共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
灌浆期高温胁迫对强筋小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光参数的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
采用人工气候模拟的方法,系统地研究了小麦灌浆期高温对强筋小麦品种豫麦34旗叶叶绿素a荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫降低旗叶F o、F v、Fm、F v/Fm及F v/F o,从而导致PSⅡ潜在活性及光化学效率降低。在籽粒灌浆的不同阶段,高温胁迫效应表现有差异:高温处理开始时各荧光参数下降明显,之后植株有适应性恢复,但灌浆后期下降幅度最大,处理间的差异达显著或极显著水平,表明随着植株的衰老PSⅡ损伤加剧。灌浆期间植株光合性能的削弱导致籽粒灌浆速率降低,粒重显著下降。 相似文献
2.
2003～2004年度在大田条件下,采用2种不同筋力型小麦品种,研究了不同种植密度对小麦生育后期荧光动力学参数及产量的影响。结果表明,种植密度对不同筋力型小麦品种叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响存在差异,强筋型小麦品种豫麦34在每公顷基本苗225×104株条件下,其叶绿素含量、PS 潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PS 的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)等叶绿素荧光动力学参数较优,最终产量最高;而弱筋型小麦品种豫麦50在每公顷基本苗75×104株条件下,上述各性状最优,产量较高,随种植密度增大,Fv/Fo及Fv/Fm下降,qN增大,植株倒伏性亦增加。 相似文献
3.
氮肥用量对不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒灌浆特征和产量的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
在大田条件下,以强筋小麦品种郑麦9023和豫麦34、中筋小麦品种豫麦18以及弱筋小麦品种豫麦50为试验材料,采用10、15和20 kg/667m2三种施氮水平,研究了氮肥用量对不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒灌浆和产量的影响。结果表明,在各施氮处理中不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程均呈“S”型变化,但模型参数因氮肥用量而不同。郑麦9023和豫麦18的各项灌浆参数均表现为15 kg/667m2>20 kg/667m2>10kg/667m2;豫麦34籽粒灌浆持续期、理论最大粒重、最大灌浆出现时间、有效灌浆持续期、有效灌浆持续期增加值、有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率均表现为15 kg/667m2>20 kg/667m2>10 kg/667m2,平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率表现为20 kg/667m2最大,15 kg/667m2次之,10 kg/667m2最小。豫麦50籽粒灌浆持续期、有效灌浆持续期以20 kg/667m2最长,15 kg/667m2次之,10 kg/667m2最小;最大籽粒灌浆出现时间、最大灌浆速率、有效灌浆持续粒重增加值、有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率以15 kg/667m2最高(早),20 kg/667m2次之,10 kg/667m2最低(晚);而理论最大粒重、平均灌浆速率则表现为10 kg/667m2>15 kg/667m2>20 kg/667m2。同时,郑麦9023、豫麦18和豫麦34粒重与各灌浆参数均呈正相关,郑麦9023粒重与籽粒灌浆持续期、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率相关系数达到显著水平,与有效灌浆持续期相关系数达到极显著水平;豫麦18粒重与最大灌浆速率和有效灌浆持续期相关系数达到极显著水平,与平均灌浆速率之间达显著水平;豫麦34粒重与籽粒灌浆持续期相关系数达到显著水平;豫麦50粒重与籽粒灌浆持续期呈负相关,与平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、有效灌浆持续期和有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率均呈正相关,差异均不显著。豫麦18和豫麦34在15 kg/667m2下产量最高,且差异分别达到极显著和显著水平,郑麦9023和豫麦50在20 kg/667m2下产量最高,差异达显著水平。 相似文献
4.
土壤肥力对高产小麦品种烟农1212旗叶叶绿素荧光特性和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解土壤肥力对小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性和籽粒产量的影响,以高产小麦品种烟农1212为材料,比较分析了常年小麦产量水平为12 000和9 000kg·hm-2的高低两种土壤肥力条件下麦田土壤贮水消耗量、小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、叶面积指数和籽粒灌浆速率的差异。结果表明:(1)高肥力下小麦全生育期60～100cm土层土壤贮水消耗量显著高于低肥力。(2)相对于低土壤肥力,高土壤肥力显著增加了小麦旗叶开花后21～35d的叶绿素相对含量和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、开花后28d和35d的最大潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)以及开花后14～35d相对电子传递速率(ETR)。高土壤肥力下小麦在孕穗期、开花期、开花后21～35d具有较高的叶面积指数。(3)高土壤肥力可显著提高灌浆中后期的籽粒灌浆速率,显著增加籽粒产量及其构成因素、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力。由此可见,高土壤肥力能够改善小麦光合能力,有利于产量形成,进而提高产量和促进水肥高效利用。 相似文献
5.
适期晚播对弱春性小麦籽粒灌浆期光合性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了解适期晚播对小麦生育后期光合性能的影响,以弱春性小麦强筋品种郑麦9023、中筋品种偃展4110和弱筋品种豫麦50为材料,研究了不同播期（旱播10月17日、适播10月24日、晚播10月31日）下小麦灌浆期旗叶的光合性能和产量特征。结果表明,郑麦9023晚播的籽粒产量比适播低8.26%,比早播高4.68%;偃展4110和豫麦50晩播籽粒产量分别比适播和早播平均高14.38%和18.55%。灌浆期各品种的叶面积指数晚播与适播处理差异不大,但均明显高于早播,平均高出12.7%;郑麦9023和偃展4110旗叶叶绿素含量晩播高于适播和早播,尤其花后14 d后差异达显著水平;旗叶净光合速率晚播处理中郑麦9023一直较高,偃展4110在花后21 d后明显高于适播和早播,豫麦50花后0~7 d较高。3个品种的灌浆速率晩播处理也占明显的优势。因此,适期晩播能维持弱春性小麦品种灌浆期较好的光合性能,获得较高的籽粒产量。 相似文献
6.
为给小麦氮肥管理提供理论依据,选用强筋小麦品种郑麦9023和弱筋小麦品种郑麦004为材料,在大田试验条件下研究了增铵营养对不同专用型小麦旗叶、籽粒可溶性糖含量与籽粒中淀粉及其组分含量的影响。结果表明,增铵营养条件下,两种小麦旗叶、籽粒中可溶性糖含量与籽粒淀粉及其组分含量在灌浆期间的变化趋势基本一致,但在灌浆中后期差别较大,与郑麦9023相比,郑麦004对增铵营养的响应更为显著。在NO3-∶NH4+为50∶50时小麦旗叶、籽粒可溶性糖含量变化及淀粉积累增加最显著。在此处理下,花后24d郑麦9023和郑麦004旗叶可溶性糖含量分别增加了7%和21%;增铵营养对两个小麦品种淀粉组分支/直比例影响不一,与对照相比,增铵营养导致郑麦9023下降了3.2%,使郑麦004增长了1.1%。增铵营养可能主要通过增加小麦旗叶中可溶性糖含量促进籽粒淀粉积累,与强筋小麦品种郑麦9023相比,弱筋小麦品种郑麦004的各项指标表现更为优异。 相似文献
7.
高温与干旱互作对两种筋力小麦品种籽粒淀粉及其组分含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了给小麦抗逆栽培提供参考依据,采用盆栽的试验方法,研究了花后高温、干旱及其互作对两种筋力小麦品种豫麦34(强筋)和豫麦50(弱筋)籽粒淀粉及其组分含量的影响.结果表明,高温胁迫均导致两品种籽粒直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉含量下降,但不同时期高温胁迫对两品种不同组分淀粉的影响表现不同:高温胁迫对豫麦34支链淀粉含量影响相对较大,且以灌浆前期降幅最大;豫麦50则以直链淀粉含量受灌浆前期高温胁迫的影响相对较大.干旱胁迫下两品种直链淀粉的含量均显著下降,但支链淀粉在不同时期干旱胁迫下表现出品种间的差异:灌浆前期干旱对两品种影响均不显著,中、后期显著降低豫麦50支链淀粉含量,而豫麦34的支链淀粉含量在灌浆后期干旱胁迫下有所升高.研究结果还表明,花后高温与干旱对小麦籽粒淀粉及组分的影响存在显著的互作效应,说明高温与干旱对淀粉品质的影响具有叠加效应和复杂性. 相似文献
8.
干旱对玉米自交系叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以玉米自交系郑58(抗旱性强)和丹340(抗旱性弱)为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置中度干旱和正常灌水处理,研究干旱胁迫对玉米自交系苗期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期叶片叶绿素荧光指标的影响。结果表明,不同生育时期,玉米自交系叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的最大荧光(Fm)、原初最大光能利用效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)、有效光化学量子产量(Fv’/Fm’)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)均随干旱胁迫的加剧而下降;初始荧光(F0)和非光化学猝灭系数(q N)均随干旱胁迫的加剧而升高。与丹340相比,郑58的Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’降幅均相对较小。不同时期干旱胁迫下,郑58的Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPSⅡ和q P均高于丹340。与丹340相比,干旱胁迫下,郑58光系统Ⅱ具有较高的光能转化和利用效率、实际光化学量子效率和有效光化学量子产量,通过调节碳同化能力和激发能利用效率,有效地耗散过剩光能减轻光抑制,保护光合机构,维持较高的光合性能。光系统Ⅱ中Fm、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0可以用来鉴定玉米自交系抗旱性。 相似文献
9.
10.
花后干旱胁迫对两种筋力型小麦品种旗叶光合特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在盆栽防雨条件下,分别以强筋小麦品种豫麦34和弱筋小麦品种豫麦50为材料,研究了花后不同阶段（整个灌浆期、花后0～10d、花后10～20d和花后20～30d）土壤干旱胁迫（土壤相对含水量为35％～40％）对植株旗叶光合特性的影响。结果表明,花后不同阶段土壤干旱胁迫均导致两品种旗叶净光合速率（Pn）,PSⅡ活性（Fv/Fo）、PSⅡ最大光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（ΦPSd）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）显著下降,非光化学猝灭系数（qN）显著上升;以整个灌浆期干旱胁迫下旗叶光合参数下降幅度最大。不同阶段相比,以花后10～20d干旱胁迫下旗叶光合参数的降幅最大,处理间差异达到极显著水平,而花后0～10d和20～30d干旱胁迫对旗叶光合参数的影响相对较小。因此,保证花后10～20d的麦田水分供应对维持小麦较高的光合性能、促进籽粒灌浆具有重要作用。两品种相比,以强筋小麦品种豫麦34旗叶光合性能及产量受干旱胁迫的影响相对较大。 相似文献
11.
Jinsong Bao Yan Lu Feng Yang Gan Zhang Yafang Shao Harold Corke Mei Sun 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012
ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a rate-limiting enzyme participating in starch biosynthesis, which may be responsible for the filling rate and starch accumulation in the developing rice kernel. However, it is still unknown whether the naturally occurring variation in the sequence of ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase of rice (OsAGP) is related to the grain weight (GW). In this study, we discovered a total of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) in the partial sequences of six OsAGP isoform genes from 30 rice accessions with diverse agronomic traits. We then developed ten cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and derived CAPS (dCAPS) markers for genotyping the SNPs and InDels for an association mapping population consisting of 416 rice accessions. Candidate gene association study indicated that an InDel of OsAGPL4 was associated with GW in two environments and an SNP of OsAGPL2 was associated with GW in one environment. Each gene marker only explained 1% of the variation of GW, thus it could be concluded that both genes contributed little to GW of rice. However, the markers identified in this study could be used for tagging other traits of interests and in molecular breeding. 相似文献
12.
密度对中早熟高淀粉玉米品种淀粉产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
对黑龙江省东部淀粉加工企业常用的4个高淀粉中早熟玉米品种在4种不同密度下的淀粉产量进行分析。结果表明,密度直接影响淀粉产量,而不同的品种在不同的密度下有不同的淀粉产量潜力。要获得单位面积上高淀粉产量,建议在我省东部第二、三积温带之间应适当增加密度,最佳密度为5.5万～6.2万株/hm2。 相似文献
13.
Effects of variety and fertiliser nitrogen on alcohol yield, grain yield, starch and protein content, and protein composition of winter wheat 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Daniel R. Kindred Tamara M.O. Verhoeven Richard M. Weightman J. Stuart Swanston Reginald C. Agu James M. Brosnan Roger Sylvester-Bradley 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(1):46-57
The effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on grain size and shape, starch and protein concentration, vitreosity, storage protein composition, and alcohol yield of two winter wheat varieties contrasting in endosperm texture were studied in a field trial in Herefordshire, UK in 2004. Averaged across varieties, the alcohol yield was 439 L/tonne for grain with a protein concentration of 11.5 g/100 g. The soft endosperm wheat variety Riband produced on average 7.7 L more alcohol per tonne of grain at a given protein concentration than the hard endosperm variety, Option. At the same time, N fertiliser was shown to have significant effects on alcohol production through its major influence on grain protein concentration. Averaged over both varieties, there was a reduction in alcohol yield of 5.7 L for each 10 kg increase in protein content per tonne of grain. The starch concentration of Riband was 2.9 g/100 g higher than Option at a given grain protein concentration, supporting its higher observed alcohol yields. A low conversion of starch to alcohol in this study (6.30 L/10 kg starch) compared to the theoretical value (6.61 L/10 kg starch) indicated that there is potential for improvement of this character. The traits relating to grain size and shape were principally influenced by genotype, and were not influenced by N fertiliser. Conversely, there were only minor genotypic effects on grain protein concentration and vitreosity. An important finding was that there were no interactions between variety and N treatment for any of the variables considered, indicating that the response of the two varieties to changes in applied N was the same, resulting in consistent differences in starch concentration and alcohol yield between genotypes at different levels of grain protein. An analysis of the composition of the wheat storage proteins by size-exclusion chromatography showed that the gliadins increased on average by 0.56 g per g increase in total grain protein and were quantitatively the major protein fraction, suggesting that selection for low gliadin content may be a desirable means by which to reduce grain protein, and thereby increase alcohol yield in wheat. The relationship between alcohol yield per unit area and applied N rate was described by a quadratic function and the maximum alcohol yield per unit area was ca. 3630 L/ha. Statistical analysis suggested that the economic optimum rate of N applied for grain yield was close to the optimum N rate for maximum alcohol productivity. 相似文献
14.
Genetically-diverse wheat samples from the Australian Winter Cereals Collection propagated in two environments were sequenced to identify puroindoline genotypes then the relationships between flour yield, genotype, starch granule size distribution and starch-bound puroindoline protein content were investigated. The Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b genotype resulted in a higher average flour yield than either the Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a or the Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1a but the ranges of flour yields for the three genotypes showed considerable overlap. For both hard wheat genotypes (Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b or Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a), a higher proportion of type A to type C starch granules was associated with higher flour yield and this relationship accounted for between 31% and 33% of the variation in flour yield. This result is consistent with previously reported findings for soft wheat. For the Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b genotype, increased flour yield was also associated with a decrease in starch granule-bound puroindoline protein, which accounted for 31–35% of the variation in flour yield across the two environments. The combined effect of starch granule type and associated puroindoline content accounted for 68% of the variation in flour yield within the Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b genotype. 相似文献
15.
灌浆期高温干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒淀粉积累的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨花后高温和干旱逆境胁迫对小麦淀粉组分的影响,采用盆栽和人工气候室相结合的方式研究了灌浆期短暂高温、干旱及其复合胁迫对两个不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,小麦籽粒淀粉的积累量符合Logistic方程,但逆境胁迫会缩短籽粒淀粉积累持续时间,降低其积累速率,使其最终淀粉积累量减少。与对照相比,高温、干旱及其复合胁迫显著降低两个小麦品种籽粒的支链淀粉和总淀粉含量,直链淀粉含量受影响较小,淀粉的直/支比增加。高温、干旱及其复合胁迫下,洛麦24的千粒重分别较对照下降42.03%、21.95%和50.01%,产量分别较对照下降57.88%、40.75%和61.08%;郑麦366的千粒重分别较对照下降34.39%、7.64%和43.16%,产量分别较对照下降41.58%、30.97%和48.49%。综上所述,高温、干旱胁迫抑制支链淀粉积累是造成产量下降的重要原因;复合胁迫对小麦籽粒淀粉积累量的影响大于干旱或高温单独胁迫;高温胁迫的影响大于干旱;洛麦24较郑麦366对高温和干旱胁迫更敏感。 相似文献
16.
为了研究小麦淀粉粒的大小及分布对小麦品质状况的影响,对不同筋力类型的8份春小麦品种进行了A、B型淀粉颗粒的电镜分析,并测定这些品种的直/支淀粉含量、膨胀势及面粉吸水率等品质指标。结果表明,强筋型小麦直径小于16 μm的淀粉粒占A型淀粉粒总数的比例最大,而中筋和弱筋型小麦直径大于20 μm的淀粉粒占A型淀粉粒总数的比例最大,与其他筋力型差异显著;B型淀粉粒直径大小在不同筋力型品种间差异不显著,其形状在弱筋品种武春121中呈现不规则形。相关分析表明,A型淀粉粒的平均直径与支链淀粉含量、膨胀势和吸水率呈显著正相关,而B型淀粉粒的平均直径与上述品质参数相关不显著,说明A型淀粉粒的大小对上述小麦品质指标具有一定的影响,而B型淀粉粒的影响较小。 相似文献
17.
无机与有机肥配施对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为了阐明天田条件下无机与有机肥配施对小麦籽粒产量和品质的调控效应,以中筋型小麦品种豫麦49-198为供试材料,研究了施用有机肥、无机与有机肥配施以及施用尿素处理对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响.结果表明,无杌与有机肥配施不仅可以显著提高小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量.还可以改善小麦淀粉糊化特性.综合各处理结果,施用有机肥以鸡粪处理、无机与有机肥配施以鸡粪+尿素处理对提高小麦籽粒产量、改善小麦淀粉糊化特性的效果较好. 相似文献
18.
氮肥对耐盐啤酒大麦产量、品质及光合功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高沿海地区啤酒大麦的产量和品质,研究了施氮量、氮肥运筹对耐盐啤酒大麦泰兴9425籽粒产量、品质与光合功能的影响.结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,啤酒大麦籽粒产量、干物质积累量、叶面积、SPAD值、光合速率、籽粒蛋白质含量均呈上升趋势,籽粒淀粉含量呈下降趋势;同一施氮量水平下不同氮肥运筹(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥)间的产量、干物质积累量、叶面积均表现为B2(7∶1∶2)＞B3(5∶3∶2)＞B1(9∶1∶0),SPAD值、光合速率、蛋白质含量表现为B3＞B2＞B1,淀粉含量高低表现为B1＞B2＞B3.在本试验条件下,耐盐啤酒大麦泰兴9425每盆施纯氮3.92g(折合180 kg·hm-2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥施氮比例为B2(7∶1∶2),可实现高产与优质协调发展. 相似文献
19.
The process of starch accumulation in grain directly influences the yield and quality formation in wheat. Since few studies have been aimed at modeling the grain starch accumulation, this study was undertaken to develop a simplified process model for predicting the rate of starch accumulation in wheat grain by focusing on the variation of plant carbon dynamics post-anthesis. Five different experiments involving genotypes, nitrogen rates and water regimes were conducted to support model development and model evaluation. The model proposed that the starch accumulation rate (STR) in individual grain was determined by the availability of carbon source in plant (GCAi) and the ability of starch synthesis in grain (f(Ai)), as influenced by the factors of temperature, water and nitrogen conditions within plants. The f(Ai) could be described in a two-section curve with post-anthesis growing degree days (GDD), first exponential increase and then linear decrease. The GCAi was determined by post-anthesis carbon assimilation and carbon remobilization from vegetative organs to grains. A genotypic parameter was incorporated into the model algorithm, i.e. the maximum rate of individual grain starch accumulation, to differentiate the ability of starch accumulation among cultivars. The overall performance of the model was validated with different data sets from three field experiments spanning 3 years and comprising various genotypes, nitrogen and water levels. The RMSE values for all treatments were averaged as 12.51%, indicating a good fit between the simulated and observed data. It appears that the model can give a reliable prediction for grain starch accumulation of different wheat cultivars under various growing conditions. 相似文献
20.
不同小麦品种籽粒淀粉合成酶基因的表达及其与淀粉积累的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探寻不同专用类型小麦籽粒品质调控的途径,以不同专用类型小麦品种为材料,比较了其籽粒淀粉合成酶基因表达、淀粉合成酶活性以及淀粉积累速率动态特征,并分析了三者之间的相关性。结果表明,整个灌浆期间,籽粒淀粉合成酶基因（AGPase1、GBSSI、SSSIII、SBEI）相对表达量、淀粉合成酶（AGPase、GBSS、SSS、SBE）活性及直、支链淀粉积累速率均表现为强筋小麦中优9507〉中筋小麦淮麦18〉弱筋小麦宁麦9号〉糯小麦Wx11。相关分析表明,AGPase1、SSSIII、SBEI基因的相对表达量最大值与AGPase、SSS、SBE活性峰值均呈极显著正相关;GBSSI基因相对表达量最大值与GBSS活性峰值相关不显著;4种淀粉合成酶基因相对表达量最大值均与籽粒直、支链淀粉及总淀粉积累速率峰值呈极显著正相关;4种淀粉合成酶活性与籽粒直、支链淀粉及总淀粉积累速率均呈极显著正相关。 相似文献