In South Asia, an increasing population and frequent droughts have been significant factors deeply affecting water deficits in the region. In this study, recent drought conditions were evaluated by calculating the standardized precipitation index (SPI) for the period of 1991–2006, based on past data during the period from 1961 to 1990. In addition, the Thornthwaite equation was used to compute monthly potential evapotranspiration for the entire area of Indonesia. The APHRODITE data set was utilized for precipitation and temperature. Monthly rainfall data from April to September for 30 years (1961–1990) were used to obtain the gamma function for the computation of SPI values. Calculated probability of SPI for which values were < − 2 during the period from 1991 to 2006 was used to evaluate recent Indonesian drought conditions. Regarding potential soil water deficits, under the very simple assumption that the root zone is 30 cm, soil porosity is 0.4, and field capacity is 80% of soil porosity, the critical threshold of soil water deficit was set as − 96 mm. Frequency of potential water deficits < − 96 mm was counted during 1991–2006. The results of the SPI in Indonesia indicate that most parts of Indonesia have encountered severe and extreme drought for the period 1991–2006. Based on SPI interpretation, Borneo Island and West Papua are the islands that encountered the most extreme drought during the dry seasons. Borneo Island seems to have encountered extreme drought at the beginning and the middle of the dry seasons (April, May, and July). On the other hand, based on the Thornthwaite interpretation, Java and Bali Islands, and especially in Central Java and East Java, seem to have encountered the greatest soil water deficit at the middle and the end of the dry seasons (May, June, July, and September).
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中国杂交水稻在印度尼西亚的试验示范表现 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
介绍了2002-2003年从中国引进的12个杂交水稻组合在印度尼西亚西努沙登加省的试验示范情况.试验示范结果表明,12个组合均比当地大面积栽培品种IR64极显著增产,增幅为16.81%～42.88%;其中Y0309、Y0310、Y0305和Y0311等4个组合表现生育期100～108 d,产量优势强,经济性状好,耐肥抗倒性强,米质较好,对白叶枯病抗性强,适宜在印尼大面积示范种植.对适宜在印尼种植组合的筛选和种植技术问题进行了比较深入的讨论. 相似文献
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本文从种植面积和分布、种植品种、生产技术水平、病虫害防治情况、产量和效益等方面，全面分析了黑龙江省大豆主产区--海伦市目前大豆生产状况及存在问题，同时提出了今后发展大豆生产的前景和开展绿色大豆生产建议。 相似文献
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印尼有果树400多种,本文仅论及柑桔、芒果和葡萄.一、柑桔在印尼,柑桔主要病害是叶脉韧皮退化病(Citrus vein phloem degeneration,简称CVPD).此病每年造成的损失高达250亿卢比(rupiah).种植材料是其传播途径.研究人员已经解决了此问题,现在可以应用茎尖嫁接法(shoot tip grafting method)生产无叶脉韧皮退化病的柑桔种植材料.嫁接后置于试管中,每天在室内温度27℃、光照 相似文献
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对湛江地区近几年菠萝生产种植情况进行综合分析，深入探讨影响菠萝生产种植的各类因素：菠萝种苗不足，种植管理粗放，劳动强度大，科学技术跟不上，菠萝种植土地资源的不合理利用，市场价格不稳定等，并提出加快发展湛江菠萝种植产业的对策。 相似文献
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海南香荚兰生产调查与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调查了海南香荚兰人工荫棚集约栽培，分散栽培和活荫蔽树下粗放栽培种植园的生产投入，种植面积，生产管理情况，管理特点和产量水平，提出今后香荚兰生产应控制集约的种植面积，发展分散式种植和粗放式种植。 相似文献
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准两优893系湖南隆平高科农平种业公司育成的两系杂交水稻新组合，具有产量高、品质优、抗性强等优点。2007年通过湖南省品种审定委员会审定（湘审稻2007057）。2006年进入国家区试，2007年续试并参加生产试验，2a参试种植情况总结如下。 相似文献
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介绍了中国杂交水稻种子进入印度尼西亚市场所应采取的一系列技术性措施,主要包括市场准入、有害生物风险分析、非疫区生产基地建设、有害生物检测方法以及薰蒸和装船前检验等。这些措施使中国杂交水稻种子最终成功进入印度尼西亚市场。 相似文献
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烟草品种（系）的烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用离体叶片法测定了分离自湖南主产烟区的3个烟草黑胫病菌菌株的致病性,结果表明以Phy2菌株致病性最强。以Phy2为接种菌株,采用田间人工接种方法对13个烟草品种（系）进行了烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定。试验结果表明,对烟草黑胫病表现抗、中抗、中感和感病的分别为10份、1份、1份、1份,占鉴定品种（系）总数的76.9%、7.7%、7.7%、7.7%。其中湘烟3号和4-10-1抗性优于抗病对照品种K326和革新3号,而津巴布韦新引进品种KRK26对烟草黑胫病抗性较差。 相似文献
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介绍了印度尼西亚的水稻生产概况,杂交水稻的发展历程、育种和制种现状以及推广概况,分析了印度尼西亚杂交水稻发展中存在的主要障碍,提出了相关发展对策。 相似文献
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Effect of water management on greenhouse gas emissions and microbial properties of paddy soils in Japan and Indonesia 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
This research aims at elucidating the greenhouse gas emissions and its related soil microbial properties in continuously flooded
or intermittently drained paddy soils in Japan and Indonesia. The study in Japan comprises alluvial soil and peat, cultivated
to rice variety Nipponbare, while in Indonesia comprised alluvial soil cultivated to rice variety Siam Pandak. Intermittent drainage was performed to half number of the plot in 6 days interval, starting at tillering or heading stage
of rice, while the other half number of plot was kept flooded as control. The experiments were carried out to follow the randomized
block design with three replications. Gas samples were taken in weekly basis, except during the treatments (i.e., every 2 days
interval) and analyzed for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations. Soil samples were and analyzed for the population of methanogenic bacteria, denitrifiers, methane production
and consumption potentials, and methanogenic substrate. Plant growth parameters were also observed. The results showed that
intermittent drainage significantly reduced greenhouse gas emission from paddy soil of Indonesia and Japan without significant
changes in soil microbial population. The reductions of greenhouse emission from Japanese peaty and alluvial paddy soil due
to intermittent drained were about 32 and 37%, respectively. Meanwhile, the reductions in greenhouse gas emission from alluvial
soil of Indonesia due to intermittent drainage were very similar to that of in Japan, i.e., average about 37%. This suggests
that intermittent drainage can be an appropriate technology option to reduce the greenhouse gas emission from paddy soil in
Japan and Indonesia. 相似文献
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Ana R. CabreraJaap Van Kretschmar Jack S. BachelerHannah Burrack Clyde E. SorensonR. Michael Roe 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1196-1201
Proof of concept was demonstrated for a practical, off-the-shelf bioassay to monitor for tobacco budworm resistance to pyramided Bt cotton using plant filtrates. The bioassay was based on a previously described feeding disruption test using hydrateable artificial diet containing a blue indicator dye, a diagnostic dose of insecticide and novel assay architecture. Using neonate larvae from a Bt-susceptible, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strain, a diagnostic dose for Bollgard II and WideStrike cotton was obtained that limited neonate blue fecal production to 0-2 pellets in 24 h (Bt-resistant larvae produced >2 fecal pellets). The bioassay was tested with three different field populations of tobacco budworm collected from tobacco in central North Carolina (USA) and shown to accurately diagnose susceptibility to Bt. The diagnostic doses were also successfully evaluated with two Bt-resistant, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strains. Shelf life studies showed the assay could be stored for at least 6 months at room temperature (longer storage times were not studied). The application of the bioassay as an easy to use monitoring tool is discussed. 相似文献
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Dof转录因子参与植物对非生物胁迫应答。本研究对大豆GmDof2.2进行克隆及耐盐性功能鉴定。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示GmDof2.2在大豆幼苗中可以响应非生物胁迫,GmDof2.2基因开放阅读框全长867 bp,编码288个氨基酸的蛋白,其分子量31.4 kDa,等电点10.23,蛋白质序列中含有一个保守的Dof结构域。GmDof2.2启动子区含有3种胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件（ARE、MBS和WUN-motif）和3种激素响应相关顺式作用元件（ABRE、P-box和TCA-element）。将GmDof2.2构建植物表达载体并转化烟草,共获得4株GmDof2.2异源表达的转基因烟草株系（OE1-OE4）,OE1中GmDof2.2的表达量最高,其次为OE2。盐胁迫处理后,转基因烟草萎蔫程度高于野生型烟草,转基因烟草叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量均显著低于野生型烟草,而丙二醛含量则高于野生型烟草。表明GmDof2.2的异源表达提高了转基因烟草株系对盐胁迫的敏感性。本研究为大豆Dof转录因子抗逆机制研究及应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Pramudya Y. Onishi T. Senge M. Hiramatsu K. Nur Prasetyo M. R. 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(3):331-338
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Black shank, caused by the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a major disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in southwest China. Mefenoxam is one of the most commonly used fungicides for its management. A survey was conducted to determine the level of mefenoxam sensitivity in the pathogen population in Guizhou province and to determine the race distribution of selected isolates. In 2012, 179 isolates of P. parasitica were screened for sensitivity to mefenoxam on lima bean agar. Zero percent of the isolates was classified as resistant, 41.9% as intermediately resistant, and 58.1% as sensitive. Race was determined for 32 isolates from 12 tobacco districts using five discriminative cultivars: NC-1071, Fla 301, L8, Xiaohuangjing 1025 and K-326. Twenty seven isolates were race 1 and five were race 0. Race 1 was present in all regions sampled and presents a major concern for the use of tobacco cultivars in Guizhou province in the future. Based on the results of our survey, we conclude that a combination of practices that includes partial resistance, cultural controls, and fungicides will be needed for long term management of tobacco black shank in Guizhou province of China. 相似文献
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