共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
2.
江苏金坛水稻田杂草发生危害调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示江苏金坛稻麦轮作制水稻田杂草组成、发生等危害特点,于2014年10月调查不同区域、不同管理措施的90块水稻田。结果显示:金坛地区水稻田有12科21属23种杂草,其中外来入侵杂草2种;优势杂草种为鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、水苋菜(Ammannia baccifera)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)、陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)、多花水苋(Ammannia multiflora)。 相似文献
3.
对福建省漳州市花卉种植地杂草进行调查,发现常见杂草有68种,分属22科,其中29种为主要杂草,运用乘积优势度法分析得出升马唐、牛繁缕、苦职、龙葵、藿香蓟等5种杂草为优势杂草种群,其中升马唐的MDR′为10.3%,危害级别最高。 相似文献
4.
我场位于洞庭湖地区,气候温暖多湿。苎麻地杂草以马唐(Digitaria sang-ualis)为主,其次是狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)早熟禾,(poa anna)看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)狗尾草(Setariaviridis)等。由于这些杂草的为害,严 相似文献
5.
湖北省花生主产区花生田杂草种类与群落特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国油料作物学报》2017,(1)
为了明确湖北省花生主产区花生田杂草的发生危害现状和群落组成特征,运用倒置"W"9点取样对田间杂草群落进行了调查。结果表明,该省花生主产区花生田杂草有76种,隶属于24科,其中优势杂草有4种,局部优势杂草有6种,次要杂草有10种,一般性杂草有56种。相对多度较大的杂草有马唐、鳢肠、火柴头和铁苋菜,是构成湖北花生主产区花生田杂草群落的优势种。鄂东北地区花生田主要形成鳢肠+马唐+火柴头为主的杂草群落,鄂北地区花生田主要形成马唐+铁苋菜+火柴头+鳢肠为主的杂草群落。鄂东北地区花生田杂草群落的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数较高,而Simpson优势度指数较低。 相似文献
6.
中国茶园杂草有效名录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定中国茶区已经报道的茶园杂草有效名录,利用清单法整理1959—2018年中国茶区茶园杂草文献中茶园杂草名录信息,比对目前国内主要植物种类鉴定资料,逐一核对清单名录信息,考辨名录有效性。结果表明,截至2018年,中国茶区共报道茶园杂草名录759条,其中有效名录241条,分属57科166属。有效名录报道来自安徽、福建、江苏和浙江等茶区,高频报道茶园杂草有效名录有繁缕(Stellaria media)、酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)等。该结果为中国茶园杂草种类统计、分布研究和防治提供数据依据。 相似文献
7.
8.
为了解菊科入侵植物种子出苗和幼苗生长对埋藏深度的适应机制,通过砂培法研究菊科种子出苗和幼苗生长,比较分析不同埋藏深度下(0、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 cm) 3种入侵植物种子白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)、假臭草(Praxelis clematidea)和胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)的出苗率、出苗速率和出土时间等参数的差异,探究菊科入侵植物种子出苗和幼苗生长对埋藏深度的响应。结果表明：随着埋藏深度的增加,3种入侵植物种子出苗率和出苗速率均极显著降低(p ＜0.01),出土时间则随着埋藏深度的增加均有不同程度增长,埋藏深度0～1.0 cm、0～0.5 cm和0分别为白花鬼针草、假臭草和胜红蓟种子较适出苗环境;在幼苗生长实验中,随着埋藏深度的增加,白花鬼针草和假臭草幼苗的根长、鲜重呈先上升后下降的趋势,茎长呈下降趋势,较适宜白花鬼针草和假臭草幼苗生长的埋藏深度为0～1.0 cm ;胜红蓟幼苗随着埋藏深度的增加,其幼苗的根长、茎长、鲜重均呈下降趋势,较适宜胜红蓟幼苗生长的埋藏深度为0～0.5 cm。3种入侵植物对埋藏深度的耐受能力依次为：白花鬼针草＞假臭草＞胜红蓟。结果表明,农耕深度分别为：白花鬼针草＞2.0 cm,假臭草＞1.0 cm,胜红蓟＞0.5 cm。 相似文献
9.
剑麻是我国重要的热带经济作物,杂草危害给剑麻生产带来严重障碍和损失。为了掌握我国广东、广西和海南剑麻园杂草情况,从而进行科学防控。本研究采取踏查和定块系统调查相结合,全面调查了我国剑麻园杂草种类、分布与危害。结果表明,剑麻园共有杂草49科144属200种,其中禾本科40种,菊科24种,豆科20种,茜草科和莎草科各10种;一年生杂草79种,二年生杂草1种,多年生杂草100种,其它生活周期20种;种子繁殖杂草143种,种子、茎和根茎等繁殖杂草57种;外来杂草68种,本地杂草132种;5级危害的杂草3种（大白茅、铺地黍和香附子）,4级危害的杂草7种（牛筋草、短颖马唐、假臭草、阔叶丰花草、加拿大蓬、鬼针草、薇甘菊）。在剑麻园杂草防控方面,提出了"生态优先,以草治草"策略和"不生草的剑麻园不可能是生态剑麻园,只有生良草的剑麻园才可能是生态园"的新观点,并采取剑麻园种草控草、养地、养麻、养畜和驱虫防病的生态化管理技术措施,达到减肥减药、生态安全的可持续发展目标。 相似文献
10.
11.
采用相对优势度、物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数、群落相似性指数等生态学指标及聚类分析的方法,对4种作物地杂草进行分析。结果表明：该地区农田杂草共有116种,隶属于37个科,其中禾本科和菊科种数较多,分别占总数的21.55%和19.83%;鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）和牛筋草（Eleusine indica）在各作物园区普遍为害,为常年优势恶性杂草,应重点防控;各作物地杂草的多样性,橡胶地最高,其次为香蕉地,菠萝地和油梨地多样性较低;多样性指数的季相变化规律,4种作物地均表现为夏秋季高于冬春季;杂草群落相似性和聚类分析结果一致表明：菠萝蜜地与油梨地杂草群落相似度最高,其次为香蕉地与菠萝蜜地,再次为香蕉地与油梨地,橡胶地与其他3种作物地相似度均较低。 相似文献
12.
Weed control in smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa is labour intensive or costly. Many researchers have therefore advocated for the use of cover crops in weed management as an affordable alternative for smallholders. Cover crops may be grown in rotations to suppress weeds and reduce the reliance on herbicides. The use of cover crops creates microenvironments that are either conducive or inhibitive to the emergence of certain weed species. A study, initiated in 2008 in contrasting soils at four different locations of Zimbabwe, investigated the effect of maize (Zea mays L.)-cover crop rotations on the emergence of weeds that showed dominance in those soils. Weed assessments were however, carried out from 2011 to 2014. The weed species Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Commelina benghalensis L., and Richardia scabra L. showed dominance in all four locations with weed densities as high as 500 plants m−2 being recorded for R. scabra L. in a sandy soil. Maize-cover crop rotations resulted in higher densities of Bidens pilosa compared with maize monocropping (control treatment) due to its high nitrogen (N) requirement to produce more seeds. On the other hand, the integration of cover crops such as pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] that had poor shading qualities, due to large gaps or spaces and slower initial growth, had limited effects on competitive weeds such as Cyperus esculentus L. which tend to dominate exhausted soils. The density of C. esculentus was 38% greater in maize–pigeon pea rotations compared with the control treatment. Variability between seasons and sites affected emergence of all weeds in the present study, which masked long-term trends. The results suggest that there is need to identify the germination and emergence requirements of specific weeds and select cover crops best suitable for their control. The study provides useful information for farmers and advisors on the best cover crops for control of certain problematic weeds in different soil types of Zimbabwe. 相似文献
13.
Increased challenges of weed control in the smallholder farming sector of southern Africa have often resulted in small yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different weed control strategies on weed flora and composition under conservation agriculture (CA) systems in Zimbabwe. This study was conducted at three on-station trial sites namely Domboshawa Training Centre (DTC), University of Zimbabwe farm (UZ farm) and Henderson Research Station (HRS) in a maize–soybean rotation for four seasons from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 seasons. Hand weeding was done whenever weeds were 10 cm tall or 10 cm in circumference for weeds with a stoloniferous growth habit. Weed identification was done up to the weed species level, and the Shannon–Weiner diversity and evenness index was used to determine the response of weed flora to herbicides. Results showed that there were more weeds in the early years which decreased gradually until the final season. Weed species diversity was not affected by herbicide application and the results indicated that weed species diversity was small in CA systems. Annual weed species constituted a greater proportion of species, and species richness decreased with the duration of the study. Richardia scabra L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. were the most common dominant weed species at all sites and in all seasons. Moreover, herbicide application had no effect on the evenness of weeds in the plots but site characteristics had a significant effect on the distribution of weed species (weed species evenness). The results presented in this study suggest that herbicide application facilitates a depletion of weed seed bank/number of weeds over time. Thus, herbicide application in CA has potential to reduce weed density, species richness and species diversity in the long term which may lead to more labour savings and larger yields. 相似文献
14.
海南不同市县旱田代表性杂草发生规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为全面了解海南不同市县旱田代表性杂草全年的发生规律,从2008年至2009年,采用全年定点、定时观测的方法对海南7个市县杂草自然萌发情况进行调查。结果表明:海南不同市县定点观测样方里共有代表性杂草20科60种,其中菊科、禾本科、苋科、豆科和茜草科较多,占杂草总数的63%;外来入侵杂草有29种,占总数的48%;重要值大于5的优势种杂草有12种,占所有杂草的20%。6月是杂草种类萌发高峰,达15种。海南杂草年平均萌发量达1 060株/0.25 m2,其中万宁最高,年平均萌发量达1 559株/0.25 m2;定安最低,年平均萌发量达519株/0.25 m2。海南杂草全年发生数量有两个高峰期:一个在4月,萌发率为16%;一个在9月,萌发率为10%。全年大部分杂草在3~7月和9月萌发,萌发率为全年的70%。在海南,温度均能满足杂草萌发需要,降雨量是杂草发生的主要限制因子。 相似文献
15.
16.
系统调查海南芦笋种植区的主要杂草种类,明确芦笋园的杂草优势种群,并以此为基础进行盆栽芦笋化学除草药效试验及覆盖控草试验。结果表明,海南芦笋园常见杂草有21科106种,其中优势种群由马齿苋、红尾翎、短颖马唐、龙爪茅、牛筋草、砖子苗、假臭草、伞房花耳草及鳢肠9种构成。采用覆盖控草和化学除草可在一定程度上控制杂草的发生：覆盖9种植物60 d后,防效可达60%以上,且覆盖葛藤、毛蔓豆、飞机草、薇甘菊、肿柄菊后,芦笋抽笋数和新笋径围都显著高于其余各处理;施用4种除草剂60 d后,盖草能和乙草胺对盆栽芦笋的防效较高且安全。因此,在实际生产中,通过覆盖控草和化学除草相结合,可最大限度的控制芦笋园中杂草。 相似文献
17.
18.
通过调查发现，龙门县水稻杂草有15科40种，柑桔杂草有16科53种，花生杂草有8科30种，蔬菜杂草有12科35种。危害水稻的优势种是四叶萍，亚优势种是鸭舌草和黑藻；危害柑桔的优势种是马兰和马唐，亚优势种是狗尾草和狗牙根；危害蔬菜、花生的优势种因海拔、生态环境不同差异较大。根据调查结果，对农田草害造成的粮油损失进行估算，并提出了针对性的防除策略。 相似文献
19.
河南省冬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确河南省冬小麦田间杂草组成及群落结构,采用倒置"W"型九点取样法对河南省冬小麦田杂草进行了调查。结果表明,河南省冬小麦田杂草共有66种,隶属于22科,57属,其中菊科、禾本科和十字花科杂草种类较多,分别有13、10、9种。优势杂草有猪殃殃、荠菜、播娘蒿、野燕麦、泽漆和波斯婆婆纳共6种;区域性优势杂草有看麦娘、刺儿菜、打碗花、野芥菜、麦瓶草、稻槎菜、繁缕和节节麦共8种。此外还有常见杂草19种和一般性杂草33种。从杂草区域分布来看,河南省6个区域中,豫中南平原区物种丰富度最高,为45种,豫中南平原区和豫西丘陵区的物种多样性最高,而豫北平原区和豫南平原区的Simpson优势度指数最高。经聚类分析,河南省6个区域小麦田杂草群落可分为4组:豫东平原区、豫西南平原区和豫中南平原区杂草群落聚为一组;其他3个区域冬小麦田杂草群落结构各有特点,均自成一组。 相似文献
20.
Yufeng Luo Haolong Fu Yujiang Xiong Zhao Xiang Fei Wang Yves Christian Bugingo Shahbaz Khan Yuanlai Cui 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):593-604
The purpose of the article is to investigate the effects of water-saving irrigation on weed infestation and diversity in paddy fields; a two-year field experiment was conducted in Gaoyou Irrigation District, China. The responses of two irrigation treatments, controlled irrigation (CI) and traditional irrigation (TI), were observed and compared. The irrigation water use, yield, weed density, coverage ratio, height, species richness, density, dominant species, Shannon–Wiener index, and Pielou index were examined to analyze the water productivity, weed infestation, and diversity in paddy fields under the two treatments. The results showed that the water conditions were similar before the late tillering stage, and thereafter the CI fields were alternatively dry and wet with shallow standing water and low soil water content, while the TI fields were mostly continuously flooded by deep standing water and high soil water content. Irrigation water use for CI was 46.8% lower than TI. The CI treatment reduced weed density by 38.0%, decreased coverage ratio by 13.8%, and resulted in a 39.0% increase in weed height. Fewer species were found in CI fields than TI fields. The Shannon–Wiener index decreased by 11.5%, and the Pielou index increased by 3.2%. The changed water regime under CI not only impeded the growth of dominant species but also placed the whole weed community at a relatively stable level with reduced weed density. Meanwhile, aquatic weeds were well controlled; however, semi-aquatic weeds became the dominant species. In general, CI effectively reduced the risk of weed outbreaks, and weed diversity also decreased when it reduced irrigation water use. 相似文献