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1.
植物源有机物料对果园土壤微生物群落多样性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
【目的】苹果园土壤肥力持续下降,禽畜废弃物肥源严重不足,施用植物源有机肥成为生产中改善果园土壤状况的重要措施之一。本试验利用BIOLOG微平板技术研究了盆栽条件下添加植物源有机物料及其腐殖化过程驱动因子对果园土壤微生物群落多样性的影响,探讨葡萄糖、 尿素和蚯蚓在植物源有机物料向土壤碳库转化中的作用,为揭示果园土壤质量的演变机制提供参考。【方法】取苹果园020 cm土层土壤,与苹果枝条、 玉米秸秆和果园杂草粉碎物混合,栽植2a生苹果砧木山定子幼苗,分别添加尿素、 葡萄糖和蚯蚓,利用BIOLOG微平板技术进行土壤微生物群落多样性分析。不同处理的土壤浸提液在 BIOLOG生态测试板中培养,取培养96 h时微平板光密度值进行多样性指数计算,分别用丰富度指数S 表示被微生物群落利用的基质数量,多样性指数表示反应孔与对照孔光密度值之差和整块板总差的比值,均匀度指数 E表示可培养微生物的种类均匀度,优势度指数Ds用于评估某些最常见种的优势度。对土壤微生物群落利用BIOLOG微平板中六类碳源（碳水化合物类、 氨基酸类、 羧酸类、 多聚物类、 芳香族类和胺类）的情况进行主成分分析,明确不同处理微生物对碳源利用能力的差异。【结果】有机物料种类、 小分子有机物和蚯蚓数量均对平均吸光值（AWCD值）有显著影响,在培养0~24 h,玉米秸秆+葡萄糖+12条蚯蚓（T4）和果园杂草+葡萄糖（T9）处理的AWCD值明显高于其他处理,微生物群落的活性较强,碳源开始利用较早。2496 h时,AWCD呈指数增长,120 h后趋于平缓,以玉米秸秆+葡萄糖+12条蚯蚓（T4）、 苹果枝条+葡萄糖+6条蚯蚓（T2）、 果园杂草+葡萄糖（T9）处理斜率最大,其次为玉米秸秆+尿素+6条蚯蚓（T6）和苹果枝条+尿素（T1）处理; 小分子有机物种类对微生物群落丰富度指数（S）和优势度指数（Ds）的影响显著,丰富度指数（S）以苹果枝条+葡萄糖+6条蚯蚓（T2）最大,优势度指数（Ds）以玉米秸秆+葡萄糖+12条蚯蚓（T4）最大,各处理的多样性指数（H）和均一度指数（E）差异不显著; 对碳源利用主成分起分异作用的主要是碳水化合物类和多聚物类。【结论】与秸秆和杂草处理相比,苹果枝条处理土壤微生物群落多样性较丰富,加入葡萄糖为土壤微生物提供可迅速利用的碳源,微生物功能多样性也显著增加; 蚯蚓活动对微生物群落多样性的影响比葡萄糖小,尿素对微生物群落多样性的影响也较小,但同时添加尿素和葡萄糖有助于微生物多样性的增加。 相似文献
2.
蚯蚓活动和秸秆施用方式对土壤生物学性质的动态影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过实验室短期培养研究接种蚯蚓和有机物不同施用方式(混施与表施)对土壤微生物类群、土壤微生物量以及呼吸强度等土壤生物学性质的影响。结果表明,接种蚯蚓对土壤可培养酵母菌、细菌数量和土壤底物诱导呼吸强度有明显促进作用。最高增幅分别达到相应未接种蚯蚓处理的5.18,8.88,2.50倍。蚯蚓活动对土壤微生物量及真菌数量的影响受到秸秆施用的影响:在混施和不施秸秆的处理(SRME、SE)中显著抑制丝状真菌数量;在混施秸秆处理中蚯蚓活动降低了SMBC含量。秸秆的施用方式对土壤微生物性状也有较大影响。混施秸秆处理中,土壤酵母菌、细菌数量、土壤微生物量和土壤呼吸强度增加也最为明显,而丝状真菌数量的增加幅度却不如表施秸秆处理。各处理土壤微生物量碳随时间变化趋势比较一致,呈现先降(第4周)后增的变化趋势,其他测定项目没有一致的随时间变化的规律。方差分析表明秸秆施用对土壤微生物量氮和可培养微生物数量变化的贡献最大,分别达到96.5%(SMBN)、77.9%(细菌)、69.4%(酵母菌)和85.3%(丝状真菌)。并且时间、秸秆和蚯蚓因子间存在强烈交互作用。 相似文献
3.
利用BIOLOG测试方法对长江三角洲地区施污泥土壤的微生物群落功能多样性进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,施用污泥后土壤微生物群落代谢剖面、多样性指数、动力学参数均发生了变化,说明微生物对单一碳源底物的利用能力发生了改变。微生物群落功能多样性动力学研究结果发现,供试土壤的微生物群落代谢剖面（AWCD）与培养时间之间呈非线性关系,其变化过程符合微生物种群生长动态模型（S型）。除滩潮土的杭州新鲜消化污泥和杭州风干污泥处理外,其他污泥处理均使土壤微生物群落功能多样性动力学参数K和r值降低,S值增大。土壤微生物群落功能多样性特征的变化可以较好地显示施用污泥后土壤微生物群落对碳源利用能力和模式的差异,反映施用污泥特定生境土壤微生物群落功能多样性的变化。 相似文献
4.
接种蚯蚓对加入不同植物残体土壤微生物特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内试验,研究不同类型土壤和植物残体施用下接种蚯蚓对土壤微生物群落组成及活性的影响,为将蚯蚓引入农田及水土流失区提供理论依据。供试土壤为黏粒含量较低的灰潮土和黏粒含量较高的典型红壤,供试植物残体为高碳氮比的玉米秸秆和低碳氮比的三叶草,供试蚯蚓为体型较大的威廉腔环蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)。结果表明:接种蚯蚓对微生物量碳(MBC)无显著影响;不同土壤无论是否施用植物残体,接种蚯蚓均使土壤基础呼吸(BR)显著增大,尤其是不施用植物残体时;两种土壤中不施用植物残体和施用三叶草时,接种蚯蚓均使代谢熵(qCO2)增大,而施用玉米秸秆接种蚯蚓使qCO2有下降趋势。Biolog孔平均颜色变化(AWCD)在接种蚯蚓时均增大,基质利用丰富度(S)和多样性指数(H)也增大,且未施用秸秆时的变化较为明显;主成分分析(PCA)表明接种蚯蚓后土壤微生物群落组成与结构发生了明显变化。土壤微生物群落特性变化受蚯蚓、土壤及植物残体间交互作用的影响。 相似文献
5.
利用BIOLOG测试方法对长江三角洲地区施污泥土壤的微生物群落功能多样性进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,施用污泥后土壤微生物群落代谢剖面、多样性指数、动力学参数均发生了变化,说明微生物对单一碳源底物的利用能力发生了改变。微生物群落功能多样性动力学研究结果发现,供试土壤的微生物群落代谢剖面(AWCD)与培养时间之间呈非线性关系,其变化过程符合微生物种群生长动态模型(S型)。除滩潮土的杭州新鲜消化污泥和杭州风干污泥处理外,其他污泥处理均使土壤微生物群落功能多样性动力学参数K和r值降低,S值增大。土壤微生物群落功能多样性特征的变化可以较好地显示施用污泥后土壤微生物群落对碳源利用能力和模式的差异,反映施用污泥特定生境土壤微生物群落功能多样性的变化。 相似文献
6.
为了解本研究室于常温下筛选研制的秸秆腐熟剂在土壤中的施用效果,通过盆钵模拟培养试验,设置腐熟剂的不同施用方式（单独施用腐熟剂、配施葡萄糖、配施尿素、配施尿素与葡萄糖）,研究小麦秸秆还田施用秸秆腐熟剂后土壤微生物群落特征及养分含量变化,为该秸秆腐熟剂的产品化及合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明,秸秆腐熟剂以不同施用方式进入土壤后,土壤的微生物群落组成与活性相应发生显著变化,AWCD、Shannon多样性指数（H）、物种丰富度（S）均增大,早期土壤中细菌和真菌数量增加,腐熟剂与尿素的配合施用使土壤的基础呼吸和微生物代谢熵显著下降（P〈0.05）;腐熟剂施用加快了小麦秸秆的腐解速度,腐熟剂施用90d后,土壤中全磷、速效磷及速效钾的含量均有不同程度的增加,腐熟剂与尿素的配合施用增幅显著（P〈0.05）。在秸秆还田时,施用腐熟剂有助于土壤微生物群落活性与多样性的提高,同时也有利于改善土壤养分状况,腐熟剂与尿素配合施用的效果最佳。 相似文献
7.
不同秸秆施用方式下接种蚯蚓对土壤团聚体及其中碳分布的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过室内培养试验,研究在施用有机物条件下接种蚯蚓对土壤团聚体的分布、团聚体的水稳性以及不同粒径的水稳性团聚体中有机碳含量的影响.干筛结果表明,不同秸秆施用方式下,蚯蚓接种能显著促进各个处理中＞2 mm团聚体含量的增加,且在秸秆混施的处理中表现得尤为明显,团聚体含量增加了2.95倍;湿筛结果表明,蚯蚓在不施和混施秸秆的处理中能显著降低土壤黏砂粒含量,即增加土壤中水稳性团聚体的含量,但是在表施秸秆的处理中显著降低了0.25～ 0.053 mm粒级团聚体含量,使之分散为黏砂粒.蚯蚓和秸秆对土壤团聚体分布和水稳性的影响都达到显著水平.蚯蚓对水稳性微团聚体的影响极显著,而秸秆的作用更多地表现在水稳性大团聚体上.在秸秆表施和秸秆混施条件下,接种蚯蚓均显著促进了微团聚体碳含量的增加,分别为相应对照的2.1和1.2倍.蚯蚓作用能显著降低黏砂粒有机碳在全碳中含量,增加团聚体有机碳含量,主要是由于蚯蚓的作用能促进黏砂粒黏结为团聚体. 相似文献
8.
为探明使用沼液对土壤质量的影响，明确土壤微生物功能多样性对沼液使用量和使用年限的响应，在甘肃祁连葡萄观光园进行等氮量替代和增施沼液处理，采用Biolog方法测定土壤微生物功能多样性。结果表明：（1）100%等氮量沼液处理的土壤微生物群落代谢活性最小，替代33%氮量处理的土壤微生物群落代谢活性最高，连续两年使用沼液的处理间差异大于一年。（2）试验地土壤微生物利用的主要碳源为碳水化合物类，使用沼液能够显著提高土壤微生物对氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源的利用率。连续两年使用沼液条件下，增施沼液处理（133%和167%）效果优于等氮量替代处理。（3）与单施化肥对照相比，使用沼液处理仅在提高土壤微生物均一度指数方面存在优势，且增施沼液处理（133%和167%）效果优于等氮量替代处理。（4）主成分分析表明，沼液使用量和使用年限对土壤微生物碳源利用水平以及代谢多样性的影响有差异，且使用年限增加能使各处理间变异程度增大。（5）碳水化合物类和氨基酸类碳源是引起不同沼液用量处理土壤微生物功能群分异的主要碳源，其中碳水化合物类是使用年限增加后土壤微生物群落变化的敏感碳源。（6）Pearson相关性分析表明，该试验地土壤微生物功能多样性与土壤有机质、碱解氮呈正相关关系，与速效磷、速效钾呈负相关关系。综上，长期使用沼液（尤其是沼液与化肥配施）有利于提高土壤微生物代谢活性和土壤微生物群落功能多样性，且当沼液使用量较大时能达到完全取代化肥的效果。 相似文献
9.
接种蚯蚓对施加秸秆的旱作稻田N2O排放的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过田间试验研究了秸秆不同施用方式下接种蚯蚓(威廉腔环蚓,Metaphire guillelmi)对水稻旱作土壤N2O排放通量的影响。结果显示施加秸秆和接种蚯蚓增加了N2O的排放量。在秸秆表施的情况下,接种蚯蚓处理显著提高了N2O的排放量,从12.54 kg/hm2提高到14.94 kg/hm2 (P<0.05);但是在秸秆混施的情况下,接种蚯蚓处理未显著提高N2O的排放量。蚯蚓的存在使土壤NO3--N的含量显著提高,尤其是在混施秸秆的情况下。由于栽培期内NH4+-N变化幅度较小,不同处理NO3--N含量的变化决定了土壤矿质氮的分异。农田生态系统中蚯蚓对N2O排放的贡献主要体现在促进秸秆混入土壤,从而加快秸秆的分解和N2O的排放。 相似文献
10.
长期施用化肥对塿土微生物多样性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
【目的】土壤微生物在土壤有机质分解、营养循环、植物生长等方面都发挥着重要作用,研究长期施用化肥对其产生的影响可为农田合理施用化肥、培肥土壤和高产高效可持续性农业生产提供理论依据。【方法】以陕西杨凌"国家黄土肥力与肥料效益监测基地"的长期定位试验为基础,利用BIOLOG分析并结合常规分析研究了6种长期不同化肥施用方式不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮钾配施(NK)、磷钾配施(PK)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)对土土壤微生物量和微生物功能多样性的影响。【结果】与不施肥CK相比,长期单施氮肥(N)的SMBC、SMBN没有显著变化,但明显降低了土壤微生物商和土壤微生物对氮素的利用;NP和NPK配施能够显著增加土SMBC和SMBN含量,明显提高了土壤微生物商,使土壤微生物种群结构发生了明显变化但土壤微生物对氮素的利用没有显著提高;长期偏施肥处理(NK、PK)的SMBC、SMBN和微生物商虽轻微增加,但土壤微生物种群结构没有显著改变。BIOLOG分析结果显示施磷处理(PK、NP和NPK)对微生物代谢活性的促进作用较大且在培养初期代谢活性较不施磷处理(CK、N和NK)增加显著。长期单施氮肥(N)对于提高土壤微生物多样性没有显著作用而其他化肥施用处理可以提高土土壤微生物群落的碳源利用能力、物种的丰富度和优势度,其中NP和NPK处理配施效果最好。化肥施用对土土壤微生物群落的均匀度没有显著影响。主成分分析的结果表明不同处理的土壤微生物对碳源利用表现出显著差异,氮磷养分的差异是产生分异的主要原因。【结论】土区小麦玉米轮作下,平衡施肥(NP或NPK配施)对于改善农田土壤微生物特性具有良好作用。 相似文献
11.
Jun Tao Bryan Griffiths Shujie Zhang Xiaoyun Chen Manqiang Liu Feng Hu Huixin Li 《Applied soil ecology》2009,42(3):221-226
The effect of earthworms on soil hydrolases (protease, urease, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase) and dehydrogenase activities was investigated in maize residue amended rice–wheat rotation agro-ecosystem. Experimental plots in the rotation had five treatments, i.e. incorporation or mulching of maize residues with or without added earthworms and an untreated control. The application of maize residues to soil without earthworms significantly enhanced the five soil enzyme activities compared with the control treatment during rice and wheat cultivation. The presence of earthworms further significantly enhanced protease activity in the soils with both incorporated and mulched maize residues during two cultivation seasons, but only significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the soil with incorporated maize residue during the rice cultivation season. Invertase activity was significantly enhanced by the presence of earthworms in the soil with maize residue incorporation during two cultivation seasons. There were no changes in dehydrogenase activity when earthworms were present. Additionally, the five enzyme activities in earthworm casts were significant higher than those in the surrounding soil, especially dehydrogenase and invertase activities. Whatever the treatment, the values obtained for the enzyme activities in both soil and casts, except for dehydrogenase activity in earthworm casts, were significantly higher under wheat than those in rice-cultivated soil. These results indicate that the presence of earthworms strongly affected soil enzyme activities, depending on the method of organic residue application, and the enhanced enzyme activities of earthworm casts probably contributed to the surrounding soil enzyme activities. 相似文献
12.
PANG Jun-Zhu QIAO Yu-Hui SUN Zhen-Jun ZHANG Shuo-Xin LI Yun-Le ZHANG Rui-Qing 《土壤圈》2012,22(5):726-735
Earthworms,one of the most important macroinvertebrates in terrestrial ecosystems of temperate zones,exert important influences on soil functions.A laboratory microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the earthworm Eisenia fetida on wheat straw decomposition and nutrient cycling in an agricultural soil in a reclaimed salinity area of the North China Plain.Each microcosm was simulated by thoroughly mixing wheat straw into the soil and incubated for 120 d with earthworms added at 3 different densities as treatments:control with no earthworms,regular density(RD)with two earthworms,and increased density(ID)with six earthworms.The results showed that there was no depletion of carbon and nitrogen pools in the presence of the earthworms.Basal soil respiration rates and metabolic quotient increased with the increase in earthworm density during the initial and middle part of the incubation period.In contrast,concentrations of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass quotient decreased in the presence of earthworms.Earthworm activity stimulated the transfer of microbial biomass carbon to dissolved organic carbon and could lead to a smaller,but more metabolically active microbial biomass.Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and NO3--N increased significantly with the increase in earthworm density at the end of the incubation(P<0.05),resulting in a large pool of inorganic nitrogen available for plant uptake.Cumulative net nitrogen mineralization rates were three times higher in the ID treatment than the RD treatment. 相似文献
13.
Earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to independently affect soil microbial and biochemical properties, in particular soil microbial biomass (SMB) and enzymes. However, less information is available about their interactive effects, particularly in soils contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). The amount of soil microbial biomass C (MBC), the rate of soil respiration (SRR) and the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in a calcareous soil artificially spiked with Cd (10 and 20 mg Cd kg−1), inoculated with earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus L.), and AMF (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae species) under maize (Zea mays L.) crop for 60 days. Results showed that the quantity of MBC, SRR and enzyme activities decreased with increasing Cd levels as a result of the elevated exchangeable Cd concentration. Earthworm addition increased soil exchangeable Cd levels, while AMF and their interaction with earthworms had no influence on this fraction of Cd. Earthworm activity resulted in no change in soil MBC, while inoculation with both AMF species significantly enhanced soil MBC contents. However, the presence of earthworms lowered soil MBC when inoculated with G. mosseae fungi, showing an interaction between the two organisms. Soil enzyme activities and SRR values tended to increase considerably with the inoculation of both earthworms and AMF. Nevertheless, earthworm activity did not affect ALP activity when inoculated with G. mosseae fungi, while the presence of earthworm enhanced urease activity only with G. intraradices species. The increases in enzyme activities and SRR were better ascribed to changes in soil organic carbon (OC), MBC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents. In summary, results demonstrated that the influence of earthworms alone on Cd availability is more important than that of AMF in Cd-polluted soils; and that the interaction effects between these organisms on soil microorganism are much more important than on Cd availability. Thus, the presence of both earthworms and AMF could alleviate Cd effects on soil microbial life. 相似文献
14.
The influence of earthworms on nematodes and protozoan communities was determined during the wheat phase of a six year rice-wheat rotation agro-ecosystem. Experimental plots in the rotation had five treatments, i.e. incorporation or mulching of maize residues with or without added earthworms and a control. The addition of maize residues to soil strongly affected the abundance and community structure of nematodes and protozoa in the absence of earthworms. The presence of earthworms gave significantly lower total nematode numbers at all soil depths following maize residue incorporation than the same treatment without earthworms, and also gave lower (although not significantly) total nematode numbers in the upper soil layer following maize residue mulching than the same treatment without earthworms. This was mainly due to a significant decrease in bacterial-feeding nematode numbers. Earthworms also strongly affected the distribution of the number of total nematodes and two trophic groups (bacterial and plant feeders) with soil depth. In the presence of earthworms, total protozoan and flagellate numbers significantly increased at all soil depths following both incorporation and mulching of maize residues, while numbers of amoebae increased only when maize residues were mulched. Additionally, in earthworm casts total nematode numbers (mainly bacterial and fungal feeders) were significantly higher, whereas total protozoa numbers (mainly flagellates and amoebae) were significantly lower than that in soil from 0 to 5 cm layer.These results indicated that earthworm activity could affect the abundance and community structure of microfauna, and change their distribution between soil layers and cast material, depending on the mode of application of organic residues. 相似文献
15.
生态修复是南方红壤丘陵区土地退化治理的有效手段之一,但现有研究较少关注土壤动物在生态修复过程中的作用。以退化的赤红壤为研究对象,基于盆栽试验,采用全因子设计方法模拟多种生态系统(裸土vs.黑麦草)×蚯蚓(不接种vs.接种蚯蚓)×水分(湿润vs.干旱),以揭示蚯蚓对干旱条件下退化土壤植被修复前后土壤理化性质和植被生产力的调控作用。结果表明：蚯蚓显著提高了湿润和干旱条件下黑麦草生物量。蚯蚓对土壤有机碳影响不显著,蚯蚓活动提高了裸土生态系统土壤总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量,以及黑麦草生态系统土壤速效磷含量。干旱胁迫降低黑麦草生物量,对土壤有机碳影响不显著,但显著改善蚯蚓存在土壤的pH值。黑麦草生物量与土壤总磷、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效磷显著正相关。偏最小二乘路径分析表明蚯蚓活动显著提高土壤全量和速效养分含量,湿润条件下速效养分对植被生物量具有显著正效应,干旱条件下其作用不显著。综上,蚯蚓活动改善土壤肥力状况,促进植被生长,蚯蚓活动可缓解干旱对植被生长的不利影响。研究结果对深入认识蚯蚓对生态系统作用具有重要意义,为退化土地生态修复管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
16.
秸秆施用及蚯蚓活动下土壤有机碳变化表征指标的筛选 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在长期连续稻-麦轮作的小区试验中,通过运用主成分分析法与聚类分析法等,对施用秸秆与接种蚯蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)后土壤有机碳变化表征指标的敏感性进行了分析与评价。结果表明,不同土壤有机碳变化表征指标对农田施用秸秆与蚯蚓活动的响应不同,用所选取12种指标可较完整地表达土壤有机碳的含量与组成变化,但较多的信息及信息的不一致影响进一步的分析。各指标可依主成分分析与聚类分析结果分为两大类,一类为与土壤有机碳含量密切相关的指标,如可溶性有机碳(DOC)、热水提取态碳(HWEC)、潜在可矿化碳(PMC)、基础呼吸(BR)、酸提取态碳(AEC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、总有机碳(TOC);另一类为与微生物密切相关的潜在影响土壤有机碳的指标,如微生物熵(Mq)、代谢熵(qCO2)与微生物生物量碳(MBC)。运用与土壤有机碳含量密切相关的指标可用于评价秸秆施用对土壤有机碳的影响,且不必全部测定,只需选测一种或两种指标,而其他指标可通过回归方程获得。与微生物密切相关的指标可用于评价蚯蚓活动对土壤有机碳的潜在影响。 相似文献
17.
《European Journal of Soil Biology》2008,44(1):65-70
A novel experiment design based on the axial simplex design was used to study the effects of earthworm functional diversity on microbial biomass and microbial community level physiological profiles in soils. This mesocosm experiment was carried out at two densities of earthworm and at two levels of food supply. Soil mesocosms were maintained for 7 months and watered each week with 300 ml of distilled water. At the end of this period the soil columns were divided into upper and lower halves and microbial biomass carbon and functional diversity assessed. Greater microbial biomass and activity was found in the upper layer of soil. Food supply was the major driver leading to increased microbial activity and biomass. Increased earthworm biomass had the opposite effect. In the lower soil layer, the presence of anecic worms had the greatest effect on microbial biomass and activity. This effect was enhanced with increased food supply. Overall, the relationship between earthworm functional diversity and microbial community level physiological profile appeared to be idiosyncratic and the effect of the earthworms varied with soil layer, initial biomass and food supply. The loss of any earthworm functional group might lead to significant alterations in the microbial biomass, distribution and physiological profile. 相似文献
18.
We studied the effects of applications of traditionally composted farmyard manure (FYM) and two types of biodynamically composted FYM over 9 years on soil chemical properties, microbial biomass and respiration, dehydrogenase and saccharase activities, decomposition rates and root production under grass-clover, activity and biomass of earthworms under wheat, and yields in a grass-clover, potatoes, winter wheat, field beans, spring wheat, winter rye crop rotation. The experiment was conducted near Bonn, on a Fluvisol using a randomised complete block design (n=6). Our results showed that plots which received either prepared or non-prepared FYM (30 Mg ha–1 year–1) had significantly increased soil pH, P and K concentrations, microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, decomposition (cotton strips), earthworm cast production and altered earthworm community composition than plots without FYM application. Application of FYM did not affect the soil C/N ratio, root length density, saccharase activity, microbial basal respiration, metabolic quotient and crop yields. The biodynamic preparation of FYM with fermented residues of six plant species (6 g Mg–1 FYM) significantly decreased soil microbial basal respiration and metabolic quotient compared to non-prepared FYM or FYM prepared with only Achillea. The biodynamic preparation did not affect soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity and decomposition during 62 days. However, after 100 days, decomposition was significantly faster in plots which received completely prepared FYM than in plots which received no FYM, FYM without preparations or FYM with the Achillea preparation. Furthermore, the application of completely prepared FYM led to significantly higher biomass and abundance of endogeic or anecic earthworms than in plots where non-prepared FYM was applied. 相似文献