共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
采用沙培方法,利用生理生化试验及半定量PCR方法,研究了保护剂HN对玉米ALS、GSTs活性及GSTs的mRNA表达量的影响。结果表明,保护剂对6个玉米品种的ALS、GSTs均具有诱导作用,但对不同品种的诱导增加百分率却不同。对氯嘧磺隆敏感的玉米东甜3号的GSTs诱导增加百分率达到59.18,对其ALS的诱导倍数为叶部1.29倍,根部2.30倍;对氯嘧磺隆耐性较高的玉米屯玉88GSTs诱导增加百分率为19.26,其ALS的诱导倍数为叶部1.07倍,根部2.07倍。氯嘧磺隆和保护剂均可以诱导玉米GSTsmRNA的相对表达量的增加,保护剂的诱导作用更强。 相似文献
2.
为了明确河北省玉米田杂草苘麻对莠去津的抗性水平及抗性机制,本研究采用整株生物测定法对采自河北省 6个不同地区的苘麻种群进行莠去津抗性水平测定,利用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定解毒代谢酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)和细胞色素 P450氧化酶(P450s)对莠去津的非靶标抗性,并对靶标基因 psbA 进行了序列比对和表达量测定。结果显示,种群 HB-3 对莠去津最敏感,种群 HB-6 表现为高抗,抑制生长中量(GR50)分别为 1 662. 75 和 84 721. 13 g·hm-2,抗性种群较敏感种群的抗性倍数为50. 95;抗性种群 HB-6 中,GSTs 抑制剂 NBD-Cl 和 P450s 抑制剂马拉硫磷对莠去津具有增效作用,与未使用 GSTs 和 P450s的处理相比,该种群的 GR50分别降低了 11. 61 倍和 27. 77 倍,且 GSTs 和 P450s活性均高于敏感种群 HB-3;抗性种群 HB-6的靶标基因 psbA 未发生突变,经莠去津处理后,该种群 psbA 基因表达量低于敏感种群 ... 相似文献
3.
对Bt抗性和敏感亚洲玉米螟解毒酶和中肠蛋白酶的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
比较了人工汰选的对Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白产生抗性的亚洲玉米螟(Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée))种群和敏感种群幼虫解毒酶和中肠蛋白酶的变化。结果表明:抗、感种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶、中肠总蛋白酶、弱碱性类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶的活力差异不显著,而抗性种群的α-乙酰萘酯酶和类胰蛋白酶显著高于敏感种群。对类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶和类弹性蛋白酶的活力杂交分析结果表明,抗性种群的类胰蛋白酶酶谱强于敏感种群,但抗、感种群中肠液在体外对Cry1Ab原毒素的酶解过程并不存在差异。推断强碱性类胰蛋白酶可能与亚洲玉米螟对Bt抗性产生机理有关。 相似文献
4.
采用室外小区试验方法,研究了麦田常用的苯磺隆、使它隆、异丙隆、骠马、绿麦隆5种除草剂对弱筋小麦扬麦13生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,用药后5d,5种除草剂处理均导致小麦叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）不同程度下降。除草剂严重影响了光合速率,几乎所有处理光合速率均受到抑制,异丙隆倍量处理抑制率最大,达27%。小麦体内SOD活性明显受到除草剂影响,表现为先升高、后逐渐恢复至对照水平;POD活性也表现为先升高后降低的趋势,多数处理药后30d低于对照;CAT活性对除草剂比较敏感,用药后5d即显著升高,其后影响逐步减小,直至药后30d恢复到对照水平;除草剂对MDA含量影响相对较小,多数处理MDA含量与对照差异不显著。 相似文献
5.
通过盆栽试验,采用三因素完全随机设计,研究尿素、多效唑配施对苯磺隆胁迫下土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度苯磺隆对土壤脲酶活性表现为抑制—激活作用,抑制和激活作用均随着苯磺隆浓度的增大而增强,第60 d激活率是对照的2.83倍;低浓度苯磺隆对碱性磷酸酶表现为激活—抑制—激活作用,高浓度苯磺隆表现为抑制—激活作用,第60 d极显著地高于对照,是对照的2.49倍;低浓度苯磺隆对蛋白酶活性表现为激活—抑制作用,高浓度苯磺隆表现为抑制—激活作用;尿素、多效唑(除B1N1处理对蛋白酶的影响外)配施可减弱苯磺隆对土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性的抑制作用,大多数处理表现为抑制—激活作用,在处理结束时(第60 d),脲酶和碱性磷酸酶仍极显著地高于对照。 相似文献
6.
为明确温度对截形叶螨抗哒螨灵种群(Py-R)和敏感种群(SS)风险发育速率的影响和评估截形叶螨对哒螨灵药剂的抗性风险,本试验在16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃和36℃6个温度梯度下,用王-兰-丁模型拟合了两个种群的世代发育速率与温度的关系曲线,并采用了数量遗传学中的域性状分析法,估算了截形叶螨对哒螨灵的现实遗传力并预测了不同选择压力下截形叶螨对哒螨灵的抗性风险。研究结果表明,根据拟合的王-兰-丁模型推导,截形叶螨敏感种群SS世代发育的最低、最高临界温度分别为10.05℃和39.24℃,抗性种群Py-R发育最低、最高临界温度分别为13.45℃和41.89℃;抗性种群各螨态的最高临界温度值均显著大于敏感种群,表明截形叶螨抗哒螨灵种群对高温的忍耐程度和适应能力大于敏感种群。估算出的截形叶螨对哒螨灵的抗性现实遗传力(h~2)为0.11,且抗性筛选前期和中期的h~2值为0.12和0.18,大于筛选后期h2值(0.08),在筛选末期,h~2值又回升到0.14。在室内选择条件(h~2=0.11)下,选择压力即杀死率为50%~90%时,预计抗性增长10倍,仅需10~23代;而在田间选择压力(h2=0.05)下,同样条件下,抗性增长也只需21~46代。因此,截形叶螨对哒螨灵存在一定的抗性风险,可与其他不具交互抗性的杀虫剂之间进行轮用,并降低选择压来延缓抗药性的产生。 相似文献
7.
采用PCR-DGGE和比色法,在室内培养条件下研究施用不同浓度吡嘧磺隆(0.4,4,40mg/kg)对土壤真菌群落结构及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:施用吡嘧磺隆7d时提高了土壤脱氢酶及多酚氧化酶活性,抑制葡聚糖酶活性,真菌多样性指数无明显变化;14d时,随着施药浓度的增大,脱氢酶活性减弱,多酚氧化酶活性增强,真菌多样性指数逐渐增大。21d时,随施用吡嘧磺隆浓度增大,土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性会降低,而土壤葡聚糖酶恢复至对照水平,真菌多样性指数增大。试验结果为全面了解吡嘧磺隆对土壤微生态环境的影响提供数据依据。 相似文献
8.
苯磺隆对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过盆栽小麦试验,研究了苯磺隆污染对土壤尿酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性的动态影响。结果表明,苯磺隆处理前期(14d前)对土壤脲酶活性具有抑制作用(除第1天0.1、0.5mg/kg处理),且抑制作用随着苯磺隆浓度的增大而增强,第7天脲酶活性最小,最大抑制率为74.8%;处理后期(14d后)对脲酶活性具有一定的激活作用,最高激活率达183.0%。而低浓度苯磺隆对土壤碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶具有一定的激活效应,高浓度苯磺隆对土壤碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶具有抑制-激活效应,对碱性磷酸酶的抑制作用表现在处理的最初7d,对蛋白酶的抑制作用表现在处理前期(14d前)。结果表明苯磺隆对土壤酶活性的影响不仅与苯磺隆处理的浓度和培养时间有关,同时还与土壤酶的种类有关,土壤尿酶活性对表征苯磺隆污染具有一定的指示作用。 相似文献
9.
10.
菟丝子具有寄主范围广、扩散迅速等特点,给园林景观造成极大的破坏.试验采用生产中常用的4种药剂,以不同稀释倍数对寄生在小叶榕上的日本菟丝子进行防除试验.结果表明:10％苯磺隆+56％二甲四氯钠可湿性粉剂500倍液防效最好,茎尖防效为90％,藤茎防效为94％;10％苯磺隆+56％二甲四氯钠可湿性粉剂800倍液、330 g·... 相似文献
11.
宽体金线蛭（Whitmania pigra）具有抗凝溶栓的药理作用,但其药效受提取工艺的影响。为全面评价并筛选出合适的提取工艺,本试验采用脱脂、水提、酸提和酶解等不同工艺制备了14种提取物,并对提取物的抗凝活性、纤溶活性与体外溶栓活性进行分析。结果表明,脱脂胃蛋白酶酶解提取物的抗凝血酶活性显著高于其他提取物,且具有较强的纤溶活性和体外溶栓活性;仿生酶解提取物具有较强的抗凝血酶活性和体外溶栓活性;脱脂仿生酶解提取物具有较强的纤溶活性和体外溶栓活性;脱脂加热的水提提取物具有较强的纤溶活性和体外溶栓活性。脱脂胃蛋白酶酶解提取物中,分子量小于3 kDa的多肽具有较强的抗凝血酶活性和纤溶活性。此外,三个水提提取物、仿生酶解物、脱脂仿生酶解物和粗酶酶解提取物对纤维蛋白原的α肽链均具有溶解作用。综上所述,宽体金线蛭提取物均具有抗凝溶栓的药理作用,酶解提取物优于水提提取物和酸提提取物,脱脂处理有利于活性物质的提取,其中胃蛋白酶酶解提取物效果最佳,并且脱脂胃蛋白酶酶解物的小分子多肽成分具有最佳的抗凝血酶活性和纤溶活性。本试验结果为进一步开发利用宽体金线蛭的药理作用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
12.
Per Milberg 《Biological conservation》1994,70(3):287-290
The germination ecology of the endangered biennial grassland forb Gentianella campestris was studied. The seeds had a primary dormancy which was overcome by cold-stratification. Seeds buried in the soil became germinable in early spring (February), and autumn-sown seeds germinated during a four-week period in late spring (May). Exhumed seeds germinated in both light and darkness and in situ germination occurred even at 15 cm depth in the soil. No persistent soil seed bank could be detected in populations of G. campestris, and very few experimentally buried seeds were viable after 21 months in the soil. Together, these results indicate that the species has a transient seed bank, in which case yearly seed production is important for maintaining populations and preventing local extinction. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation of genetic diversity and plant growth promoting activities of nitrogen-fixing bacilli isolated from rice fields in South Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Anelise Beneduzi Daiane Peres Luciano K. Vargas Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini Luciane Maria P. Passaglia 《Applied soil ecology》2008,39(3):311-320
Several strains of bacilli, mainly species of the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus, displaying important plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics were isolated from seven distinct rice production zones of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Of 296 isolates, 155 were from rhizospheric soil and 141 from bulk soil. In order to evaluate the diversity among the isolates of each bacterial population the Shannon index was used on a 70% similarity basis. Diversity indices varying from 2.27 to 5.51 were obtained. Using principal coordinate analysis (PCA) to correlate bacterial diversity with soil parameters, it was found that soil pH was the characteristic most closely related to bacilli diversity. The bacilli isolated were also analyzed for some PGP activities. Of those 296 isolates, 94 and 148 produced between 0.1 and 30 μg of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ml−1 in vitro after 72 and 144 h of incubation, respectively. Twenty-two isolates were able to solubilize phosphate and 32 isolates produced siderophores. Paenibacillus and Bacillus genera were the most prominent groups in the rhizosphere and soil populations analyzed. Paenibacillus borealis was the most frequent species in both locations. The isolate SVPR30, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a strain of Bacillus sp., was chosen for in vivo greenhouse experiments and proved to be very efficient in promoting a significant increase in the roots and shoot parts of rice plants. The identification and isolation of PGP bacilli from temperate and subtropical soils, which combine the ability to fix nitrogen with the production of substances capable to promote the plant growth, could significantly increase productivity of grain crops in Brazil. 相似文献
14.
Yoram Yom-Tov 《Biological conservation》1987,40(4):245-253
Annual counts of Gazella gazella and Gazella dorcas were conducted in the southern Negev Desert of Israel during 1964–85. The Gazella dorcas population increased at an average annual rate of 9·05% near agricultural settlements and 3·8% in other areas (overall mean for the whole area was 7%). The total population size in 1985 was about 1100 animals.
The Gazella gazella population decreased during the study period at an average annual rate of 0·65%. The total population size in 1985 was estimated at 27 animals.
Possible reasons for the above population trends are discussed. It is suggested that a significant decrease in poaching and increased water and food availability near human settlements are responsible for the increase of G. dorcas, while increased interference from people, feral dogs and predators were the main factors causing the decrease of G. gazella. 相似文献
15.
为探究半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(cystatin)基因MpCYS4在苹果响应苹果褐斑病病原菌侵染过程中的功能,以苹果矮化砧木M26野生型和MpCYS4过表达株系#1、#3、#4为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR分析苹果褐斑病病菌侵染后MpCYS4基因在苹果叶片中的表达变化;同时,对转MpCYS4基因苹果叶片的褐斑病抗性进行鉴定,并对MpCYS4融合蛋白进行体外诱导纯化和抑菌活性分析。结果表明,MpCYS4基因的表达受褐斑病侵染诱导,其过量表达提高了苹果叶片对褐斑病的抗性,且经体外纯化的MpCYS4融合蛋白能够有效抑制褐斑病病原菌孢子的萌发和菌丝生长,表现出显著的抑菌活性。本研究结果为进一步探索MPCYS4的生物学功能及其抗病作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
16.
我国普通菜豆的主产区主要分布在干旱、半干旱地区。干旱是影响其生长的主要因素之一。为了筛选抗旱种质资源以及建立抗旱性评价方法,以50份来源不同的普通菜豆品种为材料,采用盆栽法,设正常供水和干旱胁迫2种处理,在干旱胁迫12 d和复水3 d后分别取样测定各项形态和生理指标;采用干旱胁迫和复水后两者的抗旱度量值(D值)、聚类分析和逐步回归方程以及通径分析相结合的方法,对普通菜豆进行苗期的抗旱鉴定及抗旱指标的筛选。结果表明,干旱12 d后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,复水3 d后相对叶绿素含量、相对含水量与各自D值显著相关,两处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量与各自D值极显著相关。根据各自D值进行聚类分析,将50份供试材料进行抗旱级别分类,两处理分类结果的一致率达到40%,邻级率为60%,未出现跨级材料;综合两处理的分类结果进一步细分,可分为高抗、中高抗、中抗、中低抗和低抗5个抗旱级别,其中高抗材料10份、中高抗材料25份、中抗材料7份、中低抗材料6份、低抗材料2份。综上所述,普通菜豆苗期干旱胁迫和复水后的D值相互判定的方法可提高鉴定结果的可靠性;干旱胁迫下的SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量和复水后的相对叶绿素含量、相对含水量、MDA含量可作为普通菜豆苗期抗旱性鉴定的指标,尤其是两者的MDA含量可直接用于普通菜豆资源的抗旱性鉴定。本研究为简化鉴定筛选工作提供了方法和理论依据。 相似文献
17.
为探究减轻杏果实采后黑斑病的方法,以赛买提杏果实为试验材料,经3.0 mg·L-1 2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)结合2%氯化钙(CaCl2)减压渗透处理后,于温度1.0±1℃、相对湿度90%~95%条件下放置48 h后,进行交孢链格孢(Alternaria alternata)损伤接种,并进行A. alternata离体抑菌试验。结果表明,3.0 mg·L-1 EBR结合2% CaCl2对A. alternata的菌落直径和孢子萌发没有直接抑制作用。EBR结合CaCl2处理可通过诱导苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(C4H)、香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)活性上升,增加总酚、类黄酮和木质素含量来抑制杏果实接种发病率与病斑直径的上升。综上,EBR结合氯化钙处理可通过诱导苯丙烷代谢途径来增强杏果实对黑斑病的抗性。本研究结果可为减轻杏果实采后黑斑病提供技术参考与理论依据。 相似文献
18.
Seven organophosphate and carbanate insecticides were tested for their effects on C2H2-reduction by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sweetclovcr (Melilotus alba L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Plants were grown in vitro for 21 days on nonstcrile vermiculite or soil substrates. Oftanol® was inhibitory to most plants on both soil and vermiculite. Carbofuran's inhibitory effect was almost entirely limited to soil-grown plants. Carbaryl, aldicarb, chlorpyrifos, and terbufos were inhibitory to certain plants under some conditions. Phosmet was the least toxic. Significant differences were observed in toxicity which were dependent on the growth substrate used. The effects of carbamates tended to be restricted to plants grown on soil substrates rather than on vermiculite. Loss of C2H2-reducing ability was usually correlated with inhibition of nodule formation. The insecticides did not inhibit growth of Rhizobium meliloti or R. trifolii in broth culture. 相似文献
19.
The saprophytic survival of the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and its antagonist, G. graminis var. graminis, was studied over 9-month periods in 1982 and 1983 under conventional and no-tillage cultivation. In 1982, when the rainfall for the 9-month period was 30.4% below the long-term average, the survival of the fungi was comparable under the two tillage systems. However, the survival of G. graminis var. graminis was significantly greater (P 0.05) than that of G. graminis var. tritici at each sampling time. In 1983, when the rainfall for the 9-month period was 25.1% above the long-term average, the survival of both fungi was significantly greater under no-tillage than under conventional tillage. The survival of the two isolates of G. graminis var. graminis after 3 months was significantly greater (P 0.05) than that of the two isolates of the pathogen. The implications for the greater survival of the fungal antagonist compared to the take-all fungus under no-tillage are discussed in relation to the biological control of take-all. 相似文献