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1.
A simple method to control the seed purity of japonica hybrid rice varieties using PCR-based markers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) by the cms‐bo cytoplasm and its restoration by the nuclear restorer gene, Rf‐1, are used for seed production of japonica hybrid rice varieties. To produce pure hybrid seeds, a prerequisite is to properly manage the seed purity of parental lines, especially CMS lines. In this study, three dominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based markers (M1, M2 and M3) were developed to detect mutual contamination in seed batches of CMS lines, maintainer lines, restorer lines and hybrids. M1 detected the mitochondrial sequence that was present in the cytoplasm of common japonica varieties and absent in the cms‐bo cytoplasm. M2 and M3 detected the chromosomal sequence related to the Rf‐1 allele in restorer lines and the rf‐1 allele in common japonica varieties, respectively. By the strategic use of these markers, japonica hybrids and their parental lines could be efficiently distinguished from each other. Furthermore, sensitivity tests for the three markers with a series of crude DNA samples prepared from polished grains demonstrated that these markers could detect one contaminating grain among 500 or 1000 grains. Therefore, the bulk PCR analyses with the markers developed here probably make it possible to control the seed purity of japonica hybrids properly by selecting appropriate seed batches of their parental lines quickly and efficiently. 相似文献
2.
Influence of cyto‐sterility sources of female line on seed quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) in relation to storage period 
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下载免费PDF全文 Effect of cyto‐sterility sources on morphology and yield attributes in F1 has well been studied in different crops, but not on the seed quality of hybrid. Six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, viz. Ogura, Siifolia, Erucoides, Moricandia, Tournefortii and Oxyrrhina, which represent six different sources of CMS, were pollinated by a single maintainer line (‘Pusa Bold’) to check whether CMS sources have any marked effect on seed quality. Seeds were collected in 2007–2008 (rabi season: October–April) from CMS maintenance plot and kept in ambient storage for next 3 years. The results indicated that CMS/cyto‐sterility sources influenced the seed quality parameters in fresh seed as well as after storage. Per cent germination (as means over the storage period) was recorded up to 89.00, 88.25 and 87.88 in Moricandia, Ogura and Oxyrrhina systems, respectively, and it was significantly different from Tournefortii and ‘Pusa Bold’ (70.13 and 74.38, respectively). The CMS sources also had pronounced effect on other seed quality traits, viz. root and shoot length and seedling dry matter, and Ogura and Moricandia (green) performed better. 相似文献
3.
Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) lines are being used to produce hybrid seeds. Thus far, four CMS sources in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have been reported in China. However, they are not sufficient or efficient in meeting the requirements of commercial soybean hybrid seed production. In this study, 33 varieties were tested for CMS using 45 crosses among 37 landraces and 17 annual wild soybean accessions (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.). The cross of N23661 × N23658 showed partial to complete male sterility in backcross generations, while the corresponding reciprocal cross showed normal male fertility. Thus, the cytoplasm of N23661 is male‐sterile, the continuously backcrossed line is a male‐sterile line (designated NJCMS4A), and N23658 is its maintainer (designated NJCM4B). The male fertility of NJCMS4A was restored by another accession, Nansheng9403. Accordingly, NJCMS4A along with its maintainer and restorer composes a complete set of three lines for producing hybrid soybean. Using mitochondrial markers and sequence analyses, NJCMS4A is a CMS line with its cytoplasm not identical to the four previously reported CMS sources in soybean. 相似文献
4.
水稻优良恢复系明恢63两个恢复基因恢复力的单独评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
野败型细胞质雄性不育系统是选配杂交稻组合广泛应用的主要不育细胞质资源，野败型细胞质雄性不育的育性恢复能力由两个恢复基因控制。以前的研究表明，明恢63具有2个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(μ)，分别位于第1和第10染色体上。为了分别准确估计这两个恢复基因的遗传效应，根据分子标记基因型，从珍汕97／明恢63衍生的241个F9重组自交系群体中选择两个自交系R124和R1183，它们分别含有单个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)，将R124和R1183与珍汕97A杂交，分别得到F1A和F1B，再自交得到F2A和F2B。在武汉和海南分别考察F1的育性，F1A的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为53．4％和60．2％，F1B的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为70．5％和75．7％。而珍汕97A／明恢63的杂种汕优63结实率为81．4％。F2A和F2B群体育性分离均符合1个主基因1：3的孟德尔期望分离比，表明，R124和R1183分别只含有一个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)。Rf(M)的效应较大，恢复力强，它单独几乎可以使育性恢复正常。利用标记辅助选择方法，转移两个恢复基因可以快速选育优良恢复系。 相似文献
5.
6.
Soybean sprouts, a traditional vegetable in Asia, are gaining popularity in the United States. Soybean sprout demand has been supplied by natto (a Japanese soyfood) cultivars that share some seed characteristics with sprout cultivars. However, natto seeds do not meet all requirements of sprouts and are rejected by sprout manufacturers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate important seed and sprout traits as potential selection criteria in breeding sprout soybeans and to study the storage effect on soybean sprout quality. Almost all genotypes produced thicker and longer hypocotyls and higher fresh-sprouts than ‘MFS-561’, a commercial soybean sprout variety. Hypocotyl length ranged from 13.8 to 16.2 cm. Four fungi genera Bipolaris sp., Cercospora sp., Botrytis sp. and Caethomium sp. were isolated from seeds. Cracked cotyledons and abnormal seedlings were the two main constraints affecting soybean sprout quality. Correlation coefficients among all traits indicated that percentage and weight of high- and average-quality sprouts would determine sprout yield. Acceptable yield and several traits were recommended to be used simultaneously while breeding superior sprout soybean cultivars. Good sprout varieties should produce high-quality sprouts >48%, average-quality sprouts <38%, low-quality sprouts <14%, sprout yield >5.7 g/g seed, hypocotyl thickness >1.6 cm and hypocotyl length >13 cm. One-year seed storage at room temperature reduced sprout quality. V09-3876 and V12-1939 had superior seed and sprout traits and are promising lines for further evaluation for sprout production. Seed storage over time affects seed germination and seedling vigor, and fungi on seed can cause reduced seed quality. 相似文献
7.
X. L. Tan Y. L. Tan Y. H. Zhao X. M. Zhang R. K. Hong S. L. Jin X. R. Liu D. J. Huang 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(4):338-341
Cytoplasmic male sterility of Dian‐type 1 (CMS‐D1) was developed 30 years ago in Yunnan. A major gene conferring fertility restoration for the CMS‐D1 system was detected by microsatellite markers in advanced inbred lines consisting of 196 maintainers and 62 restorers developed in breeding programmes of hybrid rice involving the CMS‐D1 system. The gene was mapped between two simple sequence repeat markers, OSR33 and RM228, on chromosome 10, and was temporarily designated as Rf‐D1(t). The genetic distances of the gene to the two microsatellite markers were 3.4 and 5.0 cM, respectively. This linkage was confirmed by using an F2 population derived from a cross between a CMS‐D1 line and a restorer. This study also demonstrated that using OSR33 was reliable and efficient for identification of restoring lines in hybrid rice breeding with the CMS‐D1 system. 相似文献
8.
The cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS)/fertility‐restoration system is important for hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed production. The objective of this study was to characterize two novel alloplasmic CMSs, designated CMS GRO1 and CMS MAX3, with defective anthers, narrow disc florets with no swollen corolla, and short, narrow ray flowers derived from two tetraploid amphiploids (AMPs). Among 26 tested lines, only AMP Helianthus cusickii/P 21 and HA 410 failed to restore male‐fertility. Segregation of CMS, male‐fertile plants and plants with reduced male‐fertility was observed both in the testcross progeny of a six line half‐diallel cross of F1s with CMS MAX3 and in an F2 population of CMS GRO1 × RHA 274. Male‐fertility restoration was controlled by at least two dominant genes. Detailed analysis of the mitochondrial genes may provide insight into the differences between these CMSs and other CMS lines. The new CMSs will facilitate the studies of the incompatibility between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes, especially for the alloplasmic CMS involving perennial species, and also provide unique ornamental flower types and CMS sources for hybrid sunflower breeding. 相似文献
9.
为研究赤霉素（GA3）对打破茄子种子休眠及植株生长的影响,以16份自交系和2份品种为试材,采用GA3处理种子,对不同自交系种子的休眠特性的解除和杂交品种的植株生长的影响进行研究。结果表明16份自交系取种后1个月芽率都较低,最高为25.5%,最低为0%,不同材料间存在极显著差异,说明初收茄子种子普遍存在休眠现象,但休眠深浅程度存在差异;经1000 mg/L GA3处理,所有自交系的芽率、芽势都有明显提高,其中6份芽率达到90%以上,说明GA3对解除茄子种子休眠效果极为显著。室温干燥器存储4个月后除06036和06039 2份亲缘来自中国北方的黑紫茄自交系芽率在低于80%,其他14份材料均在90%以上。利用GA3浸种处理‘农夫长茄’和‘庆丰紫红茄’对不同生长时期的植株、果实性状和产量调查发现,较高浓度GA3(2000 mg/L)对‘庆丰紫红茄’1叶1心期株高有极显著增加,低浓度GA3浸种处理对‘庆丰紫红茄’及不同浓度GA3对‘农夫长茄’的株高促进作用不明显;4叶期后,不同浓度的GA3浸种处理对‘农夫长茄’和‘庆丰紫红茄’植株高度、茎周径、叶片大小的影响差异均不显著,对2个品种的开花期、商品果性状（单果重、果长、果粗、畸形果率）及产量等影响均未达显著差异;且同一浓度浸种4 h与6 h对植株生长、商品果性状和产量的作用效果一致。本研究可为茄子商用种解除休眠提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
T. Hodgkin 《Euphytica》1975,24(3):691-698
Summary Differences in time of flowering between two parent lines of F1 varieties of Brassica oleracea could significantly affect both the total seed yield and the proportion of sibs in the hybrid seed crop.The results for the time to flower of an incomplete diallel show that even in relatively inbred material of brussels sprouts there is potential to select for altered flowering time. Results obtained from a set of highly inbred cabbage lines which were given three temperature regimes in early spring show that between line variation is complicated by different responses of some of the lines to the environments. 相似文献
11.
针对不同血缘的玉米种质资源,探讨自交系籽粒性状与种子萌发能力之间的关系,为选育强发芽势玉米品种提供依据。以玉米自交系为材料,鉴定供试材料的籽粒类型、百粒重,同时采用纸间萌发法,测定发芽势、发芽率、根长和芽长等性状。结果表明,玉米自交系的籽粒大小与种子萌发性状存在显著相关性,即籽粒大小与发芽率、发芽势呈显著相关,均为负向低度相关。其中,百粒重与发芽势的相关系数为-0.133,百粒重与发芽率的相关系数为-0.132。籽粒大小与根长、芽长呈极显著相关,均为负向低度相关。其中,百粒重与根长的相关性为-0.222,百粒重与芽长的相关性为-0.215。籽粒类型与种子萌发不存在显著相关性,其相关系数均小于0.1。发芽率和发芽势、根长和芽长间均呈极显著正相关,相关系数均大于0.5。通过百粒重性状可以推断自交系芽期活力的强弱。 相似文献
12.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling seed longevity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) after various periods of seed storage 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Seed longevity varies considerably in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), but the underlying genetic mechanism of longevity has not been well elucidated. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control seed longevity after various periods of seed storage were sought using recombinant inbred lines derived from a combination involving ‘Milyang23’(Indica‐type) and ‘Akihikari’ (Japonica‐type). In all, 12 QTLs for germination and normal seedling growth were detected as indices of seed longevity on chromosome 7 (one region) and chromosome 9 (two regions) in treated seeds that had been stored under laboratory conditions for 1, 2 or 3 years.‘Milyang23’ alleles of all QTLs promoted germination and normal seedling growth after all durations of storage. These QTL regions were detected repeatedly in more than one seed condition. Therefore, we infer that these regions control seed longevity. 相似文献
13.
M. Nieuwhof 《Euphytica》1968,17(1):3-10
Summary Until now most breeders have preferred fully sib-incompatible inbred lines when producing seed of hybrid varieties of cole crops. In this paper, however, the possibilities of incompletely sib-incompatible lines are discussed.Calculations are made of the ratio between SxSx, SxSy and SySy in the progenies of an SxSy-plant which is selfed for one generation and mass-propagated in further generations. The ratio between these genotypes and the generations in which an equilibrium is attained is determined by the relation between the S-factors and their activities.Lines produced in this way are incompletely sib-incompatible. With dominance between the S-factors in pollen or style or in both, the percentage of sibs, when using such lines for the production of hybrid seed, will be too high (> 10%). This percentage is much reduced, and with active S-factors may even be less than 1, if an independent relation exists between the S-factors. This small percentage of sibs is generally no serious handicap in producing hybrid seed for many practical purposes. 相似文献
14.
A comparison of cytoplasmic and chemically-induced male sterility systems for hybrid seed production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A comparison of two male sterility systems was carried out in wheat for hybrid seed production and hybrid performance. Seventeen
hybrid combinations based on Triticum timopheevi cytoplasm were compared with their genetically equivalent CHA-facilitated combinations. The same set of restorer lines was
used as parents in CMS- and CHA-based hybrids to maintain genetic equivalence. In the first experiment aimed at study of female
line behavior and crossed seed production, the CHA treated lines showed significantly shorter heights whereas CMS lines were
similar to the control. The two systems were equally effective in sterilizing rate. The outcrossing percentage of the CMS
lines was almost twice that of the CHA treated lines. Thousand-grain weight of the crossed seeds on CMS lines was greater
than on the CHA treated lines and control. On average, the germination percentage of seeds on CMS lines was double that of
the CHA treated lines and the percentage of effective outcrossed seeds in CMS lines was 3 times more than that from CHA treated
lines. The second experiment was conducted to examine the yield performance of the hybrids derived from the two systems of
male sterility. A total of 40 entries including 20 hybrids and 20 parents were evaluated in the experiment. The mean grain
yield of the CMS-based hybrids was greater than that of the CHA-based hybrids,the B and R lines. All the CMS-based hybrids
showed significantly higher grain yields than their better parents whereas all the CHA-based hybrids, except two,showed no
significant yield increases over their better parents. Possible reasons for differences in CMS- and CHA-based hybrid performance
are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seed germination stage is one of the major determinants for the stable stand establishment in salinity soil. One
population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F2:9), derived from a cross between a japonica rice landrace tolerant to salt stress and a sensitive indica rice variety, was used to determine the germination traits including
imbibition rate and germination percentage under control (water) and salt stress (100 mM NaCl) for 10 days at 30 °C. The multiple
interval mapping (MIM) were applied to conduct QTL for the traits. The results showed that seed germination was a quantitative
trait controlled by several genes, and strongly affected by salt stress. A total of 16 QTLs were detected in this study, and
each QTL could explain 4.6–43.7% of the total phenotypic variance. The expression of these QTLs might be developmentally regulated
and growth stage-specific. In addition, only one digenic interaction was detected under salt stress, showing small effect
on germination percentage with R2 2.7%. Among sixteen QTLs detected in this study, four were major QTLs with R2 > 30%, and some novel alleles of salt tolerance genes in rice. The results demonstrated that the japonica rice Jiucaiqing is a good source of gene(s) for salt tolerance and the major or minor QTLs identified could be used to improve
the salt tolerance by marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice. 相似文献
16.
Agro-morphological characterization of ovary culture-derived plants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Plants derived from unpollinated ovary culture of ten rice genotypes showed significant variability in agro-morphological
characteristics. The ovary-derived plant (H1) populations were completely haploid, doubled haploid or haploid-doubled haploid
mixture. Haploids had very drastic reduction in plant height, panicle length, grain length, breadth and number and spikelet
fertility (0.0%–2.1%). Doubled haploids from the hybrid of UPRI 95–121 × UPRI 95–165 were normal with fertility ranging between
69.6% and 97.7%. A genetic segregation in ratio of 1:1 was observed for five pigmentation characters in the H1 population
derived from hybrid UPRI 95–122 × UPRI 95–165. Plant height showed the largest coefficient of variability (28.5%) followed
by the number of spikelets per panicle (24.2%), number of grains per panicle (22.0%), percent seed set (9.2%) and panicle
length (9.0%). The range of variation in the H1 population from fully fertile hybrid PMS 2A (CMS) × IR 31802 (restorer) was
similar to its corresponding F2 population for plant height, spikelet fertility and number of grains/panicle. A single clone
of plants from the cultivar BG 1321 exhibited complete male sterility but normal female fertility when pollinated with other
varieties. Ovary-derived plants from the CMS lines PMS 2A and IR 58025A showed stable male sterility and those from thermosensitive
genetic male sterile line UPRI 95–140 showed thermosensitive genetic male sterility. These lines have potential in the hybrid
breeding program and are being currently exploited.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
分析常规库存条件下,贮藏春小麦种子发芽能力变化特点,为春小麦种子长时间贮藏提供实践依据。试验用15份春小麦材料,连续测定了2009—2017年间的发芽势和发芽率,并对种子的发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的变化进行分析。研究表明,小麦种子在常规库存条件下,发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的增加逐年降低,发芽势的年降速率快于发芽率的年降速率;小麦品种间发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的变化存在差异性;同一小麦品种,会受到品种和收获环境互作效应的影响,在不同环境下种植与收获,发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的变化会有不同。由此认为在检测库存小麦种子发芽力时,应按照不同贮藏年限、不同品种、同一品种不同来源等,对种子分批逐个检测,不能随意替代。 相似文献
18.
Production of a desirable Brassica oleracea CMS line using an alloplasmic B. rapa CMS line carrying Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm as a bridge plant 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yoshiaki Fujita Keita Sunaga Su‐Hyeun Shim Wataru Yamada Takayuki Ohnishi Sang Woo Bang 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(2):162-170
In Brassica oleracea, production of F1 hybrid seeds mainly makes use of the improved Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line. However, reliance on one particular line is a risk, and it would be advantageous to develop other CMS lines. In this study, we transferred Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm to B. oleracea cultivars using an alloplasmic B. rapaCMS line as a bridge plant to avoid incompatibility between donor and recipient plants. The new B. oleraceaCMS lines, which were derived by four generations of backcrossing, had small rudimentary anthers with no pollen grain and showed complete male sterility. There was no functional defect in other floral organs, and the ability to receive normal pollen did not appear to be impaired. Moreover, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm had larger leaf areas and a normal plastochron. As a consequence, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm have the potential to be valuable alternatives for use in commercial B. oleracea hybrid seed production. 相似文献
19.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is strictly a self‐pollinated crop, where hybrid breeding requires well‐characterized cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines. The CMS has mostly been developed by substituting nuclear genome of wheat into the cytoplasm from wild relatives. Molecular characterization of 90 genotypes including 82 CMS lines originating from five different species, namely Aegilops speltoides, Ae. kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Triticum araraticum and T. timopheevii, and eight popular varieties was carried out. Consequently, a set of 25 microsatellite markers specific to chloroplast (cpSSRs) were designed and successfully validated for specificity of amplification. A total of 15 cpSSRs (60%) were found polymorphic, of which three cpSSRs (TaCM7, TaCM8 and TaCM11) in genic region and twelve cpSSRs were located in intergenic region. Phylogenetic analysis of genotypes using cpSSRs revealed two major groups well in accordance with respective origin. A set of cpSSRs and phylogeny of CMS belonging to different origins developed, which will be helpful for the improvement in CMS system in wheat. The genic cpSSRs can be used for the allele mining and evolutionary studies. 相似文献
20.
B. Te Nijenhuis 《Euphytica》1971,20(4):498-507
Summary The acid phosphatase isoenzyme patterns of extracts of seeds from Brassica oleracea subspecies and Brussels sprouts cultivars have been analysed. In view of the inhomogeneity of most seed material, the extracts must be prepared from single seeds if the patterns are to be used for taxonomic classification.The acid phosphatase isoenzymes located in the 15–20 mm region of the electropherograms proved to be controlled by one locus, which consists of 4 alleles acting without dominance. As a result, the acid phosphatase patterns of seeds of pure inbred lines are characterized by a single band in this region. Crossing of inbred lines with a different allele constitution gives hybrid seed with the related double-band pattern. No polypeptide hybridization occurs.By analysis of the acid phosphatase patterns of sufficient individual seeds in a seed sample from a new Brussels sprouts hybrid, it was possible to determine the proportion of inbred seed in the sample. The results were in good agreement with those obtained from field observations. 相似文献