 相似文献
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益生菌发酵苹果渣对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和粪便微生物菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究益生菌发酵苹果渣对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和粪便微生物菌群的影响。选择平均体重(5.87±0.10)kg断奶仔猪120头,随机分为5组(每组设3个重复,每个重复8头猪):负对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不含抗生素),正对照组在基础饲粮中添加0.1%的混合型抗生素,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加4%、6%、8%益生菌发酵苹果渣的试验饲粮。试验期35 d。结果表明:与负对照组相比,饲粮添加抗生素和6%益生菌发酵苹果渣均显著提高断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比、粪便中大肠杆菌数量和腹泻率(P0.05);添加抗生素和6%益生菌发酵苹果渣可以显著降低血清中尿素氮和总胆固醇的含量(P0.05),显著提高生长激素、胰岛素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺素含量(P0.05)。随着益生菌发酵苹果渣添加量的增加,生长性能、腹泻率、粪便大肠杆菌数量以及血清中尿素氮、总胆固醇和激素指标呈现二次变化趋势(P0.05),当添加量为6%时效果最好。与正对照组相比,添加益生菌发酵苹果渣能极显著增加粪便中菌群总数(P0.01),而对其他各项指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,添加6%益生菌发酵苹果渣能提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,调节肠道微生态平衡,降低粪便中大肠杆菌数量和腹泻率,提高血清中内分泌激素含量,降低尿素氮和胆固醇含量。 相似文献
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研究供试发酵剂、原料组成及灭菌方式对苹果渣发酵单细胞蛋白饲料中游离氨基酸、活性肽及水溶性蛋白含量的影响,为果渣发酵饲料品质研究提供新的科学依据。以未发酵纯果渣原料作为对照组,设发酵剂、灭菌方式及原料组成3个因素,采用固态发酵及比色法对发酵产物进行品质分析。结果表明:接菌、灭菌及添加油渣处理后发酵产物游离氨基酸含量为10.19～17.96 g/kg,较对照组增加87.7%～230.8%;生物活性肽含量为0.71～0.96 g/kg,较对照组增加255.0%～380.0%;水溶性蛋白质含量为7.89～14.87 g/kg,较对照组增加279.3%～614.9%。采用混菌发酵,在原料中添加油渣和氮素及灭菌处理对提高苹果渣发酵饲料游离氨基酸、生物活性肽以及水溶性蛋白质含量有显著作用(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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Gutzwiller A Czeglédi L Stoll P Bruckner L 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(9-10):432-438
A feeding trial using 220 weaner pigs which comprised two experimental series was conducted to investigate the effects of diets contaminated with the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) and to test the hypothesis that apple pomace acts as an antidote to these mycotoxins. Two diets without contaminated wheat, containing either no pomace or 8% pomace, and two diets with naturally contaminated wheat (3.2 mg DON and 0.06 mg ZON, and 2.1 mg DON and 0.25 mg ZON per kg diet in series 1 and 2 respectively), containing either no pomace or 8% pomace were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Mycotoxin exposure lowered feed intake (p < 0.01) and growth (p = 0.05), and tended to decrease the energy conversion ratio (p = 0.06). Although the intake of apple pomace did not increase feed intake, it increased the growth rate (p = 0.04), mainly by restoring growth in the presence of mycotoxins (p = 0.08 for the interaction mycotoxin x pomace). In the first experimental series, the animals were immunized with a parvovirus vaccine. The percentage of seroconverting animals did not differ between the treatments (p = 0.56), which indicates that DON did not affect the humoral immune response. In the second experimental series, female piglets fed the contaminated diets had heavier uteri than piglets fed the uncontaminated diets (p < 0.01), regardless of pomace supplementation. The results show that pomace may alleviate the negative effect of DON on growth but does not counteract the hormonal effects of ZON. 相似文献
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