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抗生素2507对黄瓜疫病菌的抗生作用 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
由一放线菌链霉菌属Streptomyces spp.菌株产生的抗生素2507，其有效物有6个组份，与抗生素的Ⅳ类A族中的蓝菌素相似，试验结果表明，黄瓜 疫病菌在含有不同浓度抗生素2507药液的V8培养基上菌丝生长受一箭双雕明显的抑制菌丝的尖端形成膨胀泡后破裂，细胞内物质内外泄漏，菌丝致病力减弱，药液浓度为150ug/ml时对疫病菌的致病性抑制效果达到60.7%，在温室条件下抗生素2507对黄瓜疫病的预防和治疗效果分别高达100%和91.1%，EC50分别为77.9和95.7ug/ml。 相似文献
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锰锌·霜脲72%可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜霜霉病田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
进行了锰锌·霜脲72%可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜霜霉病田间药效试验,验证了该药对黄瓜霜霉病的防治作用.田间试验结果表明,锰锌·霜脲72%可湿性粉剂对黄瓜霜霉病具有良好的防治效果,在发病初期使用,每隔7d喷药1次,连续喷药2次,用量130～160g,667m2,可有效控制霜霉病的危害,持效期可达14d以上. 相似文献
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复合菌剂PB12防治黄瓜疫病效果评价以及对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国生物防治学报》2015,(2)
研究复合菌剂PB12对黄瓜疫病的生防与促生效果及其对根际土壤酶活性的影响,为PB12生防菌剂的研发提供理论依据。用复合菌剂PB12浇灌黄瓜进行温室盆栽和田间试验,测定黄瓜生长指标、黄瓜疫病发病率、抗氧化酶活性以及土壤酶活性,研究PB12对黄瓜疫病的生防与促生效果以及对根际土壤酶活性的影响。温室试验结果表明,复合菌剂对黄瓜疫病防效可达72.7%。浇灌复合菌剂后,可提高过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)的活性,并明显促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,茎粗、株高、鲜重、叶面积分别增加了36.4%、65.3%、80.0%、42.3%,叶绿素含量和根系活力显著提高;复合菌剂PB12能提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性,处理第21 d时,分别比对照提高了15.3%、23.7%、23.5%、24.3%。2012年大田试验结果表明,复合菌剂对黄瓜疫病生防效果为68.8%,黄瓜增产38.1%。复合菌剂PB12能有效防治黄瓜疫病,促进黄瓜幼苗生长,改善黄瓜根际土壤酶活性。 相似文献
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为了有效防治黄瓜的土传病害,本文从黄瓜根际土壤中分离得到256株细菌,利用平板对峙试验筛选到一株拮抗菌ZM-1。通过形态、生理生化和分子生物学方法对菌株进行鉴定,测定菌株产生的抑菌物质。通过正交实验法与单因素法对菌株进行发酵优化,并通过盆栽试验测定菌株防病能力。结果表明,菌株ZM-1为铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa,该菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumebrium 和黄瓜疫病菌Phytophthora drechsleri的抑制率分别为62.80%和65.58%。该菌株可以产生纤维素酶、铁载体等多种抑菌物质。经过最佳发酵优化,菌株发酵液菌含量可达到1×1010 cfu/mL以上。最适发酵培养基配方为蔗糖5 g/L、胰蛋白胨10 g/L、K2HPO4 10 g/L,发酵条件温度25 ℃、pH 7.5、时间48 h、接种量2%。盆栽试验表明,菌株ZM-1对黄瓜枯萎病和黄瓜疫病的防效分别为53.97%和51.11%。本研究表明拮抗菌ZM-1在防治黄瓜土传病害方面具有开发应用的潜力。 相似文献
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为明确黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉及双炔酰菌胺的抗性时空动态及这两种药剂对黄瓜霜霉病的田间防效,采用叶盘漂浮法检测了2011~2016年采自河北省和山东省黄瓜主产区的霜霉病菌1 821个菌株对烯酰吗啉及双炔酰菌胺的敏感性,并采用茎叶喷雾法对这两种药剂的田间防效进行评估。结果表明:黄瓜霜霉病菌1 821个菌株对烯酰吗啉和双炔酰菌胺抗性频率分别为88.5%和34.3%,供试菌株中对烯酰吗啉的低抗菌株及对双炔酰菌胺的敏感菌株占优势,平均抗性倍数分别为8.92和2.44,抗性指数分别为0.42和0.27。黄瓜霜霉病菌对这两种药剂的抗性频率、抗性倍数及抗性指数随着监测年限及地域的不同而波动。在河北定兴和山东寿光日光温室进行的田间药效试验中,按照药剂田间推荐剂量喷施4次,50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和250 g·L-1双炔酰菌胺悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病表现出良好的防效(85%以上),与两地黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉产生低抗、对双炔酰菌胺敏感的监测结果一致。由此推断,50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和250 g·L-1双炔酰菌胺悬浮剂可在对甲霜灵(或精甲霜灵)、噁霜灵及嘧菌酯普遍产生抗性的地区,作为58%甲霜灵·代森锰锌WP、68%精甲霜灵·代森锰锌WG、64%噁霜灵·代森锰锌WP 和250 g·L-1嘧菌酯SC的替代药剂单独使用或与不同作用机理的杀菌剂混用,防治黄瓜霜霉病。 相似文献
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本研究对８个细菌和酵母菌菌株进行了温室和田间小区小麦赤霉病的防治试验。结果在温室中Ｙ一１２菌株防效最高，达９４．３％，其它菌株的防效均在６５％以上。大田试验以ＧＪ６、ＹＮ１和Ｙ一１２等３个菌株的防效较高，分别为６４．９％、６７．９％和５６．８％。 相似文献
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Evaluation of Microbial Antagonists for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea Stem Infection in Cucumber and Tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A.J. Dik G. Koning J. Köhl 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(2):115-122
Of fifteen isolates of yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria and a commercial product, tested in a bioassay with stem segments, eleven isolates consistently reduced incidence of disease and sporulation of Botrytis cinerea Pers; Fr in tomato and seven isolates in cucumber. Several isolates reduced disease by more than 75% in all experiments. Six antagonists that performed well in the bioassays and that were fairly easy to produce in vitro, were selected for further testing in two glasshouse experiments with cucumbers. After application of spores of B. cinerea and the antagonists or the fungicide tolylfluanid to pruning wounds, disease incidence was reduced by 50–100% by all antagonists in both experiments and only in one experiment by tolylfluanid.For Trichoderma harzianum T39, Aureobasidium pullulans and Cryptococcus albidus, biological control efficacy in bioassays with cucumber stem segments was not strongly influenced by temperatures in the range between 18 and 30°C, but at 24°C the efficacy of the three antagonists strongly decreased at relative humidities of 90% and 80% (vapour pressure deficits 0.299 and 0.598kPa, respectively) compared to 100. 相似文献
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Induced Resistance of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (CGA 245704) to Cucumber and Japanese Pear Diseases 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Hideo Ishii Yasunori Tomita Takeshi Horio Yoshihiro Narusaka Yasuhiko Nakazawa Kumiko Nishimura Susumu Iwamoto 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(1):77-85
Antifungal activity of the novel compound acibenzolar-S-methyl (CGA245704: benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester) was examined in vitro. No remarkable activity was observed on mycelial growth and conidial germination of almost all fungi tested. Only melon isolates of Didymella bryoniae were sensitive to this compound. On potted plants, acibenzolar-S-methyl showed control efficacy on anthracnose and scab of cucumber and rust of Japanese pear but not on Fusarium wilt of cucumber. In field trials, the occurrence of both rust and scab on Japanese pear was suppressed with this compound. Based on these experiments, it was suggested that acibenzolar-S-methyl induced resistance to some but not all diseases on cucumber and Japanese pear. Induction of disease resistance in cucumber was rapidly triggered after treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl. 相似文献
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木霉对黄瓜幼苗生理特性及枯萎病防治效果的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
黄瓜枯萎病是一种土传真菌病害,在设施黄瓜栽培中最为常见且危害严重,应用生物防治技术防治该病害对黄瓜安全生产具有重要意义。本研究通过平板对峙试验筛选出3株对黄瓜枯萎病菌抑制率在74%以上的拮抗木霉,分别为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum525、哈茨木霉T.harzianum610和拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886,研究了3种木霉对黄瓜生理特性和幼苗生长作用效应及对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明:3种霉与黄瓜枯萎病菌同时接种的田间防治效果均达到78%以上,其中棘孢木霉T.asperellum525的田间防效达到81.5%。与只接种枯萎病原菌的对照相比,3种木霉与黄瓜枯萎病原菌同时接种或单一接种均可以显著提高黄瓜叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积以及黄瓜株高和茎粗,其中以拟康氏木霉T.pseudokoningii 886促进效果最强,叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积和根系比表面积增加幅度分别达到38.7%~49.5%、32.1%~33.6%、29.5%~66.3%、10.8%~21.5%、19.6%~23.5%、17.9%~25.0%、4.9%~13.1%,株高、茎粗和全株鲜重增加幅度分别达到20.7%~28.8%、29.7%~35.1%、10.0%~10.70%。 相似文献
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多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1防治黄瓜霜霉病的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过离体叶片筛选法,得到1株对黄瓜霜霉病原菌有较强抑制作用的多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1。通过液体发酵和剂型处理,将P1制成含量2×109 cfu/mL的悬浮剂分别进行室内和大田药效测试。室内药效试验结果表明,P1-SC悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果与用药浓度呈正相关。当使用浓度为1.25×107 cfu/mL时,P1悬浮剂对霜霉病的防治效果与化学农药250 g/L嘧菌酯SC的相似;当使用浓度为5.0×107 cfu/mL时,防治效果显著大于嘧菌酯(P≤0.05)。2017年和2018年连续两年大田药效测试结果显示,经P1-SC处理(3000 mL/hm2)的黄瓜植株霜霉病病情指数(2.53,2.48)显著低于经250 g/L嘧菌酯SC(600 mL/hm2)处理的植株(4.33、6.22),防治效果(86.16%,89.90%)显著高于后者(76.34%、74.95%)(P≤0.05)。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Recently in Japan, isolates resistant to boscalid, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), have been detected in Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curt.) Wei and Podosphaera xanthii (Castaggne) Braun & Shishkoff, the pathogens causing Corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew disease on cucumber, respectively. Resistant isolates of C. cassiicola are widely distributed and represent a serious problem in disease control at present. Novel SDHI fungicides, including fluopyram, are now under development. RESULTS: The growth of very highly boscalid‐resistant, highly resistant and sensitive isolates of C. cassiicola was strongly suppressed on fluopyram‐amended YBA agar medium. Although boscalid and another SDHI, penthiopyrad, hardly controlled Corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew on cucumber plants when very highly or highly boscalid‐resistant isolates were employed for inoculation, fluopyram still exhibited excellent control efficacy against these resistant isolates as well as sensitive isolates of C. cassiicola and P. xanthii. CONCLUSION: Differential sensitivity to boscalid, penthiopyrad and fluopyram, clearly found in these two important pathogens of cucumber, may indicate involvement of a slightly distinct site of action for fluopyram from the two other SDHIs. This finding may lead to the discovery of unique SDHIs in the future. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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培养条件对枯草芽孢杆菌G8抗菌蛋白含量的影响及蛋白液对黄瓜菌核病的生防效果 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为确定不同培养条件对枯草芽孢杆菌G8抗菌蛋白含量的影响,用硫酸铵沉淀法提取了不同pH,以及不同温度、装液量和培养时间下获得的发酵液中的抗菌粗蛋白,测定了其浓度和对黄瓜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary的抑制活性。结果表明,在Luria Bertani培养基条件下,适宜发酵产生抗菌蛋白的pH值、温度、装液量、培养时间和摇床转速分别为7.0、37℃、75 mL/250 mL(250 mL容器中装75 mL液体)、36 h和180 r/min。在此优化条件下,1 L发酵液经硫酸铵沉淀后的蛋白量达 48.4 mg。对在上述条件下获得的G8抗菌粗蛋白进行了温室及田间试验。结果表明,浓度为310.5 μg/mL的G8对黄瓜菌核病的保护效果和防治效果分别为 76.14%和 69.30%;G8抗菌粗蛋白与高岭土1∶ 2(V ∶ W)制成的膏剂对田间黄瓜茎部菌核病斑的治愈率为65.07%。 相似文献
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传统农业种植中常将目标作物与化感作物轮作控制土传病害,但对化感作物控病机制研究较少。本文研究了温室大蒜与黄瓜轮作对黄瓜疫病的控制效果,并进一步研究了大蒜组织挥发物和浸提液对甜瓜疫霉Phytophthora melonis及黄瓜种子萌发的影响,以期为利用大蒜与黄瓜轮作控制黄瓜疫病提供理论指导。结果表明,大蒜与黄瓜轮作可以有效降低黄瓜疫病的发生;大蒜不同组织挥发物和浸提液对P.melonis的各生长阶段都表现出显著的抑菌活性,其中蒜瓣的抑菌活性最强,挥发物(紫皮蒜/白皮蒜)在含量0.5 g/皿时对菌丝生长的抑制率均为100%;蒜瓣浸提液(紫皮蒜/白皮蒜)在浓度1.67 mg/mL时对菌丝生长的抑制率分别为32%和45%;在浓度0.25 mg/mL时对游动孢子萌发的抑制率分别为98%和53%。另外,大蒜挥发物和浸提液在低浓度或含量对黄瓜种子的萌发并无显著抑制效果,但在中高浓度或含量会表现出延缓生长的现象。综上所述,大蒜不同组织产生和释放的化合物对P.melonis具有抑制活性,在生产上可以利用大蒜或大蒜秸秆与黄瓜轮作控制黄瓜疫病的发生。 相似文献
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从不同处理方法、酶液pH变化等方面对果胶酶诱导黄瓜抗黑星病效能的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在果胶酶的4种不同处理试验中，以全株表面喷雾法处理的黄瓜黄化子叶黑星病的病情指数降低最多，浓度100和200U／ml的诱导防病效果分别为56．34％和64．13％；下胚轴注射、灌根和漫种等3种处理方法的诱导抗病效果均不显著。经果胶酶诱导处理的黄瓜绿苗叶片病情明显降低，而处理叶上部的未处理叶片发病情况与相应对照差别不大。该结果表明，果胶酶诱导黄瓜绿苗抗黑星病的作用属于局部诱导。果胶酶处理次数的增加可增强其诱导抗病效果，并延长诱导抗病时间。酶液pH变化对果胶酶的诱导抗病作用影响显著，pH5．5时，2个浓度的诱导效果最好，分别为51．87％和66．42％。 相似文献
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Induction of Systemic Resistance in Cucumber against Several Diseases by Plant Growth-promoting Fungi: lignification and Superoxide Generation 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Nobuyo Koike Mitsuro Hyakumachi Koji Kageyama Shinji Tsuyumu Noriyuki Doke 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(5):523-533
Five fungal isolates (Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phoma and a sterile fungus) from zoysiagrass rhizosphere that promote plant growth were tested for their ability to induce systemic resistance in cucumber plants against Colletotrichum orbiculare. Roots of cucumber plants were treated with these fungal isolates using barley grain inocula (BGI), mycelial inocula (MI) or culture filtrate (CF). Most isolate/inoculum form combinations significantly reduced the disease except BGI of Trichoderma. These fungal isolates were also evaluated for induction of systemic resistance against bacterial angular leaf spot and Fusarium wilt by treatment with BGI. Penicillium, Phoma and the sterile fungus significantly reduced the disease incidence of bacterial angular leaf spot. Phoma and sterile fungus protected plants significantly against Fusarium wilt. Roots treated with CFs of these fungal isolates induced lignification at Colletotrichum penetration points indicating the presence of an elicitor in the CFs. The elicitor activity of CFs was evaluated by the chemiluminescence assay using tobacco callus and cucumber fruit disks. The CFs of all isolates elicited conspicuous superoxide generation. The chemiluminescence activity of the CF of Penicillium was extremely high, and its intensity was almost 100-fold higher than that of other isolates. The chemiluminescence activity was not lost following treatment with protease or autoclaving or after removal of lipid. The MW 12,000 dialyzed CF fraction was highly effective in eliciting chemiluminescence activity. Chemiluminescence emission from cucumber fruit disks treated with Penicillium was the same as that obtained from tobacco callus, except that the lipid fraction also showed a high activity. Both the MW 12,000 fraction and the lipid fraction induced lignification in the epidermal tissues of cucumber hypocotyls. 相似文献